{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T18:41:39Z","timestamp":1773081699891,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705017600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003768","name":"Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003768","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-023-12170-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T09:02:33Z","timestamp":1705050153000},"page":"2412-2422","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Prognosis of impulse control disorders in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a prospective controlled study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"271","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4427-5765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Wirth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thibaut","family":"Goetsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean-Christophe","family":"Corvol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Roze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louise-Laure","family":"Mariani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Vidailhet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Grabli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luc","family":"Mallet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Pelissolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Rascol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Brefel-Courbon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabienne","family":"Ory-Magne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Arbus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samir","family":"Bekadar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Krystkowiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Llorca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Krack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Castrioto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Val\u00e9rie","family":"Fraix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Maltete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luc","family":"Defebvre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Kreisler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean-Luc","family":"Houeto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Tranchant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mathieu","family":"Anheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"12170_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpneuro0680","volume":"3","author":"MN Potenza","year":"2007","unstructured":"Potenza MN, Voon V, Weintraub D (2007) Drug Insight: impulse control disorders and dopamine therapies in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Nat Rev Neurol 3:664\u2013672","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"12170_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2018.18040465","volume":"176","author":"D Weintraub","year":"2019","unstructured":"Weintraub D, Mamikonyan E (2019) Impulse control disorders in Parkinson\u2019s disease. AJP 176:5\u201311","journal-title":"AJP"},{"key":"12170_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30004-2","volume":"16","author":"V Voon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Voon V, Napier TC, Frank MJ et al (2017) Impulse control disorders and levodopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson\u2019s disease: an update. Lancet Neurol 16:238\u2013250","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"12170_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2013.02.007","volume":"19","author":"G Santangelo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Santangelo G, Barone P, Trojano L et al (2013) Pathological gambling in Parkinson\u2019s disease. A comprehensive review. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 19:645\u201353","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"12170_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20757","volume":"21","author":"MJ Nirenberg","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nirenberg MJ, Waters C (2006) Compulsive eating and weight gain related to dopamine agonist use. Mov Disord 21:524\u2013529","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"12170_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2016.02.017","volume":"25","author":"S Nakum","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nakum S, Cavanna AE (2016) The prevalence and clinical characteristics of hypersexuality in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease following dopaminergic therapy: a systematic literature review. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 25:10\u201316","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"12170_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2017.04.006","volume":"133","author":"D Weintraub","year":"2017","unstructured":"Weintraub D, Claassen DO (2017) Impulse Control and Related Disorders in Parkinson\u2019s Disease. Int Rev Neurobiol 133:679\u2013717","journal-title":"Int Rev Neurobiol"},{"key":"12170_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000955","volume":"34","author":"J Faouzi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Faouzi J, Corvol J-C, Mariani L-L (2021) Impulse control disorders and related behaviors in Parkinson\u2019s disease: risk factors, clinical and genetic aspects, and management. Curr Opin Neurol 34:547\u2013555","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"12170_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2019-322453","volume":"91","author":"MJ Kelly","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kelly MJ, Baig F, Hu MT-M et al (2020) Spectrum of impulse control behaviours in Parkinson\u2019s disease: pathophysiology and management. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 91:703\u201311","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"12170_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2010.65","volume":"67","author":"D Weintraub","year":"2010","unstructured":"Weintraub D, Koester J, Potenza MN et al (2010) Impulse control disorders in Parkinson disease: a cross-sectional study of 3090 patients. Arch Neurol 67:589\u2013595","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"12170_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306787","volume":"85","author":"PJ Garcia-Ruiz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Garcia-Ruiz PJ, Martinez Castrillo JC, Alonso-Canovas A et al (2014) Impulse control disorder in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease under dopamine agonist therapy: a multicentre study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 85:840\u2013844","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"12170_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e189","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005816","volume":"91","author":"J-C Corvol","year":"2018","unstructured":"Corvol J-C, Artaud F, Cormier-Dequaire F et al (2018) Longitudinal analysis of impulse control disorders in Parkinson disease. Neurology 91:e189-201","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"12170_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26160","volume":"30","author":"C Siri","year":"2015","unstructured":"Siri C, Cilia R, Reali E et al (2015) Long-term cognitive follow-up of Parkinson\u2019s disease patients with impulse control disorders. Mov Disord 30:696\u2013704","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"12170_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21770","volume":"23","author":"E Mamikonyan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mamikonyan E, Siderowf AD, Duda JE et al (2008) Long-term follow-up of impulse control disorders in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord 23:75\u201380","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"12170_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25291","volume":"28","author":"J Bastiaens","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bastiaens J, Dorfman BJ, Christos PJ et al (2013) Prospective cohort study of impulse control disorders in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord 28:327\u2013333","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"12170_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032813-153705","volume":"10","author":"BB Averbeck","year":"2014","unstructured":"Averbeck BB, O\u2019Sullivan SS, Djamshidian A (2014) Impulsive and compulsive behaviors in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 10:553\u2013580","journal-title":"Annu Rev Clin Psychol"},{"key":"12170_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1878","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27519","volume":"33","author":"F Cormier-Dequaire","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cormier-Dequaire F, Bekadar S, Anheim M et al (2018) Suggestive association between OPRM1 and impulse control disorders in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord 33:1878\u20131886","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"12170_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2649","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23429","volume":"25","author":"CL Tomlinson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tomlinson CL, Stowe R, Patel S et al (2010) Systematic review of levodopa dose equivalency reporting in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord 25:2649\u20132653","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"12170_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22340","volume":"23","author":"CG Goetz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Goetz CG, Tilley BC, Shaftman SR et al (2008) Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson\u2019s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS): scale presentation and clinimetric testing results. Mov Disord 23:2129\u20132170","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"12170_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.44.5.964","volume":"44","author":"R Schmidt","year":"1994","unstructured":"Schmidt R, Freidl W, Fazekas F et al (1994) The Mattis dementia rating scale: normative data from 1,001 healthy volunteers. Neurology 44:964\u2013964","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"12170_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2314","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21844","volume":"22","author":"B Dubois","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dubois B, Burn D, Goetz C et al (2007) Diagnostic procedures for Parkinson\u2019s disease dementia: recommendations from the movement disorder society task force. Mov Disord 22:2314\u20132324","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"12170_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurol.2009.06.003","volume":"165","author":"C Ardouin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ardouin C, Ch\u00e9reau I, Llorca P-M et al (2009) Assessment of hyper- and hypodopaminergic behaviors in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Rev Neurol (Paris) 165:845\u2013856","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"key":"12170_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0b013e318278be9b","volume":"2","author":"HD Weiss","year":"2012","unstructured":"Weiss HD, Marsh L (2012) Impulse control disorders and compulsive behaviors associated with dopaminergic therapies in Parkinson disease. Neurol Clin Pract 2:267\u2013274","journal-title":"Neurol Clin Pract"},{"key":"12170_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-013-0090-z","volume":"30","author":"MJ Nirenberg","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nirenberg MJ (2013) Dopamine agonist withdrawal syndrome: implications for patient care. Drugs Aging 30:587\u2013592","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"key":"12170_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2013.07.008","volume":"23","author":"JE Grant","year":"2013","unstructured":"Grant JE, Odlaug BL, Chamberlain SR et al (2013) A proof of concept study of tolcapone for pathological gambling: relationships with COMT genotype and brain activation. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 23:1587\u20131596","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"12170_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-016-0004-y","volume":"3","author":"MM Kurtis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kurtis MM, Rajah T, Delgado LF et al (2017) The effect of deep brain stimulation on the non-motor symptoms of Parkinson\u2019s disease: a critical review of the current evidence. npj Parkinson\u2019s Dis 3:1\u201312","journal-title":"npj Parkinson\u2019s Dis"},{"key":"12170_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28320","volume":"36","author":"MN deS Santin","year":"2021","unstructured":"deS Santin MN, Voulleminot P, Vrillon A et al (2021) Impact of subthalamic deep brain stimulation on impulse control disorders in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a prospective study. Mov Disord. 36:750\u20137","journal-title":"Mov Disord."},{"key":"12170_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12167","volume":"2","author":"J Liang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liang J, Groves M, Shanker VL (2015) Clozapine treatment for impulse control disorders in Parkinson\u2019s disease patients: a case series. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2:283\u2013285","journal-title":"Mov Disord Clin Pract"},{"key":"12170_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12121599","volume":"12","author":"M B\u00e9reau","year":"2023","unstructured":"B\u00e9reau M, Van Waes V, Servant M et al (2023) Apathy in Parkinson\u2019s disease: clinical patterns and neurobiological basis. Cells 12:1599","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"12170_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2769","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000010965","volume":"95","author":"BM Scott","year":"2020","unstructured":"Scott BM, Eisinger RS, Burns MR et al (2020) Co-occurrence of apathy and impulse control disorders in Parkinson disease. Neurology 95:e2769\u2013e2780","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"12170_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-150535","volume":"5","author":"M Sierra","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sierra M, Carnicella S, Strafella AP et al (2015) Apathy and impulse control disorders: Yin & Yang of dopamine dependent behaviors. J Parkinsons Dis 5:625\u2013636","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"12170_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25581","volume":"86","author":"J Mar\u00edn-Lahoz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mar\u00edn-Lahoz J, Sampedro F, Martinez-Horta S et al (2019) Depression as a risk factor for impulse control disorders in Parkinson disease. Ann Neurol 86:762\u2013769","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"12170_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2011.189","volume":"8","author":"D Aarsland","year":"2011","unstructured":"Aarsland D, P\u00e5hlhagen S, Ballard CG et al (2011) Depression in Parkinson disease\u2013epidemiology, mechanisms and management. Nat Rev Neurol 8:35\u201347","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"12170_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2015.08.003","volume":"22","author":"I Aracil-Bola\u00f1os","year":"2016","unstructured":"Aracil-Bola\u00f1os I, Strafella AP (2016) Molecular imaging and neural networks in impulse control disorders in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 22(Suppl 1):S101-105","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"12170_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2008.05.004","volume":"29","author":"PJ Cowen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cowen PJ (2008) Serotonin and depression: pathophysiological mechanism or marketing myth? Trends Pharmacol Sci 29:433\u2013436","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"12170_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2015-312848","volume":"87","author":"J Kraemmer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kraemmer J, Smith K, Weintraub D et al (2016) Clinical-genetic model predicts incident impulse control disorders in Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 87:1106\u20131111","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"12170_CR37","volume":"2019","author":"Y Zhi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhi Y, Yuan Y, Si Q et al (2019) The association between DRD3 Ser9Gly polymorphism and depression severity in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Parkinson\u2019s Dis 2019:e1642087","journal-title":"Parkinson\u2019s Dis"},{"key":"12170_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-018-0117-2","volume":"24","author":"M Peci\u00f1a","year":"2019","unstructured":"Peci\u00f1a M, Karp JF, Mathew S et al (2019) Endogenous opioid system dysregulation in depression: implications for new therapeutic approaches. Mol Psychiatry 24:576\u2013587","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-023-12170-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00415-023-12170-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-023-12170-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,27]],"date-time":"2024-04-27T07:08:41Z","timestamp":1714201721000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00415-023-12170-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["12170"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-023-12170-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-5354","1432-1459"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-5354","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1459","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 August 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 December 2023","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 December 2023","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 January 2024","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"T.W. received grants from the Revue Neurologique, the France Parkinson, the Fondation Planiol and the APTES organizations, honorarium from Abbvie, Ipsen and travels funding from LVL medical, Abbvie, and the Movement disorders society, E.R. received honorarium for speech from orkyn aguettant, elivie and for participating in an advisory board from allergan, research support from Merz-Pharma, Orkyn, Aguettant, Elivie, Ipsen, Allergan, Everpharma, Fondation Desmarest, AMADYS, ADCY5.org, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Societ\u00e9 Fran\u00e7aise de M\u00e9decine Esth\u00e9tique, Dystonia Medical Research Foundation. The rest of the authors declares no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}]}}