{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T23:47:54Z","timestamp":1790380074147,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]],"date-time":"2024-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710288000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]],"date-time":"2024-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Recreational nitrous oxide (N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O) use has become more widespread worldwide, leading to an increase in myelopathies and peripheral neuropathies. The aim of this study was to describe clinical and socioeconomical characteristics of severe N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O-induced (NI) neurological disorders (NI-NDs), to determine its incidence in the Greater Paris area and to compare it with that of similar inflammatory neurological disorders.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We performed a retrospective multicentric cohort study of all adult patients with severe NI-NDs in the neurology and general internal medicine departments of the Greater Paris area from 2018 to 2021. The incidence was compared with that of non-NI-myelitis and Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome (GBS) using a sample of 91,000 hospitalized patients sourced from health insurance data.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Among 181 patients, 25% had myelopathy, 37% had peripheral neuropathy and 38% had mixed disease. Most were aged between 20 and 25 years, lived in socially disadvantaged urban areas, and exhibited high rates of unemployment (37%). The incidence of NI-NDs increased during 2020 and reached a peak mid-2021. The 2021 incidence in 20\u201325-year-olds was 6.15 [4.72; 8.24] per 100,000 persons for NI-myelopathy and 7.48 [5.59; 9.37] for NI-peripheral neuropathy. This was significantly higher than for non-NI-myelitis (0.35 [0.02; 2.00]) and GBS (2.47 [0.64; 4.30]). The incidence of NI-NDs was two to three times higher in the most socially disadvantaged areas.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The recent increase in recreational N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O use has led to a rise in the incidence of severe NI-NDs, particularly in young adults with low socioeconomic status for whom NI-NDs strongly outweigh similar neurological disorders.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-024-12264-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]],"date-time":"2024-03-13T09:06:18Z","timestamp":1710320778000},"page":"3340-3346","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Marked increase in severe neurological disorders after nitrous oxide abuse: a retrospective study in the Greater Paris area"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"271","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7829-1827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yachar","family":"Dawudi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loris","family":"Azoyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas D. 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