{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T18:50:31Z","timestamp":1773946231757,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,9]],"date-time":"2024-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720483200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,9]],"date-time":"2024-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005614","name":"Biogen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["109MS001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["109MS001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005614","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-024-12514-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,9]],"date-time":"2024-07-09T05:01:50Z","timestamp":1720501310000},"page":"5899-5910","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Dimethyl fumarate preserves brainstem and cervical spinal cord integrity in radiologically isolated syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"271","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6499-1523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Darin T.","family":"Okuda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina J.","family":"Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Pelletier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatum M.","family":"Moog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saeed","family":"Moazami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sepideh","family":"Rezvani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Bovis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Pia","family":"Sormani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aksel","family":"Siva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Orhun","family":"Kantarci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Lebrun-Fr\u00e9nay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the ARISE Study Investigators","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lilyana","family":"Amezcua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina J","family":"Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stacy","family":"Donlon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Le H","family":"Hua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ellen M","family":"Mowry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert T","family":"Naismith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Okai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Darin T","family":"Okuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Pardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pavle","family":"Repovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olaf","family":"St\u00fcve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wendy S","family":"Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"12514_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2019.2399","volume":"76","author":"M Absinta","year":"2019","unstructured":"Absinta M, Sati P, Masuzzo F, Nair G, Sethi V, Kolb H, Ohayon J, Wu T, Cortese ICM, Reich DS (2019) Association of chronic active multiple sclerosis lesions with disability in vivo. JAMA Neurol 76:1474\u20131483","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"12514_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e102","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000102","volume":"2","author":"CJ Azevedo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Azevedo CJ, Overton E, Khadka S, Buckley J, Liu S, Sampat M, Kantarci O, Lebrun Frenay C, Siva A, Okuda DT, Pelletier D (2015) Early CNS neurodegeneration in radiologically isolated syndrome. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2:e102","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"12514_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26281","volume":"91","author":"A Bischof","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bischof A, Papinutto N, Keshavan A, Rajesh A, Kirkish G, Zhang X, Mallott JM, Asteggiano C, Sacco S, Gundel TJ, Zhao C, Stern WA, Caverzasi E, Zhou Y, Gomez R, Ragan NR, Santaniello A, Zhu AH, Juwono J, Bevan CJ, Bove RM, Crabtree E, Gelfand JM, Goodin DS, Graves JS, Green AJ, Oksenberg JR, Waubant E, Wilson MR, Zamvil SS, Cree BAC, Hauser SL, Henry RG (2022) Spinal cord atrophy predicts progressive disease in relapsing multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 91:268\u2013281","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"12514_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2022.1025","volume":"79","author":"A Cagol","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cagol A, Schaedelin S, Barakovic M, Benkert P, Todea RA, Rahmanzadeh R, Galbusera R, Lu PJ, Weigel M, Melie-Garcia L, Ruberte E, Siebenborn N, Battaglini M, Radue EW, Yaldizli O, Oechtering J, Sinnecker T, Lorscheider J, Fischer-Barnicol B, Muller S, Achtnichts L, Vehoff J, Disanto G, Findling O, Chan A, Salmen A, Pot C, Bridel C, Zecca C, Derfuss T, Lieb JM, Remonda L, Wagner F, Vargas MI, Du Pasquier R, Lalive PH, Pravata E, Weber J, Cattin PC, Gobbi C, Leppert D, Kappos L, Kuhle J, Granziera C (2022) Association of brain atrophy with disease progression independent of relapse activity in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis. JAMA Neurol 79:682\u2013692","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"12514_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585221141964","volume":"29","author":"A Calvi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Calvi A, Clarke MA, Prados F, Chard D, Ciccarelli O, Alberich M, Pareto D, Rodriguez Barranco M, Sastre-Garriga J, Tur C, Rovira A, Barkhof F (2023) Relationship between paramagnetic rim lesions and slowly expanding lesions in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 29:352\u2013362","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"12514_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458518814117","volume":"25","author":"C Elliott","year":"2019","unstructured":"Elliott C, Wolinsky JS, Hauser SL, Kappos L, Barkhof F, Bernasconi C, Wei W, Belachew S, Arnold DL (2019) Slowly expanding\/evolving lesions as a magnetic resonance imaging marker of chronic active multiple sclerosis lesions. Mult Scler 25:1915\u20131925","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"12514_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awy088","volume":"141","author":"A Eshaghi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Eshaghi A, Marinescu RV, Young AL, Firth NC, Prados F, Jorge Cardoso M, Tur C, De Angelis F, Cawley N, Brownlee WJ, De Stefano N, Laura Stromillo M, Battaglini M, Ruggieri S, Gasperini C, Filippi M, Rocca MA, Rovira A, Sastre-Garriga J, Geurts JJG, Vrenken H, Wottschel V, Leurs CE, Uitdehaag B, Pirpamer L, Enzinger C, Ourselin S, Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott CA, Chard D, Thompson AJ, Barkhof F, Alexander DC, Ciccarelli O (2018) Progression of regional grey matter atrophy in multiple sclerosis. Brain 141:1665\u20131677","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"12514_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1206328","volume":"367","author":"RJ Fox","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fox RJ, Miller DH, Phillips JT, Hutchinson M, Havrdova E, Kita M, Yang M, Raghupathi K, Novas M, Sweetser MT, Viglietta V, Dawson KT, Investigators CS (2012) Placebo-controlled phase 3 study of oral BG-12 or glatiramer in multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 367:1087\u20131097","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"12514_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458519887346","author":"IC George","year":"2019","unstructured":"George IC, El Mendili MM, Inglese M, Azevedo CJ, Kantarci O, Lebrun C, Siva A, Okuda DT, Pelletier D (2019) Cerebellar volume loss in radiologically isolated syndrome. Mult Scler. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1352458519887346","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"12514_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1114287","volume":"367","author":"R Gold","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gold R, Kappos L, Arnold DL, Bar-Or A, Giovannoni G, Selmaj K, Tornatore C, Sweetser MT, Yang M, Sheikh SI, Dawson KT (2012) Placebo-controlled phase 3 study of oral BG-12 for relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 367:1098\u20131107","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"12514_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00606","volume":"11","author":"K Hanninen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hanninen K, Viitala M, Paavilainen T, Karhu JO, Rinne J, Koikkalainen J, Lotjonen J, Soilu-Hanninen M (2020) Thalamic atrophy predicts 5-year disability progression in multiple sclerosis. Front Neurol 11:606","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"12514_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24564","volume":"79","author":"OH Kantarci","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kantarci OH, Lebrun C, Siva A, Keegan MB, Azevedo CJ, Inglese M, Tintore M, Newton BD, Durand-Dubief F, Amato MP, De Stefano N, Sormani MP, Pelletier D, Okuda DT (2016) Primary progressive multiple sclerosis evolving from radiologically isolated syndrome. Ann Neurol 79:288\u2013294","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"12514_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000653","author":"OH Kantarci","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kantarci OH, Zeydan B, Atkinson EJ, Conway BL, Castrillo-Viguera C, Rodriguez M (2020) Relapse recovery: the forgotten variable in multiple sclerosis clinical trials. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000653","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"12514_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(23)00281-8","volume":"22","author":"C Lebrun-Frenay","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lebrun-Frenay C, Kantarci O, Siva A, Azevedo CJ, Makhani N, Pelletier D, Okuda DT (2023) Radiologically isolated syndrome. Lancet Neurol 22:1075\u20131086","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"12514_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25799","author":"C Lebrun-Frenay","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lebrun-Frenay C, Kantarci O, Siva A, Sormani MP, Pelletier D, Okuda DT (2020) Radiologically isolated syndrome: 10-year risk estimate of a clinical event. Ann Neurol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.25799","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"12514_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awad073","author":"C Lebrun-Frenay","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lebrun-Frenay C, Okuda DT, Siva A, Landes-Chateau C, Azevedo CJ, Mondot L, Carra-Dalliere C, Zephir H, Louapre C, Durand-Dubief F, Le Page E, Bensa C, Ruet A, Ciron J, Laplaud DA, Casez O, Mathey G, de Seze J, Zeydan B, Makhani N, Tutuncu M, Levraut M, Cohen M, Thouvenot E, Pelletier D, Kantarci OH, Risc S (2023) The radiologically isolated syndrome: revised diagnostic criteria. Brain. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awad073","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"12514_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2128271","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.28271","volume":"4","author":"C Lebrun-Frenay","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lebrun-Frenay C, Rollot F, Mondot L, Zephir H, Louapre C, Le Page E, Durand-Dubief F, Labauge P, Bensa C, Thouvenot E, Laplaud D, de Seze J, Ciron J, Bourre B, Cabre P, Casez O, Ruet A, Mathey G, Berger E, Moreau T, Al Khedr A, Derache N, Clavelou P, Guennoc AM, Creange A, Neau JP, Tourbah A, Camdessanche JP, Maarouf A, Callier C, Vermersch P, Kantarci O, Siva A, Azevedo C, Makhani N, Cohen M, Pelletier D, Okuda D, Vukusic S, Risc S, Investigators O (2021) Risk factors and time to clinical symptoms of multiple sclerosis among patients with radiologically isolated syndrome. JAMA Netw Open 4:e2128271","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"12514_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2023.2815","author":"C Lebrun-Frenay","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lebrun-Frenay C, Siva A, Sormani MP, Landes-Chateau C, Mondot L, Bovis F, Vermersch P, Papeix C, Thouvenot E, Labauge P, Durand-Dubief F, Efendi H, Le Page E, Terzi M, Derache N, Bourre B, Hoepner R, Karabudak R, De Seze J, Ciron J, Clavelou P, Wiertlewski S, Turan OF, Yucear N, Cohen M, Azevedo C, Kantarci OH, Okuda DT, Pelletier D (2023) Teriflunomide and time to clinical multiple sclerosis in patients with radiologically isolated syndrome: the TERIS randomized clinical trial. JAMA Neurol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaneurol.2023.2815","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"12514_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1162","volume":"29","author":"Z Liptak","year":"2008","unstructured":"Liptak Z, Berger AM, Sampat MP, Charil A, Felsovalyi O, Healy BC, Hildenbrand P, Khoury SJ, Weiner HL, Bakshi R, Guttmann CR (2008) Medulla oblongata volume: a biomarker of spinal cord damage and disability in multiple sclerosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 29:1465\u20131470","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"12514_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102429","volume":"45","author":"TM Moog","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moog TM, McCreary M, Stanley T, Wilson A, Santoyo J, Wright K, Winkler MD, Wang Y, Yu F, Newton BD, Zeydan B, Kantarci O, Guo X, Okuda DT (2020) African Americans experience disproportionate neurodegenerative changes in the medulla and upper cervical spinal cord in early multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 45:102429","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"12514_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4459","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-022-11089-9","volume":"269","author":"TM Moog","year":"2022","unstructured":"Moog TM, McCreary M, Wilson A, Stanley T, Yu FF, Pinho M, Guo X, Okuda DT (2022) Direction and magnitude of displacement differ between slowly expanding and non-expanding multiple sclerosis lesions as compared to small vessel disease. J Neurol 269:4459\u20134468","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"12514_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26555","volume":"93","author":"DT Okuda","year":"2023","unstructured":"Okuda DT, Kantarci O, Lebrun-Frenay C, Sormani MP, Azevedo CJ, Bovis F, Hua LH, Amezcua L, Mowry EM, Hotermans C, Mendoza J, Walsh JS, von Hehn C, Vargas WS, Donlon S, Naismith RT, Okai A, Pardo G, Repovic P, Stuve O, Siva A, Pelletier D (2023) Dimethyl fumarate delays multiple sclerosis in radiologically isolated syndrome. Ann Neurol 93:604\u2013614","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"12514_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19560","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-76420-8","volume":"10","author":"DT Okuda","year":"2020","unstructured":"Okuda DT, Moog TM, McCreary M, Bachand JN, Wilson A, Wright K, Winkler MD, Ramos OG, Blinn AP, Wang Y, Stanley T, Pinho MC, Newton BD, Guo X (2020) Utility of shape evolution and displacement in the classification of chronic multiple sclerosis lesions. Sci Rep 10:19560","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"12514_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000335764.14513.1a","volume":"72","author":"DT Okuda","year":"2009","unstructured":"Okuda DT, Mowry EM, Beheshtian A, Waubant E, Baranzini SE, Goodin DS, Hauser SL, Pelletier D (2009) Incidental MRI anomalies suggestive of multiple sclerosis: the radiologically isolated syndrome. Neurology 72:800\u2013805","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"12514_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e90509","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0090509","volume":"9","author":"DT Okuda","year":"2014","unstructured":"Okuda DT, Siva A, Kantarci O, Inglese M, Katz I, Tutuncu M, Keegan BM, Donlon S, le Hua H, Vidal-Jordana A, Montalban X, Rovira A, Tintore M, Amato MP, Brochet B, de Seze J, Brassat D, Vermersch P, De Stefano N, Sormani MP, Pelletier D, Lebrun C (2014) Radiologically isolated syndrome: 5-year risk for an initial clinical event. PLoS ONE 9:e90509","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"12514_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585221139575","author":"DT Okuda","year":"2022","unstructured":"Okuda DT, Stanley T, McCreary M, Smith A, Wilson A, Pinho MC, Yu FF, Billiet T, Van Hecke W, Ribbens A, Zeydan B, Kantarci O, Guo X, Moog TM (2022) Selective vulnerability of brainstem and cervical spinal cord regions in people with non-progressive multiple sclerosis of Black or African American and European ancestry. Mult Scler. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/13524585221139575","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"12514_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1111\/jon.13059","volume":"32","author":"DT Okuda","year":"2022","unstructured":"Okuda DT, Stanley T, McCreary M, Smith AD, Burgess KW, Wilson A, Guo X, Moog TM (2022) Dorsal medulla surface texture: differentiating neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder from multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimaging 32:1090\u20131097","journal-title":"J Neuroimaging"},{"key":"12514_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.02.084","volume":"61","author":"M Reuter","year":"2012","unstructured":"Reuter M, Schmansky NJ, Rosas HD, Fischl B (2012) Within-subject template estimation for unbiased longitudinal image analysis. Neuroimage 61:1402\u20131418","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"12514_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1111\/jon.12633","volume":"29","author":"DK Sivakolundu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sivakolundu DK, Hansen MR, West KL, Wang Y, Stanley T, Wilson A, McCreary M, Turner MP, Pinho MC, Newton BD, Guo X, Rypma B, Okuda DT (2019) Three-dimensional lesion phenotyping and physiologic characterization inform remyelination ability in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimaging 29:605\u2013614","journal-title":"J Neuroimaging"},{"key":"12514_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-020-09923-z","author":"DK Sivakolundu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sivakolundu DK, West KL, Zuppichini MD, Wilson A, Moog TM, Blinn AP, Newton BD, Wang Y, Stanley T, Guo X, Rypma B, Okuda DT (2020) BOLD signal within and around white matter lesions distinguishes multiple sclerosis and non-specific white matter disease: a three-dimensional approach. J Neurol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-020-09923-z","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"12514_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2002.1040","volume":"17","author":"SM Smith","year":"2002","unstructured":"Smith SM, Zhang Y, Jenkinson M, Chen J, Matthews PM, Federico A, De Stefano N (2002) Accurate, robust, and automated longitudinal and cross-sectional brain change analysis. Neuroimage 17:479\u2013489","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"12514_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24018","volume":"75","author":"MP Sormani","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sormani MP, Arnold DL, De Stefano N (2014) Treatment effect on brain atrophy correlates with treatment effect on disability in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 75:43\u201349","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"12514_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585221139152","volume":"29","author":"C Tsagkas","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tsagkas C, Huck-Horvath A, Cagol A, Haas T, Barakovic M, Amann M, Ruberte E, Melie-Garcia L, Weigel M, Pezold S, Schlaeger R, Kuhle J, Sprenger T, Kappos L, Bieri O, Cattin P, Granziera C, Parmar K (2023) Anterior horn atrophy in the cervical spinal cord: a new biomarker in progressive multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 29:702\u2013718","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"12514_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458512473190","volume":"19","author":"A Vidal-Jordana","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vidal-Jordana A, Sastre-Garriga J, Perez-Miralles F, Tur C, Tintore M, Horga A, Auger C, Rio J, Nos C, Edo MC, Arevalo MJ, Castillo J, Rovira A, Montalban X (2013) Early brain pseudoatrophy while on natalizumab therapy is due to white matter volume changes. Mult Scler 19:1175\u20131181","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"12514_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458518817987","volume":"26","author":"A Vural","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vural A, Okar S, Kurne A, Sayat-Gurel G, Acar NP, Karabulut E, Oguz KK, Kadayifcilar S, Karabudak R (2020) Retinal degeneration is associated with brain volume reduction and prognosis in radiologically isolated syndrome. Mult Scler 26:38\u201347","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"12514_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458518783662","volume":"25","author":"JM Wijnands","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wijnands JM, Zhu F, Kingwell E, Zhao Y, Ekuma O, Lu X, Evans C, Fisk JD, Marrie RA, Tremlett H (2019) Five years before multiple sclerosis onset: Phenotyping the prodrome. Mult Scler 25:1092\u20131101","journal-title":"Mult Scler"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-024-12514-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00415-024-12514-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-024-12514-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T12:19:26Z","timestamp":1725538766000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00415-024-12514-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,9]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["12514"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-024-12514-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-5354","1432-1459"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-5354","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1459","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 May 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 June 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 June 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 July 2024","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"D.T.O. received personal compensation for consulting and advisory services from Eisai, EMD Serono, Genentech, Genzyme\/Sanofi, Immunic Therapeutics, Moderna, and RVL Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Zenas BioPharma and research support from Biogen Inc., EMD Serono\/Merck, and Novartis. D.T.O. has issued national and international patents along with pending patents related to the enclosed work as well as other developed technologies. D.T.O. received royalties for intellectual property licensed by The Board of Regents of The University of Texas System. D.T.O. is the Founder of Revert Health Inc. C.A. received personal compensation from EMD Serono, Genentech, Genzyme\/Sanofi, Horizon Therapeutics, MJH Life Sciences, TG Therapeutics, and Zenas BioPharma. M.P.S. has been a consultant and has received research grant support from Biogen Inc. A.S. has been a consultant to Biogen Inc. O.K. has been a consultant and also received research support from Biogen Inc. for an investigator-initiated study. C.L.-F. received research support from Biogen Inc. for an investigator-initiated study. D.P., T.M.M., S.M., S.R., and F.B. report no disclosures.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}]}}