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Information on body mass index (BMI), smoking, and history of head injuries, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension was obtained through the Euro-MOTOR questionnaire at recruitment. Patients were followed from diagnosis until death, invasive ventilation, or November 30, 2022.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Higher BMI at recruitment was associated with lower risk for ALS (OR 0.89, 95%CI 0.83\u20130.95), especially among those diagnosed after 65\u00a0years. One unit increase in the average BMI during the 3 decades before diagnosis was associated with a lower risk for ALS (OR 0.94, 95%CI 0.89\u20130.99). Diabetes was associated with lower risk of ALS (OR 0.38, 95%CI 0.16\u20130.90), while hypercholesterolemia was associated with higher risk of ALS (OR 2.10, 95%CI 1.13\u20133.90). Higher BMI at diagnosis was associated with lower risk of death (HR 0.91, 95%CI 0.84\u20130.98), while the highest level of smoking exposure (in pack-years) (HR 1.90, 95%CI 1.20\u20133.00), hypercholesterolemia (HR 1.84, 95%CI 1.06\u20133.19), and hypertension (HR 1.76, 95%CI 1.03\u20133.01) were associated with higher risk of death, following ALS diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Higher BMI and diabetes were associated with lower risk of ALS. Higher BMI was associated with lower risk of death, whereas smoking (especially in high pack-years), hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension were associated with higher risk of death after ALS diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-024-12496-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,15]],"date-time":"2024-06-15T07:02:42Z","timestamp":1718434962000},"page":"5447-5459","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Lifestyle and medical conditions in relation to ALS risk and progression\u2014an introduction to the Swedish ALSrisc Study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"271","author":[{"given":"Charilaos","family":"Chourpiliadis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Seitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anik\u00f3","family":"Lovik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily E.","family":"Joyce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yihan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulf","family":"Kl\u00e4ppe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin","family":"Samuelsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rayomand","family":"Press","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Ingre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3310-6456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fang","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"12496_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00414-2","volume":"21","author":"SA Goutman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Goutman SA, Hardiman O, Al-Chalabi A et al (2022) Emerging insights into the complex genetics and pathophysiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 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She is also a board member of Tobii Dynavox and a board member of the Stiching TRICALS Foundation; all outside the submitted work.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interests"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (DNRs: 2014\u20131815-31\u20134, 2018\u20131605-31, and 2021\u201306397-02). Oral and written informed consent was collected from all study participants.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}