{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T22:15:21Z","timestamp":1790115321873,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,23]],"date-time":"2024-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719100800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,23]],"date-time":"2024-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-024-12512-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,23]],"date-time":"2024-06-23T16:01:26Z","timestamp":1719158486000},"page":"5762-5777","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Effectiveness and safety of pharmacological prophylaxis for chronic migraine: a systematic review and network meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"271","author":[{"given":"Chengqi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changxin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueping","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"12512_CR1","unstructured":"(2018) Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS) The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition. Cephalalgia 38:1\u2013211"},{"key":"12512_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13914","volume":"60","author":"RB Lipton","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lipton RB, Seng EK, Chu MK, Reed ML, Fanning KM, Adams AM, Buse DC (2020) The effect of psychiatric comorbidities on headache-related disability in migraine: results from the chronic migraine epidemiology and outcomes (CaMEO) study. Headache 60:1683\u20131696","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"12512_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2016.93","volume":"12","author":"A May","year":"2016","unstructured":"May A, Schulte LH (2016) Chronic migraine: risk factors, mechanisms and treatment. Nat Rev Neurol 12:455\u2013464","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"12512_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2009.192492","volume":"81","author":"DC Buse","year":"2010","unstructured":"Buse DC, Manack A, Serrano D, Turkel C, Lipton RB (2010) Sociodemographic and comorbidity profiles of chronic migraine and episodic migraine sufferers. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 81:428\u2013432","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"12512_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-020-1084-y","volume":"21","author":"DC Buse","year":"2020","unstructured":"Buse DC, Reed ML, Fanning KM, Bostic R, Dodick DW, Schwedt TJ, Munjal S, Singh P, Lipton RB (2020) Comorbid and co-occurring conditions in migraine and associated risk of increasing headache pain intensity and headache frequency: results of the migraine in America symptoms and treatment (MAST) study. J Headache Pain 21:23","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"key":"12512_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-019-1038-4","volume":"20","author":"EC Agostoni","year":"2019","unstructured":"Agostoni EC, Barbanti P, Calabresi P, Colombo B, Cortelli P, Frediani F, Geppetti P, Grazzi L, Leone M, Martelletti P, Pini LA, Prudenzano MP, Sarchielli P, Tedeschi G, Russo A (2019) Current and emerging evidence-based treatment options in chronic migraine: a narrative review. J Headache Pain 20:92","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"key":"12512_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000323925.29520.e7","volume":"71","author":"ME Bigal","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bigal ME, Serrano D, Reed M, Lipton RB (2008) Chronic migraine in the population: burden, diagnosis, and satisfaction with treatment. Neurology 71:559\u2013566","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"12512_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102414547138","volume":"35","author":"Z Hepp","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hepp Z, Dodick DW, Varon SF, Gillard P, Hansen RN, Devine EB (2015) Adherence to oral migraine-preventive medications among patients with chronic migraine. Cephalalgia 35:478\u2013488","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"12512_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102410364676","volume":"30","author":"SK Aurora","year":"2010","unstructured":"Aurora SK, Dodick DW, Turkel CC, DeGryse RE, Silberstein SD, Lipton RB, Diener HC, Brin MF (2010) OnabotulinumtoxinA for treatment of chronic migraine: results from the double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase of the PREEMPT 1 trial. Cephalalgia 30:793\u2013803","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"12512_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00249-5","volume":"14","author":"ME Bigal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bigal ME, Dodick DW, Rapoport AM, Silberstein SD, Ma Y, Yang R, Loupe PS, Burstein R, Newman LC, Lipton RB (2015) Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of TEV-48125 for preventive treatment of high-frequency episodic migraine: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2b study. Lancet Neurol 14:1081\u20131090","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"12512_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-018-0894-6","volume":"78","author":"JE Frampton","year":"2018","unstructured":"Frampton JE, Silberstein S (2018) OnabotulinumtoxinA: a review in the prevention of chronic migraine. Drugs 78:589\u2013600","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"12512_CR12","first-page":"1003","volume":"11","author":"R Gooriah","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gooriah R, Ahmed F (2015) OnabotulinumtoxinA for chronic migraine: a critical appraisal. Ther Clin Risk Manag 11:1003\u20131013","journal-title":"Ther Clin Risk Manag"},{"key":"12512_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1709038","volume":"377","author":"SD Silberstein","year":"2017","unstructured":"Silberstein SD, Dodick DW, Bigal ME, Yeung PP, Goadsby PJ, Blankenbiller T, Grozinski-Wolff M, Yang R, Ma Y, Aycardi E (2017) Fremanezumab for the preventive treatment of chronic migraine. N Engl J Med 377:2113\u20132122","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"12512_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2006.00684.x","volume":"47","author":"SD Silberstein","year":"2007","unstructured":"Silberstein SD, Lipton RB, Dodick DW, Freitag FG, Ramadan N, Mathew N, Brandes JL, Bigal M, Saper J, Ascher S, Jordan DM, Greenberg SJ, Hulihan J (2007) Efficacy and safety of topiramate for the treatment of chronic migraine: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Headache 47:170\u2013180","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"12512_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-018-0955-y","volume":"20","author":"S Sacco","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sacco S, Bendtsen L, Ashina M, Reuter U, Terwindt G, Mitsikostas DD, Martelletti P (2019) European headache federation guideline on the use of monoclonal antibodies acting on the calcitonin gene related peptide or its receptor for migraine prevention. J Headache Pain 20:6","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"key":"12512_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2020.01.031","volume":"133","author":"BL Spindler","year":"2020","unstructured":"Spindler BL, Ryan M (2020) Medications approved for preventing migraine headaches. Am J Med 133:664\u2013667","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"12512_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins15050332","volume":"15","author":"MT Corasaniti","year":"2023","unstructured":"Corasaniti MT, Bagetta G, Nicotera P, Tarsitano A, Tonin P, Sandrini G, Lawrence GW, Scuteri D (2023) Safety of Onabotulinumtoxin A in chronic migraine: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Toxins (Basel) 15:332","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"12512_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1177\/03331024211018137","volume":"41","author":"F Frank","year":"2021","unstructured":"Frank F, Ulmer H, Sidoroff V, Broessner G (2021) CGRP-antibodies, topiramate and botulinum toxin type A in episodic and chronic migraine: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cephalalgia 41:1222\u20131239","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"12512_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333102423115692","DOI":"10.1177\/03331024231156922","volume":"43","author":"S Giri","year":"2023","unstructured":"Giri S, Tronvik E, Linde M, Pedersen SA, Hagen K (2023) Randomized controlled studies evaluating Topiramate, Botulinum toxin type A, and mABs targeting CGRP in patients with chronic migraine and medication overuse headache: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cephalalgia 43:3331024231156922","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"12512_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-023-01594-1","volume":"24","author":"C Lampl","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lampl C, MaassenVanDenBrink A, Deligianni CI, Gil-Gouveia R, Jassal T, Sanchez-Del-Rio M, Reuter U, Uluduz D, Versijpt J, Zeraatkar D, Sacco S (2023) The comparative effectiveness of migraine preventive drugs: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Headache Pain 24:56","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"key":"12512_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-2385","volume":"162","author":"B Hutton","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hutton B, Salanti G, Caldwell DM, Chaimani A, Schmid CH, Cameron C, Ioannidis JP, Straus S, Thorlund K, Jansen JP, Mulrow C, Catal\u00e1-L\u00f3pez F, G\u00f8tzsche PC, Dickersin K, Boutron I, Altman DG, Moher D (2015) The PRISMA extension statement for reporting of systematic reviews incorporating network meta-analyses of health care interventions: checklist and explanations. Ann Intern Med 162:777\u2013784","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"12512_CR22","volume":"366","author":"JAC Sterne","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sterne JAC, Savovi\u0107 J, Page MJ, Elbers RG, Blencowe NS, Boutron I, Cates CJ, Cheng HY, Corbett MS, Eldridge SM, Emberson JR, Hern\u00e1n MA, Hopewell S, Hr\u00f3bjartsson A, Junqueira DR, J\u00fcni P, Kirkham JJ, Lasserson T, Li T, McAleenan A, Reeves BC, Shepperd S, Shrier I, Stewart LA, Tilling K, White IR, Whiting PF, Higgins JPT (2019) RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ 366:l4898","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"12512_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wnf.0000192136.46145.44","volume":"28","author":"M Bartolini","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bartolini M, Silvestrini M, Taffi R, Lanciotti C, Luconi R, Capecci M, Provinciali L (2005) Efficacy of topiramate and valproate in chronic migraine. Clin Neuropharmacol 28:277\u2013279","journal-title":"Clin Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"12512_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002801","volume":"87","author":"ME Bigal","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bigal ME, Dodick DW, Krymchantowski AV, VanderPluym JH, Tepper SJ, Aycardi E, Loupe PS, Ma Y, Goadsby PJ (2016) TEV-48125 for the preventive treatment of chronic migraine: efficacy at early time points. Neurology 87:41\u201348","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"12512_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1177\/03331024211047454","volume":"42","author":"D Chowdhury","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chowdhury D, Bansal L, Duggal A, Datta D, Mundra A, Krishnan A, Koul A, Gupta A (2022) TOP-PRO study: a randomized double-blind controlled trial of topiramate versus propranolol for prevention of chronic migraine. Cephalalgia 42:396\u2013408","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"12512_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2211","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006640","volume":"91","author":"HC Detke","year":"2018","unstructured":"Detke HC, Goadsby PJ, Wang S, Friedman DI, Selzler KJ, Aurora SK (2018) Galcanezumab in chronic migraine: the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled REGAIN study. Neurology 91:e2211\u2013e2221","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"12512_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2007.01326.x","volume":"27","author":"HC Diener","year":"2007","unstructured":"Diener HC, Bussone G, Van Oene JC, Lahaye M, Schwalen S, Goadsby PJ (2007) Topiramate reduces headache days in chronic migraine: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Cephalalgia 27:814\u2013823","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"12512_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102419858355","volume":"39","author":"DW Dodick","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dodick DW, Lipton RB, Silberstein S, Goadsby PJ, Biondi D, Hirman J, Cady R, Smith J (2019) Eptinezumab for prevention of chronic migraine: a randomized phase 2b clinical trial. Cephalalgia 39:1075\u20131085","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"12512_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-020-02623-1","volume":"30","author":"J Ford","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ford J, Tassorelli C, Leroux E, Wang S, Ayer D, Nichols R, Detke H (2021) Changes in patient functioning and disability: results from a phase 3, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluating galcanezumab for chronic migraine prevention (REGAIN). Qual Life Res 30:105\u2013115","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"12512_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2007.00963.x","volume":"48","author":"FG Freitag","year":"2008","unstructured":"Freitag FG, Diamond S, Diamond M, Urban G (2008) Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of chronic migraine without medication overuse. Headache 48:201\u2013209","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"12512_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5133","DOI":"10.4081\/ni.2014.5133","volume":"6","author":"L Hollanda","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hollanda L, Monteiro L, Melo A (2014) Botulinum toxin type a for cephalic cutaneous allodynia in chronic migraine: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Neurol Int 6:5133","journal-title":"Neurol Int"},{"key":"12512_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12626","volume":"135","author":"KL Lai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lai KL, Niddam DM, Fuh JL, Chen SP, Wang YF, Chen WT, Wu JC, Wang SJ (2017) Flunarizine versus topiramate for chronic migraine prophylaxis: a randomized trial. Acta Neurol Scand 135:476\u2013483","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"12512_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1365","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.94.15_supplement.1365","volume":"94","author":"RB Lipton","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lipton RB, Goadsby PJ, Smith J, Schaeffler BA, Biondi DM, Hirman J, Pederson S, Allan B, Cady R (2020) Efficacy and safety of eptinezumab in patients with chronic migraine: PROMISE-2. Neurology 94:e1365\u2013e1377","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"12512_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2009.01566.x","volume":"49","author":"NT Mathew","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mathew NT, Jaffri SF (2009) A double-blind comparison of onabotulinumtoxina (BOTOX) and topiramate (TOPAMAX) for the prophylactic treatment of chronic migraine: a pilot study. Headache 49:1466\u20131478","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"12512_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1097\/01.WNF.000022888.49044.99","volume":"29","author":"D Mei","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mei D, Ferraro D, Zelano G, Capuano A, Vollono C, Gabriele C, Di Trapani G (2006) Topiramate and triptans revert chronic migraine with medication overuse to episodic migraine. Clin Neuropharmacol 29:269\u2013275","journal-title":"Clin Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"12512_CR36","first-page":"196","volume":"8","author":"B Naderinabi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Naderinabi B, Saberi A, Hashemi M, Haghighi M, Biazar G, Abolhasan Gharehdaghi F, Sedighinejad A, Chavoshi T (2017) Acupuncture and botulinum toxin A injection in the treatment of chronic migraine: a randomized controlled study. Caspian J Intern Med 8:196\u2013204","journal-title":"Caspian J Intern Med"},{"key":"12512_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz052","volume":"142","author":"JA Pijpers","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pijpers JA, Kies DA, Louter MA, van Zwet EW, Ferrari MD, Terwindt GM (2019) Acute withdrawal and botulinum toxin A in chronic migraine with medication overuse: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Brain 142:1203\u20131214","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"12512_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13653","volume":"59","author":"JF Rothrock","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rothrock JF, Adams AM, Lipton RB, Silberstein SD, Jo E, Zhao X, Blumenfeld AM (2019) FORWARD study: evaluating the comparative effectiveness of OnabotulinumtoxinA and topiramate for headache prevention in adults with chronic migraine. Headache 59:1700\u20131713","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"12512_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14169","volume":"61","author":"F Sakai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sakai F, Suzuki N, Kim BK, Igarashi H, Hirata K, Takeshima T, Ning X, Shima T, Ishida M, Iba K, Kondo H, Koga N (2021) Efficacy and safety of fremanezumab for chronic migraine prevention: multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial in Japanese and Korean patients. Headache 61:1092\u20131101","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"12512_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-020-01186-3","volume":"21","author":"S Silberstein","year":"2020","unstructured":"Silberstein S, Diamond M, Hindiyeh NA, Biondi DM, Cady R, Hirman J, Allan B, Pederson S, Schaeffler B, Smith J (2020) Eptinezumab for the prevention of chronic migraine: efficacy and safety through 24 weeks of treatment in the phase 3 PROMISE-2 (Prevention of migraine via intravenous ALD403 safety and efficacy-2) study. J Headache Pain 21:120","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"key":"12512_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2009.01508.x","volume":"49","author":"S Silberstein","year":"2009","unstructured":"Silberstein S, Lipton R, Dodick D, Freitag F, Mathew N, Brandes J, Bigal M, Ascher S, Morein J, Wright P, Greenberg S, Hulihan J (2009) Topiramate treatment of chronic migraine: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of quality of life and other efficacy measures. Headache 49:1153\u20131162","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"12512_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30083-2","volume":"16","author":"S Tepper","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tepper S, Ashina M, Reuter U, Brandes JL, Dole\u017eil D, Silberstein S, Winner P, Leonardi D, Mikol D, Lenz R (2017) Safety and efficacy of erenumab for preventive treatment of chronic migraine: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial. Lancet Neurol 16:425\u2013434","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"12512_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13754","volume":"60","author":"PK Winner","year":"2020","unstructured":"Winner PK, Kabbouche M, Yonker M, Wangsadipura V, Lum A, Brin MF (2020) A randomized trial to evaluate OnabotulinumtoxinA for prevention of headaches in adolescents with chronic migraine. Headache 60:564\u2013575","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"12512_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-022-01514-9","volume":"23","author":"S Yu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yu S, Kim BK, Wang H, Zhou J, Wan Q, Yu T, Lian Y, Arkuszewski M, Ecochard L, Wen S, Yin F, Li Z, Su W, Wang SJ (2022) A phase 3, randomised, placebo-controlled study of erenumab for the prevention of chronic migraine in patients from Asia: the DRAGON study. J Headache Pain 23:146","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"key":"12512_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-018-0921-8","volume":"19","author":"L Bendtsen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bendtsen L, Sacco S, Ashina M, Mitsikostas D, Ahmed F, Pozo-Rosich P, Martelletti P (2018) Guideline on the use of onabotulinumtoxinA in chronic migraine: a consensus statement from the European Headache Federation. J Headache Pain 19:91","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"key":"12512_CR46","volume":"9","author":"CP Herd","year":"2019","unstructured":"Herd CP, Tomlinson CL, Rick C, Scotton WJ, Edwards J, Ives NJ, Clarke CE, Sinclair AJ (2019) Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis of botulinum toxin for the prevention of migraine. BMJ Open 9:e027953","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"12512_CR47","volume":"11","author":"C Hu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hu C, Zhang Y, Tan G (2021) Advances in topiramate as prophylactic treatment for migraine. Brain Behav 11:e2290","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"key":"12512_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Durham PL, Cady R, Cady R (2004) Regulation of calcitonin gene-related peptide secretion from trigeminal nerve cells by botulinum toxin type A: implications for migraine therapy. Headache 44:35\u201342; discussion 42\u201333","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2004.04007.x"},{"key":"12512_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21338","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)36614-1","volume":"267","author":"HT McMahon","year":"1992","unstructured":"McMahon HT, Foran P, Dolly JO, Verhage M, Wiegant VM, Nicholls DG (1992) Tetanus toxin and botulinum toxins type A and B inhibit glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid, aspartate, and met-enkephalin release from synaptosomes. Clues to the locus of action. J Biol Chem 267:21338\u201321343","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"12512_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(00)00260-4","volume":"59","author":"J Purkiss","year":"2000","unstructured":"Purkiss J, Welch M, Doward S, Foster K (2000) Capsaicin-stimulated release of substance P from cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons: involvement of two distinct mechanisms. Biochem Pharmacol 59:1403\u20131406","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"12512_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13849","volume":"60","author":"R Burstein","year":"2020","unstructured":"Burstein R, Blumenfeld AM, Silberstein SD, Manack Adams A, Brin MF (2020) Mechanism of action of OnabotulinumtoxinA in chronic migraine: a narrative review. Headache 60:1259\u20131272","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"12512_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2639","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-021-01128-0","volume":"18","author":"CP Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang CP, Zeng BY, Chang CM, Shih PH, Yang CC, Tseng PT, Wang SJ (2021) Comparative effectiveness and tolerability of the pharmacology of monoclonal antibodies targeting the calcitonin gene-related peptide and its receptor for the prevention of chronic migraine: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Neurotherapeutics 18:2639\u20132650","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"12512_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-10543-z","volume":"21","author":"ML Jackson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jackson ML, Ferdinands J, Nowalk MP, Zimmerman RK, Kieke B, Gaglani M, Murthy K, Petrie JG, Martin ET, Chung JR, Flannery B, Jackson LA (2021) Differences between Frequentist and Bayesian inference in routine surveillance for influenza vaccine effectiveness: a test-negative case-control study. BMC Public Health 21:516","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"12512_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbz100","volume":"75","author":"SD Neupert","year":"2020","unstructured":"Neupert SD, Hannig J (2020) BFF: Bayesian, Fiducial, Frequentist analysis of age effects in daily diary data. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 75:67\u201379","journal-title":"J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci"},{"key":"12512_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1080\/14740338.2021.1942839","volume":"20","author":"A Tinsley","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tinsley A, Rothrock JF (2021) Safety and tolerability of preventive treatment options for chronic migraine. Expert Opin Drug Saf 20:1523\u20131533","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Saf"},{"key":"12512_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1590\/0004-282X20130066","volume":"71","author":"AR Giacomozzi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Giacomozzi AR, Vindas AP, Silva AA Jr, Bordini CA, Buonanotte CF, Roesler CA, Brito CM, Perez C, Carvalho Dde S, Macedo DD, Piovesan EJ, Sarmento EM, Melhado EM, \u00c9ckeli FD, Kowacs F, Sobrino F, Rabello GD, Rada G, Souza JA, Casanovas JR, Dur\u00e1n JC, Calia LC, Medina LR, Queiroz LP, Ciciarelli MC, Valen\u00e7a MM, Cusicanqui M, Jimenez MK, Goycochea MT, Peres MF, Sandoval MV, Vincent MB, Gomes MV, Diez M, Aranaga N, Barrientos N, Kowacs PA, Filho PF (2013) Latin American consensus on guidelines for chronic migraine treatment. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 71:478\u2013486","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"key":"12512_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.2000.tb02170.x","volume":"41","author":"RJ DeLorenzo","year":"2000","unstructured":"DeLorenzo RJ, Sombati S, Coulter DA (2000) Effects of topiramate on sustained repetitive firing and spontaneous recurrent seizure discharges in cultured hippocampal neurons. Epilepsia 41:40\u201344","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"12512_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30478-1","volume":"391","author":"DW Dodick","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dodick DW (2018) Migraine. Lancet 391:1315\u20131330","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"12512_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2006.00538.x","volume":"46","author":"PL Durham","year":"2006","unstructured":"Durham PL, Niemann C, Cady R (2006) Repression of stimulated calcitonin gene-related peptide secretion by topiramate. Headache 46:1291\u20131295","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"12512_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.2000.tb02166.x","volume":"41","author":"MJ McLean","year":"2000","unstructured":"McLean MJ, Bukhari AA, Wamil AW (2000) Effects of topiramate on sodium-dependent action-potential firing by mouse spinal cord neurons in cell culture. Epilepsia 41:21\u201324","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"12512_CR61","first-page":"S48","volume":"45","author":"HS White","year":"2005","unstructured":"White HS (2005) Molecular pharmacology of topiramate: managing seizures and preventing migraine. Headache 45(Suppl 1):S48\u2013S56","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"12512_CR62","first-page":"10","volume":"41","author":"JW Gibbs 3rd","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gibbs JW 3rd, Sombati S, DeLorenzo RJ, Coulter DA (2000) Cellular actions of topiramate: blockade of kainate-evoked inward currents in cultured hippocampal neurons. Epilepsia 41:10\u201316","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"12512_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.2000.tb02171.x","volume":"41","author":"S Skradski","year":"2000","unstructured":"Skradski S, White HS (2000) Topiramate blocks kainate-evoked cobalt influx into cultured neurons. Epilepsia 41:45\u201347","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"12512_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-1211(97)00045-4","volume":"28","author":"HS White","year":"1997","unstructured":"White HS, Brown SD, Woodhead JH, Skeen GA, Wolf HH (1997) Topiramate enhances GABA-mediated chloride flux and GABA-evoked chloride currents in murine brain neurons and increases seizure threshold. Epilepsy Res 28:167\u2013179","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"key":"12512_CR65","volume":"12","author":"A Abu-Zaid","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abu-Zaid A, AlBatati SK, AlHossan AM, AlMatrody RA, AlGzi A, Al-Sharief RA, Alsobyani FM, Almubarak AF, Alatiyah NS (2020) Galcanezumab for the management of migraine: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Cureus 12:e11621","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"12512_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-020-01127-0","volume":"21","author":"G Lambru","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lambru G, Hill B, Murphy M, Tylova I, Andreou AP (2020) A prospective real-world analysis of erenumab in refractory chronic migraine. J Headache Pain 21:61","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"key":"12512_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333102423115216","DOI":"10.1177\/03331024231152169","volume":"43","author":"R Messina","year":"2023","unstructured":"Messina R, Huessler EM, Puledda F, Haghdoost F, Lebedeva ER, Diener HC (2023) Safety and tolerability of monoclonal antibodies targeting the CGRP pathway and gepants in migraine prevention: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Cephalalgia 43:3331024231152169","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"12512_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.12618","volume":"80","author":"L Edvinsson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Edvinsson L (2015) CGRP receptor antagonists and antibodies against CGRP and its receptor in migraine treatment. Br J Clin Pharmacol 80:193\u2013199","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-024-12512-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00415-024-12512-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-024-12512-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T12:17:28Z","timestamp":1725538648000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00415-024-12512-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,23]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["12512"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-024-12512-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-5354","1432-1459"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-5354","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1459","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 March 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 June 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 June 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 June 2024","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}]}}