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Our objectives were to determine the utility of serum NfL (sNfL), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)\/serum NfL ratio and NfL index as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers for GBS.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We measured NfL in serum and\/or CSF obtained from 96 GBS patients between 1989 and 2014 in western Sweden. The sNfL <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>-scores, NfL ratios and NfL indices were calculated. Outcome was determined with the GBS disability scale (GBSDS) at 3 and 12\u00a0months. NfL parameters in GBS were compared with healthy controls (HC), multiple sclerosis (MS), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The sNfL <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>-score was higher for GBSDS\u2009&gt;\u20092 at 3\u00a0months (median [IQR], 3.5\u00a0ng\/L [3.2\u20134.0], vs 2.6 [1.7\u20133.4], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.008) and at 12\u00a0months (3.6\u00a0ng\/L [3.5\u20133.8] vs 2.6 [1.8\u20133.5], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.049). NfL ratio and index were not associated with outcome. The area under the curve (AUC) for sNfL <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>-score was 0.76 (95% CI 0.58\u20130.93, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) for GBSDS\u2009&gt;\u20092 at 3\u00a0months. NfL ratio and index were lower in GBS than HC, MS, and ALS. The AUC for the NfL ratio was 0.66 (95% CI 0.55\u20130.78, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0018) and for the NfL index 0.86 (95% CI 0.78\u20130.93, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our results confirm sNfL as prognostic biomarker for GBS and the precision was improved using the age-adjusted sNfL Z score. NfL index and Qalb are potential diagnostic biomarkers for GBS.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-024-12679-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]],"date-time":"2024-09-09T12:02:10Z","timestamp":1725883330000},"page":"7282-7293","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Neurofilament light chain as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"271","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7889-8453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brynhildur","family":"Hafsteinsd\u00f3ttir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Farman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Lagerstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Zetterberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oluf","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lenka","family":"Novakova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bengt","family":"Nellg\u00e5rd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Ros\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clas","family":"Malmestr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Igal","family":"Rosenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Lycke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Axelsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10045","key":"12679_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(16)00339-1","volume":"388","author":"HJ Willison","year":"2016","unstructured":"Willison HJ, Jacobs BC, van Doorn PA (2016) Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome. 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J Neurol 271(4):1973\u20131984. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-023-12153-8","journal-title":"J Neurol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-024-12679-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00415-024-12679-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-024-12679-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]],"date-time":"2024-11-13T09:04:40Z","timestamp":1731488680000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00415-024-12679-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["12679"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-024-12679-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-5354","1432-1459"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-5354","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1459","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 May 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 August 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 August 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 September 2024","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"HZ is a Wallenberg Scholar and a Distinguished Professor at the Swedish Research Council supported by grants from the Swedish Research Council (#2023-00356; #2022-01018 and #2019-02397), the European Union\u2019s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 101053962, Swedish State Support for Clinical Research (#ALFGBG-71320), the Alzheimer Drug Discovery Foundation (ADDF), USA (#201809-2016862), the AD Strategic Fund and the Alzheimer\u2019s Association (#ADSF-21-831376-C, #ADSF-21-831381-C, #ADSF-21-831377-C, and #ADSF-24-1284328-C), the Bluefield Project, Cure Alzheimer\u2019s Fund, the Olav Thon Foundation, the Erling-Persson Family Foundation, Familjen R\u00f6nstr\u00f6ms Stiftelse, Stiftelsen f\u00f6r Gamla Tj\u00e4narinnor, Hj\u00e4rnfonden, Sweden (#FO2022-0270), the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie grant agreement No 860197 (MIRIADE), the European Union Joint Programme\u2014Neurodegenerative Disease Research (JPND2021-00694), the National Institute for Health and Care Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, and the UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (UKDRI-1003). HZ has served at scientific advisory boards and\/or as a consultant for Abbvie, Acumen, Alector, Alzinova, ALZPath, Amylyx, Annexon, Apellis, Artery Therapeutics, AZTherapies, Cognito Therapeutics, CogRx, Denali, Eisai, Merry Life, Nervgen, Novo Nordisk, Optoceutics, Passage Bio, Pinteon Therapeutics, Prothena, Red Abbey Labs, reMYND, Roche, Samumed, Siemens Healthineers, Triplet Therapeutics, and Wave, has given lectures in symposia sponsored by Alzecure, Biogen, Cellectricon, Fujirebio, Lilly, Novo Nordisk, and Roche, and is a co-founder of Brain Biomarker Solutions in Gothenburg AB (BBS), which is a part of the GU Ventures Incubator Program (outside submitted work). JL has received travel support and\/or lecture honoraria and has served on scientific advisory boards for Amgen, Almirall, Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, Genesis Pharma, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi and Sandoz; and has received unconditional research grants from Biogen and Novartis, and financial research support from Sanofi. LN has received lecture honoraria from Biogen, Novartis, Teva, Sanofi, Merck and has served on advisory boards for Merck, Janssen and Sanofi.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}]}}