{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:22:19Z","timestamp":1786980139415,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715644800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SyNergy"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SyNergy"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ID 390857198"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ID 390857198"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["210592381"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["210592381"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["213904703"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["213904703"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["408885537"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["408885537"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["490846870"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["490846870"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["435874434"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["435874434"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["390857198"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["390857198"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SyNergy\u2014ID 390857198"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SyNergy\u2014ID 390857198"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["528297171"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["528297171"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009394","name":"Faculty of Medicine, Munich University of Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KKF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KKF"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009394","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009394","name":"Faculty of Medicine, Munich University of Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KKF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KKF"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009394","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003493","name":"Gemeinn\u00fctzige Hertie-Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["medMS program"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["medMS program"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003493","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010663","name":"H2020 European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["grant MultipleMS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant MultipleMS"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010663","name":"H2020 European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EU RIA 733161"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EU RIA 733161"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010663","name":"H2020 European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["grant WISDOM"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant WISDOM"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CLINSPECT-M"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CLINSPECT-M"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DIFUTURE (Data Integration for Future Medicine"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DIFUTURE (Data Integration for Future Medicine"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BMBF 01ZZ1804[A-I])"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMBF 01ZZ1804[A-I])"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003042","name":"Else Kr\u00f6ner-Fresenius-Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Else Kr\u00f6ner-Fresenius Exzellenzstipendium"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Else Kr\u00f6ner-Fresenius Exzellenzstipendium"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003042","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005713","name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005713","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While retinal vessel changes are evident in the eyes of patients with relapsing\u2013remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), changes in the vasculature of possible MS mimics such as primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome (pSS) remain to be determined. We investigated the potential of retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography (OCTA) as diagnostic tool to differentiate between patients with RRMS and pSS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This cross-sectional study included patients with RRMS (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200936), pSS (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200936) and healthy controls (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200930). Participants underwent clinical examination, assessment of visual acuity, retinal OCT, OCTA, and serum markers of glial and neuronal damage. We investigated the associations between OCTA parameters, visual functions, and serum markers. Eyes with a history of optic neuritis (ON) were excluded from analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We observed a significant thinning of the combined ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer in the eyes of patients with RRMS but not with pSS, when compared to healthy controls. Retinal vessel densities of the superficial vascular complex (SVC) were reduced in both patients with RRMS and pSS. However, retinal vessel rarefication of the deep vascular complex (DVC) was only evident in patients with pSS but not RRMS. Using multivariate regression analysis, we found that DVC vessel loss in pSS patients was associated with worse visual acuity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared to patients with RRMS, rarefication of deep retinal vessels is a unique characteristic of pSS and associated with worse visual function. Assuming a disease-specific retinal vessel pathology, these data are indicative of a differential affliction of the gliovascular complex in the retina of RRMS and pSS patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-024-12414-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T02:01:56Z","timestamp":1715652116000},"page":"4610-4619","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Optical coherence tomography angiography suggests different retinal pathologies in multiple sclerosis and Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"271","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5845-7438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Wolf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6661-6081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca","family":"Wicklein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7051-124X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lilian","family":"Aly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5803-2190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Schmaderer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3256-5298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali Maisam","family":"Afzali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3605-5906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Mardin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3633-0955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Korn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5985-6784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernhard","family":"Hemmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3126-2877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benedikt","family":"Hofauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4187-9472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Knier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"12414_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70259-X","volume":"13","author":"AT Toosy","year":"2014","unstructured":"Toosy AT, Mason DF, Miller DH (2014) Optic neuritis. Lancet Neurol 13(1):83\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70259-X","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"12414_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1097\/01.icu.0000179804.49842.e2","volume":"16","author":"L Chen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chen L, Gordon LK (2005) Ocular manifestations of multiple sclerosis. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 16(5):315\u2013320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.icu.0000179804.49842.e2","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"11","key":"12414_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1983","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-205375","volume":"74","author":"B Qin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Qin B, Wang J, Yang Z et al (2015) Epidemiology of primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Rheum Dis 74(11):1983\u20131989. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-205375","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"12414_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000001865","volume":"38","author":"EK Akpek","year":"2019","unstructured":"Akpek EK, Bunya VY, Saldanha IJ (2019) Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome: more than just dry eye. Cornea 38(5):658\u2013661. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ICO.0000000000001865","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"12414_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9030363","author":"Y-T Huang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huang Y-T, Lu T-H, Chou P-L, Weng M-Y (2021) Diagnostic delay in patients with primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome: a population-based cohort study in Taiwan. Healthcare (Basel). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/healthcare9030363","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"issue":"6","key":"12414_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0157995","volume":"11","author":"JM Yang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yang JM, Sung MS, Ji YS, Heo H, Park SW (2016) Analysis of clinical factors associated with retinal morphological changes in patients with primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome. PLoS ONE 11(6):e0157995. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0157995","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"12414_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1159\/000488950","volume":"177","author":"P Conigliaro","year":"2018","unstructured":"Conigliaro P, Triggianese P, Draghessi G et al (2018) Evidence for the detection of subclinical retinal involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus and Sj\u00f6gren syndrome: a potential association with therapies. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 177(1):45\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000488950","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"12414_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1128315","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1128315","volume":"14","author":"AM Afzali","year":"2023","unstructured":"Afzali AM, Moog P, Kalluri SR et al (2023) CNS demyelinating events in primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome: a single-center case series on the clinical phenotype. Front Neurol 14:1128315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2023.1128315","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"12414_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.07.026","volume":"122","author":"EK Akpek","year":"2015","unstructured":"Akpek EK, Mathews P, Hahn S et al (2015) Ocular and systemic morbidity in a longitudinal cohort of Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome. Ophthalmology 122(1):56\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.07.026","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"5","key":"12414_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0b013e32833de6ab","volume":"23","author":"J Chai","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chai J, Logigian EL (2010) Neurological manifestations of primary Sjogren\u2019s syndrome. Curr Opin Neurol 23(5):509\u2013513. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/WCO.0b013e32833de6ab","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"12414_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.5935\/0004-2749.20150039","volume":"78","author":"S Arikan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Arikan S, Gokmen F, Comez AT, Gencer B, Kara S, Akbal A (2015) Evaluation of possible factors affecting contrast sensitivity function in patients with primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome. Arq Bras Oftalmol 78(3):150\u2013153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5935\/0004-2749.20150039","journal-title":"Arq Bras Oftalmol"},{"key":"12414_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853930","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.853930","volume":"13","author":"R Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu R, Wang Y, Li Q et al (2022) Optical coherence tomography angiography biomarkers of retinal thickness and microvascular alterations in Sjogren\u2019s syndrome. Front Neurol 13:853930. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2022.853930","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"12414_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.21037\/qims-21-234","volume":"12","author":"Q-C Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang Q-C, Yao F, Li Q-Y et al (2022) Ocular microvascular alteration in Sj\u00f6gren syndrome. Quant Imaging Med Surg 12(2):1324\u20131335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/qims-21-234","journal-title":"Quant Imaging Med Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"12414_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-023-02763-4","volume":"20","author":"S Mohammadi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mohammadi S, Gouravani M, Salehi MA et al (2023) Optical coherence tomography angiography measurements in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neuroinflammation 20(1):85. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-023-02763-4","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"12414_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000001159","author":"L Aly","year":"2022","unstructured":"Aly L, Noll C, Wicklein R et al (2022) Dynamics of retinal vessel loss after acute optic neuritis in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/NXI.0000000000001159","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"issue":"7","key":"12414_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458519845116","volume":"26","author":"OC Murphy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Murphy OC, Kwakyi O, Iftikhar M et al (2020) Alterations in the retinal vasculature occur in multiple sclerosis and exhibit novel correlations with disability and visual function measures. Mult Scler 26(7):815\u2013828. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1352458519845116","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"issue":"2","key":"12414_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458517750009","volume":"25","author":"N Feucht","year":"2019","unstructured":"Feucht N, Maier M, Lepennetier G et al (2019) Optical coherence tomography angiography indicates associations of the retinal vascular network and disease activity in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 25(2):224\u2013234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1352458517750009","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"12414_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-021-02100-9","author":"NP Yener","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yener NP, Ayar K (2021) Evaluation of retinal microvascular structures by optical coherence tomography angiography in primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome. Int Ophthalmol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10792-021-02100-9","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"12414_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39859","volume":"69","author":"CH Shiboski","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shiboski CH, Shiboski SC, Seror R et al (2017) 2016 American College of Rheumatology\/European league against rheumatism classification criteria for primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome: a consensus and data-driven methodology involving three international patient cohorts. Arthritis Rheumatol 69(1):35\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.39859","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"12414_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30470-2","volume":"17","author":"AJ Thompson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Thompson AJ, Banwell BL, Barkhof F et al (2018) Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria. Lancet Neurol 17(2):162\u2013173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30470-2","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"12414_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S31","DOI":"10.4103\/sja.SJA_543_18","volume":"13","author":"S Cuschieri","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cuschieri S (2019) The STROBE guidelines. Saudi J Anaesth 13(Suppl 1):S31\u2013S34. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/sja.SJA_543_18","journal-title":"Saudi J Anaesth"},{"issue":"7","key":"12414_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.0377","volume":"74","author":"B Knier","year":"2017","unstructured":"Knier B, Leppenetier G, Wetzlmair C et al (2017) Association of retinal architecture, intrathecal immunity, and clinical course in multiple sclerosis. JAMA Neurol 74(7):847\u2013856. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.0377","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"12414_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0034823","volume":"7","author":"P Tewarie","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tewarie P, Balk L, Costello F et al (2012) The OSCAR-IB consensus criteria for retinal OCT quality assessment. PLoS ONE 7(4):e34823. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0034823","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"12414_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1159\/000502458","volume":"243","author":"S Hosari","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hosari S, Hohberger B, Theelke L, Sari H, Lucio M, Mardin CY (2020) OCT angiography: measurement of retinal macular microvasculature with spectralis II OCT angiography\u2014reliability and reproducibility. Ophthalmologica 243(1):75\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000502458","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"12414_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000200169","author":"R Wicklein","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wicklein R, Yam C, Noll C et al (2023) The OSCAR-MP consensus criteria for quality assessment of retinal optical coherence tomography angiography. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/NXI.0000000000200169","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"issue":"5","key":"12414_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25462","volume":"85","author":"RC Nolan-Kenney","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nolan-Kenney RC, Liu M, Akhand O et al (2019) Optimal intereye difference thresholds by optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis: an international study. Ann Neurol 85(5):618\u2013629. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.25462","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"12414_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00009-6","volume":"21","author":"P Benkert","year":"2022","unstructured":"Benkert P, Meier S, Schaedelin S et al (2022) Serum neurofilament light chain for individual prognostication of disease activity in people with multiple sclerosis: a retrospective modelling and validation study. Lancet Neurol 21(3):246\u2013257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00009-6","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"24","key":"12414_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2303","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002774","volume":"86","author":"A Cruz-Herranz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cruz-Herranz A, Balk LJ, Oberwahrenbrock T et al (2016) The APOSTEL recommendations for reporting quantitative optical coherence tomography studies. Neurology 86(24):2303\u20132309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002774","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"10","key":"12414_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30278-8","volume":"16","author":"A Petzold","year":"2017","unstructured":"Petzold A, Balcer LJ, Calabresi PA et al (2017) Retinal layer segmentation in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Neurol 16(10):797\u2013812. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30278-8","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"12414_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-014-0327-3","volume":"58","author":"JM Yang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yang JM, Heo H, Park SW (2014) Relationship between retinal morphological findings and autoantibody profile in primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome. Jpn J Ophthalmol 58(4):359\u2013368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10384-014-0327-3","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"12","key":"12414_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458511418630","volume":"17","author":"S Saidha","year":"2011","unstructured":"Saidha S, Syc SB, Durbin MK et al (2011) Visual dysfunction in multiple sclerosis correlates better with optical coherence tomography derived estimates of macular ganglion cell layer thickness than peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness. Mult Scler 17(12):1449\u20131463. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1352458511418630","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"12414_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10010088","author":"A Boned-Murillo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Boned-Murillo A, Albertos-Arranz H, Diaz-Barreda MD et al (2021) Optical coherence tomography angiography in diabetic patients: a systematic review. Biomedicines. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines10010088","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"8","key":"12414_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-020-01388-3","volume":"40","author":"F Pichi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pichi F, Woodstock E, Hay S, Neri P (2020) Optical coherence tomography angiography findings in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with no ocular disease. Int Ophthalmol 40(8):2111\u20132118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10792-020-01388-3","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"12414_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102806","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2022.102806","volume":"38","author":"OA Polat","year":"2022","unstructured":"Polat OA, Ok\u00e7u M, Y\u0131lmaz M (2022) Hydroxychloroquine treatment alters retinal layers and choroid without apparent toxicity in optical coherence tomography. Photodiagn Photodyn Ther 38:102806. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2022.102806","journal-title":"Photodiagn Photodyn Ther"},{"key":"12414_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204062232311644","DOI":"10.1177\/20406223231164498","volume":"14","author":"C Yu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yu C, Zou J, Ge Q-M et al (2023) Ocular microvascular alteration in Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome treated with hydroxychloroquine: an OCTA clinical study. Therc Adv Chron Dis 14:20406223231164496. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/20406223231164498","journal-title":"Therc Adv Chron Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"12414_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3399","DOI":"10.4103\/IJO.IJO_740_23","volume":"71","author":"JB Vasilijevi\u0107","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vasilijevi\u0107 JB, Kova\u010devi\u0107 IM, Dijana R, Da\u010di\u0107 B, Mari\u0107 G, Stanojlovi\u0107 S (2023) Optical coherence tomography angiography parameters in patients taking hydroxychloroquine therapy. Indian J Ophthalmol 71(10):3399\u20133405. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/IJO.IJO_740_23","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"12414_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721221076313","author":"L Remol\u00ed Sargues","year":"2022","unstructured":"Remol\u00ed Sargues L, Monferrer Adsuara C, Castro Navarro V et al (2022) New insights in pathogenic mechanism of hydroxychloroquine retinal toxicity through optical coherence tomography angiography analysis. Eur J Ophthalmol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/11206721221076313","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"7","key":"12414_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-212045","volume":"77","author":"A Bischof","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bischof A, Manigold T, Barro C et al (2018) Serum neurofilament light chain: a biomarker of neuronal injury in vasculitic neuropathy. Ann Rheum Dis 77(7):1093\u20131094. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-212045","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"12414_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9051482","author":"M Butryn","year":"2020","unstructured":"Butryn M, Neumann J, Rolfes L et al (2020) Clinical, radiological, and laboratory features of spinal cord involvement in primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome. J Clin Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm9051482","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"12414_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24954","volume":"81","author":"G Disanto","year":"2017","unstructured":"Disanto G, Barro C, Benkert P et al (2017) Serum Neurofilament light: a biomarker of neuronal damage in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 81(6):857\u2013870. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.24954","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"10","key":"12414_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2954","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab241","volume":"144","author":"S Bittner","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bittner S, Oh J, Havrdov\u00e1 EK, Tintor\u00e9 M, Zipp F (2021) The potential of serum neurofilament as biomarker for multiple sclerosis. Brain 144(10):2954\u20132963. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awab241","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"23","key":"12414_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2457","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000009571","volume":"94","author":"A Manouchehrinia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Manouchehrinia A, Stridh P, Khademi M et al (2020) Plasma neurofilament light levels are associated with risk of disability in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 94(23):e2457\u2013e2467. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000009571","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"12414_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458518819380","volume":"26","author":"H H\u00f6gel","year":"2020","unstructured":"H\u00f6gel H, Rissanen E, Barro C et al (2020) Serum glial fibrillary acidic protein correlates with multiple sclerosis disease severity. Mult Scler 26(2):210\u2013219. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1352458518819380","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"12414_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42201","DOI":"10.1038\/srep42201","volume":"7","author":"JP Campbell","year":"2017","unstructured":"Campbell JP, Zhang M, Hwang TS et al (2017) Detailed vascular anatomy of the human retina by projection-resolved optical coherence tomography angiography. Sci Rep 7:42201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep42201","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"12414_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24030","volume":"75","author":"I Gabilondo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gabilondo I, Mart\u00ednez-Lapiscina EH, Mart\u00ednez-Heras E et al (2014) Trans-synaptic axonal degeneration in the visual pathway in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 75(1):98\u2013107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.24030","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"12414_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306902","volume":"85","author":"LJ Balk","year":"2014","unstructured":"Balk LJ, Twisk JWR, Steenwijk MD et al (2014) A dam for retrograde axonal degeneration in multiple sclerosis? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 85(7):782\u2013789. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306902","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"12414_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997043","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.997043","volume":"13","author":"C Noll","year":"2022","unstructured":"Noll C, Hiltensperger M, Aly L et al (2022) Association of the retinal vasculature, intrathecal immunity, and disability in multiple sclerosis. Front Immunol 13:997043. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.997043","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"12414_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2013.110","volume":"9","author":"G Nocturne","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nocturne G, Mariette X (2013) Advances in understanding the pathogenesis of primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome. Nat Rev Rheumatol 9(9):544\u2013556. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrrheum.2013.110","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"12414_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2019.10.004","volume":"65","author":"O Bjordal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bjordal O, Norheim KB, R\u00f8dahl E, Jonsson R, Omdal R (2020) Primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome and the eye. Surv Ophthalmol 65(2):119\u2013132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.survophthal.2019.10.004","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"12414_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15555","volume":"30","author":"A Liampas","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liampas A, Parperis K, Erotocritou MF et al (2023) Primary Sj\u00f6gren syndrome-related peripheral neuropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Neurol 30(1):255\u2013265. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ene.15555","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"12414_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12552002","volume":"80","author":"EL Alexander","year":"1983","unstructured":"Alexander EL, Provost TT (1983) Cutaneous manifestations of primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome: a reflection of vasculitis and association with anti-Ro(SSA) antibodies. J Invest Dermatol 80(5):386\u2013391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12552002","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"12414_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9394(14)73373-2","volume":"100","author":"SG Farmer","year":"1985","unstructured":"Farmer SG, Kinyoun JL, Nelson JL, Wener MH (1985) Retinal vasculitis associated with autoantibodies to Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome A antigen. Am J Ophthalmol 100(6):814\u2013821. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0002-9394(14)73373-2","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"12414_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0000000000001128","volume":"27","author":"G Fan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fan G, Dai F, Chen S et al (2021) Neurological involvement in patients with primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome. J Clin Rheumatol 27(2):50\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/RHU.0000000000001128","journal-title":"J Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"12414_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.110619","volume":"69","author":"R Seror","year":"2010","unstructured":"Seror R, Ravaud P, Bowman SJ et al (2010) EULAR Sjogren\u2019s syndrome disease activity index: development of a consensus systemic disease activity index for primary Sjogren\u2019s syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 69(6):1103\u20131109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard.2009.110619","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-024-12414-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00415-024-12414-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-024-12414-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,9]],"date-time":"2024-07-09T06:43:06Z","timestamp":1720507386000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00415-024-12414-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["12414"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-024-12414-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-5354","1432-1459"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-5354","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1459","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 January 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 April 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 April 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 May 2024","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Elisabeth Wolf has no conflicts of interest. Rebecca Wicklein received a poster award from Novartis. Lilian Aly received a research grant and poster award by Novartis, travel grants by Novartis, Sanofi and Horizon therapeutics and honoraria by Novartis and Hexal. Christoph Schmaderer received travel support and speaking honoraria from Amgen and Alexion. He serves on advisory boards for Astra Zeneca and Alexion. None is in relation to this work. Ali Maisam Afzali has no conflicts of interest. Christian Mardin acted as advisor to Heidelberg Engineering. Thomas Korn has no conflicts of interest. Bernhard Hemmer has no conflicts of interest related to this study, but has served on scientific advisory boards for Novartis; he has served as DMSC member for AllergyCare, Sandoz, Polpharma, Biocon and TG therapeutics; he or his institution have received speaker honoraria from Desitin; his institution received research grants from Regeneron and Roche for multiple sclerosis research. He has received honoraria from GLG consulting. He holds part of two patents; one for the detection of antibodies against KIR4.1 in a subpopulation of patients with multiple sclerosis and one for genetic determinants of neutralizing antibodies to interferon. All conflicts are not relevant to the topic of the study. Benedikt Hofauer has no conflicts of interest. Benjamin Knier received travel support and speaking honoraria from Novartis Deutschland GmbH, Teva Deutschland, Merck, and Heidelberg Engineering and served at the advisory board of Merck. He received a research grant from Novartis.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}]}}