{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T15:45:09Z","timestamp":1792251909636,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]],"date-time":"2024-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727222400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]],"date-time":"2024-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-024-12707-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]],"date-time":"2024-09-25T20:40:10Z","timestamp":1727296810000},"page":"7232-7238","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Axial tics in Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorders"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"271","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8614-5563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Fidel","family":"Baizabal-Carvallo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Jankovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"12707_CR1","first-page":"418","volume-title":"Principles and practice of movement disorders, Elsevier","author":"J Jankovic","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jankovic J, Hallett M, Okun M, Comella C, Fahn S (2022) Principles and practice of movement disorders, Elsevier, 3rd edn. Elsevier, Philadelphia, pp 418\u2013450","edition":"3"},{"key":"12707_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2013) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edn. American Psychiatric Association, Arlington","edition":"5"},{"key":"12707_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5312","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-022-11174-z","volume":"269","author":"JF Baizabal-Carvallo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Baizabal-Carvallo JF, Alonso-Juarez M, Jankovic J (2022) Dystonic motor and phonic tics in Tourette syndrome. J Neurol 269:5312\u20135318","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"12707_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8257(199905)14:3<502::AID-MDS1020>3.0.CO;2-G","volume":"14","author":"CG Goetz","year":"1999","unstructured":"Goetz CG, Pappert EJ, Louis ED, Raman R, Leurgans S (1999) Advantages of a modified scoring method for the Rush Video-Based Tic Rating Scale. Mov Disord 14:502\u2013506","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"12707_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.13225","volume":"8","author":"K Makhoul","year":"2021","unstructured":"Makhoul K, Jankovic J (2021) Tourette syndrome and driving. Mov Disord Clin Pract 8:763\u2013768","journal-title":"Mov Disord Clin Pract"},{"key":"12707_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28301","volume":"36","author":"D Mataix-Cols","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mataix-Cols D, Brander G, Chang Z, Larsson H, D\u2019Onofrio BM, Lichtenstein P, Sidorchuk A, Fern\u00e1ndez de la Cruz L (2021) Serious transport accidents in Tourette syndrome or chronic tic disorder. Mov Disord 36:188\u2013195","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"12707_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100029541","volume":"16","author":"DE Riley","year":"1989","unstructured":"Riley DE, Lang AE (1989) Pain in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and related tic disorders. Can J Neurol Sci 16:439\u2013441","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"12707_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11020460","volume":"11","author":"A Ma\u0142ek","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ma\u0142ek A (2022) Pain in Tourette syndrome-children\u2019s and parents\u2019 perspectives. J Clin Med 11:460","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"12707_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.3109\/02770909909075408","volume":"36","author":"MB Hogan","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hogan MB, Wilson NW (1999) Tourette\u2019s syndrome mimicking asthma. J Asthma 36:253\u2013256","journal-title":"J Asthma"},{"key":"12707_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S340948","volume":"14","author":"FJ Jim\u00e9nez-Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jim\u00e9nez-Jim\u00e9nez FJ, Alonso-Navarro H, Garc\u00eda-Mart\u00edn E, Ag\u00fandez JAG (2022) Sleep disorders and sleep problems in patients with tourette syndrome and other tic disorders: current perspectives. Nat Sci Sleep 14:1313\u20131331","journal-title":"Nat Sci Sleep"},{"key":"12707_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870110512","volume":"11","author":"JK Krauss","year":"1996","unstructured":"Krauss JK, Jankovic J (1996) Severe motor tics causing cervical myelopathy in Tourette\u2019s syndrome. Mov Disord 11:563\u2013566","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"12707_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.13004\/kjnt.2020.16.e23","volume":"16","author":"C Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim C, Choi BS, Kim HY, Lee S (2020) Cervical spinal fracture caused by untreated Tourette syndrome: a case report. Korean J Neurotrauma 16:292\u2013298","journal-title":"Korean J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"12707_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105609","volume":"159","author":"JF Baizabal-Carvallo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Baizabal-Carvallo JF, Cavanna AE, Jankovic J (2024) Tics emergencies and malignant Tourette syndrome: assessment and management. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 159:105609","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"12707_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2022-330822","volume":"94","author":"A Rigas","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rigas A, Mainka T, Pringsheim T, M\u00fcnchau A, Malaty I, Worbe Y, Cavanna AE, Lees AJ, Lang AE, Martino D, Ganos C (2023) Distinguishing functional from primary tics: a study of expert video assessments. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 94:751\u2013756","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"12707_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-023-02642-5","volume":"130","author":"JF Baizabal-Carvallo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Baizabal-Carvallo JF, Alonso-Juarez M, Jankovic J (2023) Contrasting features between Tourette syndrome and secondary tic disorders. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 130:931\u2013936","journal-title":"J Neural Transm (Vienna)"},{"key":"12707_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.neuropsych.20230126","author":"JF Baizabal-Carvallo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Baizabal-Carvallo JF, Alonso-Juarez M, Jankovic J (2024) Functional neurological disorders among patients with tremor. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.neuropsych.20230126","journal-title":"J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"12707_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.13932","volume":"11","author":"KR M\u00fcller-Vahl","year":"2024","unstructured":"M\u00fcller-Vahl KR, Pisarenko A, Fremer C, Haas M, Jakubovski E, Szejko N (2024) Functional tic-like behaviors: a common comorbidity in patients with Tourette syndrome. Mov Disord Clin Pract 11:227\u2013237","journal-title":"Mov Disord Clin Pract"},{"key":"12707_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.22206","volume":"518","author":"Y Kataoka","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kataoka Y, Kalanithi PS, Grantz H, Schwartz ML, Saper C, Leckman JF, Vaccarino FM (2010) Decreased number of parvalbumin and cholinergic interneurons in the striatum of individuals with Tourette syndrome. J Comp Neurol 518:277\u2013291","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"issue":"Pt 6","key":"12707_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1926","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws104","volume":"135","author":"A Lerner","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lerner A, Bagic A, Simmons JM, Mari Z, Bonne O, Xu B, Kazuba D et al (2012) Widespread abnormality of the \u03b3-aminobutyric acid-ergic system in Tourette syndrome. Brain 135(Pt 6):1926\u20131936","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"12707_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00303-9","volume":"22","author":"KA Johnson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Johnson KA, Worbe Y, Foote KD, Butson CR, Gunduz A, Okun MS (2023) Tourette syndrome: clinical features, pathophysiology, and treatment. Lancet Neurol 22:147\u2013158","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"12707_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28868","volume":"37","author":"JL He","year":"2022","unstructured":"He JL, Mikkelsen M, Huddleston DA, Crocetti D, Cecil KM, Singer HS, Edden RAE, Gilbert DL, Mostofsky SH, Puts NAJ (2022) Frequency and intensity of premonitory urges-to-tic in Tourette syndrome is associated with supplementary motor area GABA+ levels. Mov Disord 37:563\u2013573","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"12707_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00098","volume":"11","author":"G Cui","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cui G, Ou Y, Chen Y, Lv D, Jia C, Zhong Z, Yang R, Wang Y, Meng X, Cui H, Li C, Sun Z, Wang X, Guo W, Li P (2020) Altered global brain functional connectivity in drug-naive patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Front Psychiatry 11:98","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"12707_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4385","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac009","volume":"145","author":"C Ganos","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ganos C, Al-Fatly B, Fischer JF, Baldermann JC, Hennen C, Visser-Vandewalle V et al (2022) A neural network for tics: insights from causal brain lesions and deep brain stimulation. Brain 145:4385\u20134397","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"12707_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx204","volume":"141","author":"RL Albin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Albin RL (2018) Tourette syndrome: a disorder of the social decision-making network. Brain 141:332\u2013347","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"12707_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00742","volume":"10","author":"RL Albin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Albin RL (2019) Tourette syndrome as a disorder of the social decision making network. Front Psychiatry 10:742","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"12707_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-020-00914-6","volume":"17","author":"A Billnitzer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Billnitzer A, Jankovic J (2020) Current management of tics and Tourette syndrome: behavioral, pharmacologic, and surgical treatments. Neurotherapeutics 17:1681\u20131693","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"12707_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2008.04.010","volume":"65","author":"CA Conelea","year":"2008","unstructured":"Conelea CA, Woods DW (2008) The influence of contextual factors on tic expression in Tourette\u2019s syndrome: a review. J Psychosom Res 65:487\u2013496","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-024-12707-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00415-024-12707-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-024-12707-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]],"date-time":"2024-11-13T09:06:39Z","timestamp":1731488799000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00415-024-12707-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["12707"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-024-12707-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-5354","1432-1459"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-5354","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1459","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 May 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 September 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 September 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 September 2024","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"On behalf of all the authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}]}}