{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T16:42:36Z","timestamp":1781109756809,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721952000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Katholisches Klinikum Bochum gGmbh"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Increasing evidence indicates a higher prevalence of polyneuropathy (PNP) in Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD). However, the involvement of large fiber neuropathy in PD still remains poorly understood. Given the lack of longitudinal data, we investigated the course of PNP associated with PD.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In total, 41 PD patients underwent comprehensive clinical evaluation including motor and non-motor assessments as well as nerve conduction studies at baseline and at 2\u00a0years of follow-up. The definition of PNP was based on electrophysiological standard criteria. Common causes of PNP were excluded.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>At baseline, PNP was diagnosed in 65.85% of PD patients via electroneurography. Patients with PNP presented with higher age (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.019) and PD motor symptom severity (UPDRS III; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Over the course of 2\u00a0years, PNP deteriorated in 21.95% of cases, and 26.83% remained without PNP. Deterioration of nerve amplitude was most prevalent in the median sensory nerve affecting 57.58% of all PD cases with an overall reduction of median sensory nerve amplitude of 45.0%. With regard to PD phenotype, PNP progression was observed in 33.33% of the tremor dominant and 23.81% of the postural instability\/gait difficulties subtype. Decrease of sural nerve amplitude correlated with lower quality of life (PDQ-39, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.037) and worse cognitive status at baseline (MoCA, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.042).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The study confirms the high PNP rate in PD, and demonstrates a significant electrophysiological progression also involving nerves of the upper extremities. Longitudinal studies with larger cohorts are urgently needed and should elucidate the link between PD and PNP with the underlying pathomechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-024-12579-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T23:03:22Z","timestamp":1722035002000},"page":"6136-6146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Longitudinal evaluation of polyneuropathy in Parkinson\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"271","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5051-0652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eun Hae","family":"Kwon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonia","family":"Bieber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Sch\u00fclken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"K\u00fchn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulina","family":"Averdunk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saskia","family":"Kools","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lovis","family":"Hilker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e1s","family":"Kirchg\u00e4ssler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lea","family":"Ebner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louisa","family":"Ortmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louisa","family":"Basner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Steininger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Kleinz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremias","family":"Motte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Lena","family":"Fisse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christiane","family":"Schneider-Gold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Gold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raphael","family":"Scherbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siegfried","family":"Muhlack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"T\u00f6nges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kalliopi","family":"Pitarokoili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"12579_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-5416-4_16","volume":"65","author":"TR Mhyre","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mhyre TR, Boyd JT, Hamill RW, Maguire-Zeiss KA (2012) Parkinson\u2019s disease. Subcell Biochem 65:389\u2013455. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-94-007-5416-4_16","journal-title":"Subcell Biochem"},{"key":"12579_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-017-1686-y","volume":"124","author":"O-B Tysnes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tysnes O-B, Storstein A (2017) Epidemiology of Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 124:901\u2013905. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00702-017-1686-y","journal-title":"J Neural Transm (Vienna)"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"12579_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13691","volume":"139","author":"S Sveinbjornsdottir","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sveinbjornsdottir S (2016) The clinical symptoms of Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Neurochem 139(Suppl 1):318\u2013324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jnc.13691","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"12579_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2018.083","volume":"115","author":"C Sommer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sommer C, Geber C, Young P, Forst R, Birklein F, Schoser B (2018) Polyneuropathies. Dtsch Arztebl Int 115:83\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3238\/arztebl.2018.083","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"12579_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1898","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51182","volume":"7","author":"E K\u00fchn","year":"2020","unstructured":"K\u00fchn E, Averdunk P, Huckemann S, M\u00fcller K, Biesalski A-S, zum Hof Berge F, Motte J, Fisse AL, Schneider-Gold C, Gold R et al (2020) Correlates of polyneuropathy in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 7:1898\u20131907. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acn3.51182","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"key":"12579_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.4103\/aian.AIAN_478_18","volume":"23","author":"NL Mathukumalli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mathukumalli NL, Kandadai MR, Shaik JA, Kanikannan MA, Borgohain R (2020) Serum B12, Homocysteine Levels, and their Effect on Peripheral Neuropathy in Parkinson\u2019s Disease: Indian Cohort. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 23:48\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/aian.AIAN_478_18","journal-title":"Ann Indian Acad Neurol"},{"key":"12579_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22021","volume":"68","author":"C Toth","year":"2010","unstructured":"Toth C, Breithaupt K, Ge S, Duan Y, Terris JM, Thiessen A, Wiebe S, Zochodne DW, Suchowersky O (2010) Levodopa, methylmalonic acid, and neuropathy in idiopathic Parkinson disease. Ann Neurol 68:28\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.22021","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"12579_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1080\/21646821.2020.1796414","volume":"60","author":"OJ Hernandez Fustes","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hernandez Fustes OJ, Hernandez Fustes OJ (2020) Sensory Neuropathy in Parkinson Disease: Electrodiagnostic Evaluation. Neurodiagn J 60:177\u2013184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21646821.2020.1796414","journal-title":"Neurodiagn J"},{"key":"12579_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-016-0667-3","volume":"20","author":"DF de Ara\u00fajo","year":"2016","unstructured":"de Ara\u00fajo DF, de Melo Neto AP, Oliveira \u00cdSC, Brito BS, de Ara\u00fajo IT, Barros IS, Lima JWO, Horta WG, Gondim FdAA (2016) Small (autonomic) and large fiber neuropathy in Parkinson disease and parkinsonism. BMC Neurol 20:16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12883-016-0667-3","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"12579_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2017.05.023","volume":"378","author":"P Zis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zis P, Gr\u00fcnewald RA, Chaudhuri RK, Hadjivassiliou M (2017) Peripheral neuropathy in idiopathic Parkinson\u2019s disease: a systematic review. J Neurol Sci 378:204\u2013209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2017.05.023","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"12579_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.04.006","volume":"54","author":"ML Beaulieu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Beaulieu ML, M\u00fcller ML, Bohnen NI (2018) Peripheral neuropathy is associated with more frequent falls in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 54:46\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.04.006","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"12579_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2019.11.004","volume":"2","author":"Y-C Tai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tai Y-C, Lin C-H (2019) An overview of pain in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Clin Park Relat Disord 2:1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.prdoa.2019.11.004","journal-title":"Clin Park Relat Disord"},{"key":"12579_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2691","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-020-04407-4","volume":"41","author":"DA Paul","year":"2020","unstructured":"Paul DA, Qureshi ARM, Rana AQ (2020) Peripheral neuropathy in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurol Sci 41:2691\u20132701. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-020-04407-4","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"12579_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.51.6.745","volume":"51","author":"WR Gibb","year":"1988","unstructured":"Gibb WR, Lees AJ (1988) The relevance of the Lewy body to the pathogenesis of idiopathic Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 51:745\u2013752","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"12579_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26424","volume":"30","author":"RB Postuma","year":"2015","unstructured":"Postuma RB, Berg D, Stern M, Poewe W, Olanow CW, Oertel W, Obeso J, Marek K, Litvan I, Lang AE et al (2015) MDS clinical diagnostic criteria for Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord 30:1591\u20131601. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.26424","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"12579_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.17.5.427","volume":"17","author":"MM Hoehn","year":"1967","unstructured":"Hoehn MM, Yahr MD (1967) Parkinsonism: onset, progression and mortality. Neurology 17:427\u2013442. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/wnl.17.5.427","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"12579_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22340","volume":"23","author":"CG Goetz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Goetz CG, Tilley BC, Shaftman SR, Stebbins GT, Fahn S, Martinez-Martin P, Poewe W, Sampaio C, Stern MB, Dodel R et al (2008) Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson\u2019s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS): scale presentation and clinimetric testing results. Mov Disord 23:2129\u20132170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.22340","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"12579_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20844","volume":"21","author":"KR Chaudhuri","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chaudhuri KR, Martinez-Martin P, Schapira AHV, Stocchi F, Sethi K, Odin P, Brown RG, Koller W, Barone P, MacPhee G et al (2006) International multicenter pilot study of the first comprehensive self-completed nonmotor symptoms questionnaire for Parkinson\u2019s disease: the NMSQuest study. Mov Disord 21:916\u2013923. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.20844","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"12579_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x","volume":"53","author":"ZS Nasreddine","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nasreddine ZS, Phillips NA, B\u00e9dirian V, Charbonneau S, Whitehead V, Collin I, Cummings JL, Chertkow H (2005) The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. J Am Geriatr Soc 53:695\u2013699. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"12579_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410080608","volume":"8","author":"PJ Dyck","year":"1980","unstructured":"Dyck PJ, Sherman WR, Hallcher LM, Service FJ, O\u2019Brien PC, Grina LA, Palumbo PJ, Swanson CJ (1980) Human diabetic endoneurial sorbitol, fructose, and myo-inositol related to sural nerve morphometry. Ann Neurol 8:590\u2013596. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.410080608","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"12579_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/26.5.353","volume":"26","author":"C Jenkinson","year":"1997","unstructured":"Jenkinson C, Fitzpatrick R, Peto V, Greenhall R, Hyman N (1997) The Parkinson\u2019s Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39): development and validation of a Parkinson\u2019s disease summary index score. Age Ageing 26:353\u2013357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ageing\/26.5.353","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"12579_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25383","volume":"28","author":"GT Stebbins","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stebbins GT, Goetz CG, Burn DJ, Jankovic J, Khoo TK, Tilley BC (2013) How to identify tremor dominant and postural instability\/gait difficulty groups with the movement disorder society unified Parkinson\u2019s disease rating scale: comparison with the unified Parkinson\u2019s disease rating scale. Mov Disord 28:668\u2013670. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.25383","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"12579_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.671257","volume":"12","author":"J Carmichael","year":"2021","unstructured":"Carmichael J, Fadavi H, Ishibashi F, Shore AC, Tavakoli M (2021) Advances in screening, early diagnosis and accurate staging of diabetic neuropathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 12:671257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2021.671257","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"12579_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17433\/978-3-17-035042-7","volume-title":"Klinische Elektromyographie und Neurographie: Lehrbuch und Atlas, 7 erweiterte und \u00fcberarbeiteteAuflage","author":"M St\u00f6hr","year":"2022","unstructured":"St\u00f6hr M, Pfister R, Reilich P (2022) Klinische Elektromyographie und Neurographie: Lehrbuch und Atlas, 7 erweiterte und \u00fcberarbeiteteAuflage. Kohlhammer Verlag, Stuttgart (ISBN 978-3-17-035043-4)"},{"key":"12579_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25585","volume":"28","author":"R Ceravolo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ceravolo R, Cossu G, Di Bandettini Poggio M, Santoro L, Barone P, Zibetti M, Frosini D, Nicoletti V, Manganelli F, Iodice R et al (2013) Neuropathy and levodopa in Parkinson\u2019s disease: evidence from a multicenter study. Mov Disord 28:1391\u20131397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.25585","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"12579_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1850","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22137","volume":"23","author":"C Toth","year":"2008","unstructured":"Toth C, Brown MS, Furtado S, Suchowersky O, Zochodne D (2008) Neuropathy as a potential complication of levodopa use in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord 23:1850\u20131859. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.22137","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"12579_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000149522.32823.EA","volume":"64","author":"JD England","year":"2005","unstructured":"England JD, Gronseth GS, Franklin G, Miller RG, Asbury AK, Carter GT, Cohen JA, Fisher MA, Howard JF, Kinsella LJ et al (2005) Distal symmetric polyneuropathy: a definition for clinical research: report of the American Academy of Neurology, the American Association of Electrodiagnostic Medicine, and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Neurology 64:199\u2013207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/01.WNL.0000149522.32823.EA","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"12579_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s00482-015-0093-2","volume":"35","author":"M M\u00fccke","year":"2021","unstructured":"M\u00fccke M, Cuhls H, Radbruch L, Baron R, Maier C, T\u00f6lle T, Treede R-D, Rolke R (2021) Quantitative sensorische Testung (QST). Schmerz 35:153\u2013160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00482-015-0093-2","journal-title":"Schmerz"},{"key":"12579_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2017.31","volume":"13","author":"R Gasparotti","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gasparotti R, Padua L, Briani C, Lauria G (2017) New technologies for the assessment of neuropathies. Nat Rev Neurol 13:203\u2013216. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrneurol.2017.31","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"12579_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2844","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-013-7079-8","volume":"260","author":"YA Rajabally","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rajabally YA, Martey J (2013) Levodopa, vitamins, ageing and the neuropathy of Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Neurol 260:2844\u20132848. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-013-7079-8","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"12579_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.61.5.657","volume":"61","author":"T M\u00fcller","year":"2004","unstructured":"M\u00fcller T, Renger K, Kuhn W (2004) Levodopa-associated increase of homocysteine levels and sural axonal neurodegeneration. Arch Neurol 61:657\u2013660. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archneur.61.5.657","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"12579_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/4958068","author":"N Yardimci","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yardimci N, Cemeroglu O, Ozturk E, G\u00fcrl\u00fc G, \u015eahin E, Bozkurt S, Cengiz T, Karali G, Cakirbay H, \u0130lhan A (2016) Median and ulnar neuropathy assessment in Parkinson\u2019s disease regarding symptom severity and asymmetry. Parkinsons Dis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/4958068","journal-title":"Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"12579_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.4103\/aian.aian_669_22","volume":"25","author":"A Ramachandran","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ramachandran A, Jose J, Gafoor VA, Das S, Balaram N (2022) Prevalence and risk factors of peripheral neuropathy in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 25:1109\u20131115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/aian.aian_669_22","journal-title":"Ann Indian Acad Neurol"},{"key":"12579_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1111\/jns5.12042","volume":"18","author":"S Sachedina","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sachedina S, Toth C (2013) Progression in idiopathic, diabetic, paraproteinemic, alcoholic, and B12 deficiency neuropathy. J Peripher Nerv Syst 18:247\u2013255. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jns5.12042","journal-title":"J Peripher Nerv Syst"},{"key":"12579_CR35","volume-title":"Clinical neurophysiology","author":"EJ Sorenson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sorenson EJ (2021) Sensory nerve conduction studies and sensory nerve action potentials. In: Rubin DI (ed) Clinical neurophysiology. Oxford University Press, New York (325-C18.P131, ISBN 0190067853)"},{"key":"12579_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-2327.186786","volume":"19","author":"A Sreenivasan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sreenivasan A, Mansukhani KA, Sharma A, Balakrishnan L (2016) Sural sensory nerve action potential: a study in healthy Indian subjects. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 19:312\u2013317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0972-2327.186786","journal-title":"Ann Indian Acad Neurol"},{"key":"12579_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207454.2024.2327407","author":"H Atwan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Atwan H, Ch MBB, Abdelaziz A, Kassem HA, Eltobgy MA, Gamal M, Sleem A, Ebaid NY (2024) Median nerve ultrasonography in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Neurosci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00207454.2024.2327407","journal-title":"Int J Neurosci"},{"key":"12579_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac026","volume":"146","author":"MF Corr\u00e0","year":"2023","unstructured":"Corr\u00e0 MF, Vila-Ch\u00e3 N, Sardoeira A, Hansen C, Sousa AP, Reis I, Sambayeta F, Dam\u00e1sio J, Calejo M, Schicketmueller A et al (2023) Peripheral neuropathy in Parkinson\u2019s disease: prevalence and functional impact on gait and balance. Brain 146:225\u2013236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awac026","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"12579_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27025","volume":"32","author":"A Merola","year":"2017","unstructured":"Merola A, Rosso M, Romagnolo A, Comi C, Fasano A, Zibetti M, Lopez-Castellanos JR, Cocito D, Lopiano L, Espay AJ (2017) Peripheral neuropathy as marker of severe Parkinson\u2019s disease phenotype. Mov Disord 32:1256\u20131258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.27025","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"12579_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2012.08.002","volume":"19","author":"N Shahrizaila","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shahrizaila N, Mahamad UA, Yap A-C, Choo Y-M, Marras C, Lim S-Y (2013) Is chronic levodopa therapy associated with distal symmetric polyneuropathy in Parkinson\u2019s disease? Parkinsonism Relat Disord 19:391\u2013393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2012.08.002","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"12579_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31823a0ee4","volume":"77","author":"YA Rajabally","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rajabally YA, Martey J (2011) Neuropathy in Parkinson disease: prevalence and determinants. Neurology 77:1947\u20131950. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31823a0ee4","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"12579_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.10.003","volume":"60","author":"H Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang H, Zhu L, Sun L, Zhi Y, Ding J, Yuan Y-S, Shen F-F, Li X, Ji P, Wang Z et al (2019) Phosphorylated \u03b1-synuclein deposits in sural nerve deriving from Schwann cells: A biomarker for Parkinson\u2019s disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 60:57\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.10.003","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"12579_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2012.10.023","volume":"324","author":"M Gawel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gawel M, Jamrozik Z, Szmidt-Salkowska E, Slawek J, Gawel D, Rowi\u0144ska-Marci\u0144ska K, Kaminska A (2013) Electrophysiological features of lower motor neuron involvement in progressive supranuclear palsy. J Neurol Sci 324:136\u2013139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2012.10.023","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"12579_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2012.05.011","volume":"319","author":"M Gawel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gawel M, Jamrozik Z, Szmidt-Salkowska E, Slawek J, Rowinska-Marcinska K (2012) Is peripheral neuron degeneration involved in multiple system atrophy? A clinical and electrophysiological study. J Neurol Sci 319:81\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2012.05.011","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"12579_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1159\/000008179","volume":"43","author":"M Abele","year":"2000","unstructured":"Abele M, Schulz JB, B\u00fcrk K, Topka H, Dichgans J, Klockgether T (2000) Nerve conduction studies in multiple system atrophy. Eur Neurol 43:221\u2013223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000008179","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"key":"12579_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11070879","author":"R Rohmann","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rohmann R, K\u00fchn E, Scherbaum R, Hilker L, Kools S, Scholz L, M\u00fcller K, Huckemann S, Schneider-Gold C, Gold R et al (2021) Prevalence and Characteristics of Polyneuropathy in Atypical Parkinsonian Syndromes: An Explorative Study. Brain Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci11070879","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"12579_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26293","volume":"30","author":"K Doppler","year":"2015","unstructured":"Doppler K, Weis J, Karl K, Ebert S, Ebentheuer J, Trenkwalder C, Klebe S, Volkmann J, Sommer C (2015) Distinctive distribution of phospho-alpha-synuclein in dermal nerves in multiple system atrophy. Mov Disord 30:1688\u20131692. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.26293","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"12579_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awad381","volume":"147","author":"H Tanaka","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tanaka H, Martinez-Valbuena I, Forrest SL, Couto B, Reyes NG, Morales-Rivero A, Lee S, Li J, Karakani AM, Tang-Wai DF et al (2024) Distinct involvement of the cranial and spinal nerves in progressive supranuclear palsy. Brain 147:1399\u20131411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awad381","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"12579_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-015-0208-0","volume":"3","author":"K Nakamura","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nakamura K, Mori F, Kon T, Tanji K, Miki Y, Tomiyama M, Kurotaki H, Toyoshima Y, Kakita A, Takahashi H et al (2015) Filamentous aggregations of phosphorylated \u03b1-synuclein in Schwann cells (Schwann cell cytoplasmic inclusions) in multiple system atrophy. Acta Neuropathol Commun 3:29. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40478-015-0208-0","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-024-12579-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00415-024-12579-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-024-12579-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T12:24:17Z","timestamp":1725539057000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00415-024-12579-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["12579"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-024-12579-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-5354","1432-1459"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-5354","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1459","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 May 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 July 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 July 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 July 2024","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"This study was registered in the German clinical trials registry (DRKS-ID: DRKS00020752) and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Medical Faculty of Ruhr University Bochum (Reg. No. 18-6360, date of approval 12.09.2018).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical standard"}}]}}