{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T11:06:11Z","timestamp":1791975971184,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]],"date-time":"2024-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724716800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]],"date-time":"2024-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFB 936-C8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFB 936-C8"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The akinetic crisis is a well-known, rare, potentially life-threatening condition in Parkinson\u2019s disease with subacute worsening of akinesia, rigidity, fever, impaired consciousness, accompanying vegetative symptoms and transient dopa-resistance. The akinetic crisis was historically supposed to be a \u201cwithdrawal syndrome\u201d in the sense of discontinuation of dopaminergic medication. Recently, other \u201cwithdrawal syndromes\u201d as the specific \u201cdopamine agonist withdrawal syndrome\u201d or \u201cdeep brain stimulation withdrawal syndrome\u201d have been described as emergency situations with specific subacute symptom constellations. All three conditions require immediate start of the adequate therapy to improve the prognosis. Here, the diagnostic criteria and treatment options of these three acute, severely disabling syndromes will be reported along the current guidelines of the German Parkinson Guideline Group.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-024-12649-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]],"date-time":"2024-08-27T16:02:33Z","timestamp":1724774553000},"page":"6485-6493","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Akinetic crisis and withdrawal syndromes: guideline \u201cParkinson\u2019s disease\u201d of the German Society of Neurology"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"271","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7680-2147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"P\u00f6tter-Nerger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"L\u00f6hle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00fcnter","family":"H\u00f6glinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"German Parkinson\u2018s Guideline Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"12649_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000157058.17871.7B","volume":"64","author":"M Onofrj","year":"2005","unstructured":"Onofrj M, Thomas A (2005) Acute akinesia in Parkinson disease. Neurology 64:1162\u20131169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/01.WNL.0000157058.17871.7B","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"12649_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20689","volume":"20","author":"A Thomas","year":"2005","unstructured":"Thomas A, Onofrj M (2005) Akinetic crisis, acute akinesia, neuroleptic malignant-like syndrome, Parkinsonism-hyperpyrexia syndrome, and malignant syndrome are the same entity and are often independent of treatment withdrawal. Mov Disord 20:1671. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.20689","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"12649_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2022.09.008","volume":"26","author":"S Grimaldi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Grimaldi S, Eusebio A, Carron R et al (2023) Deep brain stimulation-withdrawal syndrome in Parkinson\u2019s disease: risk factors and pathophysiological hypotheses of a life-threatening emergency. Neuromodulation 26:424\u2013434. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurom.2022.09.008","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"12649_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S31","DOI":"10.1016\/s1353-8020(02)00122-0","volume":"9","author":"H Takubo","year":"2003","unstructured":"Takubo H, Harada T, Hashimoto T et al (2003) A collaborative study on the malignant syndrome in Parkinson\u2019s disease and related disorders. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 9(Suppl 1):S31-41. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1353-8020(02)00122-0","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"12649_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-223362","volume":"12","author":"J-Y Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang J-Y, Huang J-F, Zhu S-G et al (2022) Parkinsonism-hyperpyrexia syndrome and dyskinesia-hyperpyrexia syndrome in Parkinson\u2019s disease: two cases and literature review. J Parkinsons Dis 12:1727\u20131735. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JPD-223362","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"12649_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1159\/000113484","volume":"38","author":"S Kuno","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kuno S, Mizuta E, Yamasaki S (1997) Neuroleptic malignant syndrome in Parkinsonian patients: risk factors. Eur Neurol 38(Suppl 2):56\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000113484","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"key":"12649_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1159\/000369448","volume":"6","author":"V Kaasinen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kaasinen V, Joutsa J, Noponen T, P\u00e4iv\u00e4rinta M (2014) Akinetic crisis in Parkinson\u2019s disease is associated with a severe loss of striatal dopamine transporter function: a report of two cases. Case Rep Neurol 6:275\u2013280. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000369448","journal-title":"Case Rep Neurol"},{"key":"12649_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000000649","volume":"94","author":"G Martino","year":"2015","unstructured":"Martino G, Capasso M, Nasuti M et al (2015) Dopamine transporter single-photon emission computerized tomography supports diagnosis of akinetic crisis of parkinsonism and of neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Med (Baltim) 94:e649. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000000649","journal-title":"Med (Baltim)"},{"key":"12649_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.1997.tb00947.x","volume":"27","author":"L Jayaram","year":"1997","unstructured":"Jayaram L, Chancellor AM (1997) Rhabdomyolysis and akinetic hyperthermic crisis complicating Parkinson\u2019s disease. Aust N Z J Med 27:194\u2013195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1445-5994.1997.tb00947.x","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Med"},{"key":"12649_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"bcr2018227089","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2018-227089","volume":"11","author":"H Sahu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sahu H, Manjunath MB, Ray A, Vikram NK (2018) Neuroleptic malignant-like syndrome causing thrombocytopaenia: a rare association. BMJ Case Rep 11:bcr2018227089. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2018-227089","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"12649_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.1166","volume":"16","author":"PH Gordon","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gordon PH, Frucht SJ (2001) Neuroleptic malignant syndrome in advanced Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord 16:960\u2013962. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.1166","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"12649_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1P242","volume":"44","author":"A Bonnici","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bonnici A, Ruiner C-E, St-Laurent L, Hornstein D (2010) An interaction between levodopa and enteral nutrition resulting in neuroleptic malignant-like syndrome and prolonged ICU stay. Ann Pharmacother 44:1504\u20131507. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1345\/aph.1P242","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"12649_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-008-9125-4","volume":"10","author":"EJ Newman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Newman EJ, Grosset DG, Kennedy PGE (2009) The parkinsonism-hyperpyrexia syndrome. Neurocrit Care 10:136\u2013140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12028-008-9125-4","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"key":"12649_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02226968","volume":"13","author":"U Bonuccelli","year":"1992","unstructured":"Bonuccelli U, Piccini P, Corsini GU, Muratorio A (1992) Apomorphine in malignant syndrome due to levodopa withdrawal. Ital J Neurol Sci 13:169\u2013170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02226968","journal-title":"Ital J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"12649_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2018.10.052","volume":"843","author":"M Auffret","year":"2019","unstructured":"Auffret M, Drapier S, V\u00e9rin M (2019) New tricks for an old dog: a repurposing approach of apomorphine. Eur J Pharmacol 843:66\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2018.10.052","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"12649_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1017\/s0317167100038518","volume":"23","author":"N G\u00e1lvez-Jim\u00e9nez","year":"1996","unstructured":"G\u00e1lvez-Jim\u00e9nez N, Lang AE (1996) Perioperative problems in Parkinson\u2019s disease and their management: apomorphine with rectal domperidone. Can J Neurol Sci 23:198\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0317167100038518","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"12649_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2008.02.015","volume":"16","author":"M Dafotakis","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dafotakis M, Sparing R, Juzek A et al (2009) Transdermal dopaminergic stimulation with rotigotine in Parkinsonian akinetic crisis. J Clin Neurosci 16:335\u2013337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocn.2008.02.015","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"12649_CR18","first-page":"281","volume":"85","author":"S Fiore","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fiore S, Persichino L, Anticoli S, De Pandis MF (2014) A neuroleptic malignant-like syndrome (NMLS) in a patient with Parkinson\u2019s disease resolved with rotigotine: a case report. Acta Biomed 85:281\u2013284","journal-title":"Acta Biomed"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"12649_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S233","DOI":"10.1016\/S1353-8020(09)70821-1","volume":"15","author":"M Onofrj","year":"2009","unstructured":"Onofrj M, Bonanni L, Cossu G et al (2009) Emergencies in parkinsonism: akinetic crisis, life-threatening dyskinesias, and polyneuropathy during L-Dopa gel treatment. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 15(Suppl 3):S233-236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1353-8020(09)70821-1","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"12649_CR20","first-page":"415","volume":"46","author":"W Greulich","year":"1995","unstructured":"Greulich W, Fenger E (1995) Amantadine in Parkinson\u2019s disease: pro and contra. J Neural Transm Suppl 46:415\u2013421","journal-title":"J Neural Transm Suppl"},{"key":"12649_CR21","first-page":"399","volume":"46","author":"W Danielczyk","year":"1995","unstructured":"Danielczyk W (1995) Twenty-five years of amantadine therapy in Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Neural Transm Suppl 46:399\u2013405","journal-title":"J Neural Transm Suppl"},{"key":"12649_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02252624","volume":"6","author":"J Kornhuber","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kornhuber J, Weller M, Riederer P (1993) Glutamate receptor antagonists for neuroleptic malignant syndrome and akinetic hyperthermic parkinsonian crisis. J Neural Transm Park Dis Dement Sect 6:63\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02252624","journal-title":"J Neural Transm Park Dis Dement Sect"},{"key":"12649_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/s0149-7634(96)00043-7","volume":"21","author":"KW Lange","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lange KW, Kornhuber J, Riederer P (1997) Dopamine\/glutamate interactions in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 21:393\u2013400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0149-7634(96)00043-7","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"12649_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20325","volume":"20","author":"CM Kipps","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kipps CM, Fung VSC, Grattan-Smith P et al (2005) Movement disorder emergencies. Mov Disord 20:322\u2013334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.20325","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"12649_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2009.294","volume":"67","author":"CA Rabinak","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rabinak CA, Nirenberg MJ (2010) Dopamine agonist withdrawal syndrome in Parkinson disease. Arch Neurol 67:58\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archneurol.2009.294","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"12649_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2012-302684","volume":"84","author":"M Pondal","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pondal M, Marras C, Miyasaki J et al (2013) Clinical features of dopamine agonist withdrawal syndrome in a movement disorders clinic. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 84:130\u2013135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp-2012-302684","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"12649_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-013-0090-z","volume":"30","author":"MJ Nirenberg","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nirenberg MJ (2013) Dopamine agonist withdrawal syndrome: implications for patient care. Drugs Aging 30:587\u2013592. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40266-013-0090-z","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"key":"12649_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2015.05.018","volume":"21","author":"P Solla","year":"2015","unstructured":"Solla P, Fasano A, Cannas A et al (2015) Dopamine agonist withdrawal syndrome (DAWS) symptoms in Parkinson\u2019s disease patients treated with levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel infusion. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 21:968\u2013971. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2015.05.018","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"12649_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq032","volume":"133","author":"S Thobois","year":"2010","unstructured":"Thobois S, Ardouin C, Lhomm\u00e9e E et al (2010) Non-motor dopamine withdrawal syndrome after surgery for Parkinson\u2019s disease: predictors and underlying mesolimbic denervation. Brain 133:1111\u20131127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awq032","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"12649_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12141","volume":"2","author":"KR Chaudhuri","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chaudhuri KR, Todorova A, Nirenberg MJ et al (2015) A pilot prospective, multicenter observational study of dopamine agonist withdrawal syndrome in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2:170\u2013174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mdc3.12141","journal-title":"Mov Disord Clin Pract"},{"key":"12649_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.3109\/00207454.2011.633722","volume":"122","author":"N Limotai","year":"2012","unstructured":"Limotai N, Oyama G, Go C et al (2012) Addiction-like manifestations and Parkinson\u2019s disease: a large single center 9-year experience. Int J Neurosci 122:145\u2013153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/00207454.2011.633722","journal-title":"Int J Neurosci"},{"key":"12649_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2012.05.012","volume":"18","author":"A-L Cunnington","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cunnington A-L, White L, Hood K (2012) Identification of possible risk factors for the development of dopamine agonist withdrawal syndrome in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 18:1051\u20131052. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2012.05.012","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"12649_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2022.100153","volume":"7","author":"X Garcia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Garcia X, Mohammad ME, Patel S et al (2022) Dopamine agonist withdrawal syndrome associated factors: a retrospective chart review. Clin Park Relat Disord 7:100153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.prdoa.2022.100153","journal-title":"Clin Park Relat Disord"},{"key":"12649_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2016.12.070","volume":"374","author":"XX Yu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yu XX, Fernandez HH (2017) Dopamine agonist withdrawal syndrome: a comprehensive review. J Neurol Sci 374:53\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2016.12.070","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"12649_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2012.06.006","volume":"19","author":"BJ Dorfman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dorfman BJ, Nirenberg MJ (2013) Dopamine agonist withdrawal syndrome in a patient with restless legs syndrome. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 19:269\u2013270. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2012.06.006","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"12649_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26324","volume":"30","author":"S Reuter","year":"2015","unstructured":"Reuter S, Deuschl G, Falk D et al (2015) Uncoupling of dopaminergic and subthalamic stimulation: life-threatening DBS withdrawal syndrome. Mov Disord 30:1407\u20131413. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.26324","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"12649_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.06.035","volume":"56","author":"S Reuter","year":"2018","unstructured":"Reuter S, Deuschl G, Berg D et al (2018) Life-threatening DBS withdrawal syndrome in Parkinson\u2019s disease can be treated with early reimplantation. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 56:88\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.06.035","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"12649_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.14802\/jmd.20073","volume":"13","author":"VV Holla","year":"2020","unstructured":"Holla VV, Neeraja K, Surisetti BK et al (2020) Deep brain stimulation battery exhaustion during the COVID-19 pandemic: crisis within a crisis. J Mov Disord 13:218\u2013222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14802\/jmd.20073","journal-title":"J Mov Disord"},{"key":"12649_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2018-229122","volume":"12","author":"J Azar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Azar J, Elinav H, Safadi R, Soliman M (2019) Malignant deep brain stimulator withdrawal syndrome. BMJ Case Rep 12:e229122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2018-229122","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"12649_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2021.708481","volume":"15","author":"C Sarica","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sarica C, Iorio-Morin C, Aguirre-Padilla DH et al (2021) Implantable pulse generators for deep brain stimulation: challenges, complications, and strategies for practicality and longevity. Front Hum Neurosci 15:708481. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnhum.2021.708481","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"12649_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1159\/000500993","volume":"97","author":"KT Mitchell","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mitchell KT, Volz M, Lee A et al (2019) Patient experience with rechargeable implantable pulse generator deep brain stimulation for movement disorders. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 97:113\u2013119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000500993","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"key":"12649_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2005.081232","volume":"77","author":"J Voges","year":"2006","unstructured":"Voges J, Waerzeggers Y, Maarouf M et al (2006) Deep-brain stimulation: long-term analysis of complications caused by hardware and surgery\u2013experiences from a single centre. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 77:868\u2013872. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.2005.081232","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"12649_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2337","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-011-1130-2","volume":"153","author":"M Piacentino","year":"2011","unstructured":"Piacentino M, Pilleri M, Bartolomei L (2011) Hardware-related infections after deep brain stimulation surgery: review of incidence, severity and management in 212 single-center procedures in the first year after implantation. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 153:2337\u20132341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00701-011-1130-2","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"12649_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2009.10.003","volume":"16","author":"T Morishita","year":"2010","unstructured":"Morishita T, Foote KD, Burdick AP et al (2010) Identification and management of deep brain stimulation intra- and postoperative urgencies and emergencies. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 16:153\u2013162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2009.10.003","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"12649_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-202072","volume":"10","author":"S Miocinovic","year":"2020","unstructured":"Miocinovic S, Ostrem JL, Okun MS et al (2020) Recommendations for deep brain stimulation device management during a pandemic. J Parkinsons Dis 10:903\u2013910. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JPD-202072","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"12649_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12271","volume":"3","author":"R Rajan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rajan R, Krishnan S, Kesavapisharady KK, Kishore A (2016) Malignant subthalamic nucleus-deep brain stimulation withdrawal syndrome in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord Clin Pract 3:288\u2013291. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mdc3.12271","journal-title":"Mov Disord Clin Pract"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-024-12649-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00415-024-12649-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-024-12649-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T03:54:12Z","timestamp":1727927652000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00415-024-12649-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["12649"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-024-12649-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-5354","1432-1459"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-5354","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1459","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 April 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 July 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 August 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 August 2024","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"MPN reports lecture honoraria or study fees from Abbvie, Abbott, Boston Scientific, Medtronic, Bial, Desitin, Zambon outside the submitted work. ML has received honoraria for scientific presentations from Stada. GH has ongoing research collaborations with Roche, UCB, Abbvie; serves as a consultant for Abbvie, Alzprotect, Amylyx, Aprinoia, Asceneuron, Bayer, Bial, Biogen, Biohaven, Epidarex, Ferrer, Kyowa Kirin, Lundbeck, Novartis, Retrotope, Roche, Sanofi, Servier, Takeda, Teva, UCB; received honoraria for scientific presentations from Abbvie, Bayer, Bial, Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Kyowa Kirin, Pfizer, Roche, Teva, UCB, Zambon; received publication royalties from Academic Press, Kohlhammer, and Thieme.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}]}}