{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T20:47:02Z","timestamp":1790369222080,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720396800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Retrospective studies suggest that spinal movement disorders, especially tonic spasms, are prevalent in NMOSD. However, there have been no prospective studies evaluating spinal movement disorders in NMOSD, MOGAD, and idiopathic transverse myelitis (ITM).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Patients referred to a tertiary neuroimmunology clinic for spinal cord demyelination (excluding MS) were evaluated. All patients answered a movement disorders survey and underwent a movement disorder-focused exam. Movement disorders were compared among patients with NMOSD with and without AQP4-IgG, MOGAD, and ITM. Patients with and without involuntary movements were also compared to identify predictors of spinal movement disorders.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Sixty-three patients were evaluated from 2017 to 2021 (71% females, median age 49\u00a0years, range 18\u201372\u00a0years, median disease duration 12\u00a0months, range 1\u2013408). Of the total, 49% had ITM, 21% had NMOSD without AQP4-IgG, 19% had NMOSD with AQP4-IgG, and 11% had MOGAD. Movement disorders were present in 73% of the total patients and were most frequent in NMOSD with AQP4-IgG (92%) and least frequent in MOGAD (57%). The most frequent spinal movement disorders were tonic spasms (57%), focal dystonia (25%), spinal tremor (16%), spontaneous clonus (9.5%), secondary restless limb syndrome (9.5%), and spinal myoclonus (8%). Multivariate analysis showed that longitudinally extensive myelitis and AQP4-IgG are independent risk factors for the development of spinal movement disorders, while MOG-IgG and African American race were associated with a lower risk of developing these movement disorders.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Spinal movement disorders are highly prevalent in non-MS demyelinating disorders of the spinal cord. Prevalence rates exceed those reported in MS and retrospective NMOSD studies.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-024-12527-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T18:02:46Z","timestamp":1720461766000},"page":"5875-5885","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Spinal movement disorders in NMOSD, MOGAD, and idiopathic transverse myelitis: a prospective observational study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"271","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5346-8254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hesham","family":"Abboud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongyi","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikhil","family":"Modak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Elkasaby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"12527_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000000560.PMID:30859004;PMCID:PMC6382384","volume":"9","author":"H Abboud","year":"2019","unstructured":"Abboud H, Yu XX, Knusel K, Fernandez HH, Cohen JA (2019) Movement disorders in early MS and related diseases: a prospective observational study. 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He has served as a consultant and\/or advisory board member for Cycle pharma and Alpine Pharma. He received honoraria from <i>Neurology Live<\/i>. He receives research support from Genentech, BMS, Novartis, Sanofi, UCB, and the Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation. He serves as an Assistant Editor for the <i>Neurology<\/i> Journal. He receives royalties from UpToDate. Dr Levy received personal compensation from Alexion, Horizon, Genentech, UCB Pharma, Quest Diagnostics, and Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, and research grants from Alexion, Horizon, and Genentech. He serves as a co-editor of the <i>Multiple Sclerosis and related Disorders<\/i> Journal and the editor-in-chief of <i>Neuroimmunology Reports<\/i>. All other authors report no disclosures. The authors declare no conflict of interest related to this research. Full financial disclosures for the past year are included at the end of the manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the institutional review board of University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center. A written informed consent was obtained from patients in whom identifiable videos were obtained. Source data can be made available for any qualified investigator.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical standard statement"}}]}}