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Additionally, we conducted a scoping review of children with MD and ataxia after SARS-CoV-2 infection.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We detected antibodies in the patient's CSF binding unknown antigens in murine basal ganglia. The child received immunosuppression and recovered completely. In a scoping review, we identified further 32 children with de novo MD or ataxia after COVID-19. While in a minority of cases, MD or ataxia were a symptom of known clinical entities (e.g. ADEM, Sydenham's chorea), in most children, the etiology was suspected to be of autoimmune origin without further assigned diagnosis. (i) Children either presented with ataxia (79%), but different from the well-known postinfectious acute cerebellar ataxia (older age, less favorable outcome, or (ii) had hypo-\/hyperkinetic MD (21%), which were choreatic in most cases. Besides 14% of spontaneous recovery, immunosuppression was necessary in 79%. Approximately one third of children only partially recovered.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Infection with SARS-CoV-2 can trigger de novo MD in children. Most patients showed COVID-19-associated-ataxia and fewer-chorea. Our data suggest that patients benefit from immunosuppression, especially steroids. Despite treatment, one third of patients recovered only partially, which makes up an increasing cohort with neurological sequelae.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-023-11853-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,29]],"date-time":"2023-07-29T11:02:31Z","timestamp":1690628551000},"page":"4593-4607","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Pediatric de novo movement disorders and ataxia in the context of SARS-CoV-2"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"270","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9453-8335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nina-Maria","family":"Wilpert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3291-7222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Lu\u00edsa","family":"de Almeida Marcelino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4769-7322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ellen","family":"Knierim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pasquale","family":"Incoronato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1984-6746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"Sanchez-Sendin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5825-8838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga","family":"Staudacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Drenckhahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6989-5223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petra","family":"Bittigau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2913-1015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakob","family":"Kreye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8283-7976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harald","family":"Pr\u00fcss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2824-3891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus","family":"Schuelke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4134-9060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea A.","family":"K\u00fchn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9454-206X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela M.","family":"Kaindl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3678-5159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc","family":"Nikolaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7798","key":"11853_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2008-3","volume":"579","author":"F Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu F, Zhao S, Yu B, Chen YM, Wang W, Song ZG et al (2020) A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China. 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HP, AMK were supported by the FOR3004 (SYNABS). JK, MN, and ALAM are participants in the BIH-Charit\u00e9 (Junior) Clinician Scientist Program funded by Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin and the Berlin Institute of Health. MS, AAK, and EK were supported by NeuroCure under Germany\u2019s Excellence Strategy\u2014EXC-2049-390688087. AAK was supported by the Collaborative Research Centre TRR 295 (Project ID 4247788381). The funding sources had no involvement in study design, in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report, and in the decision to submit the paper for publication.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}]}}