{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T05:30:50Z","timestamp":1766467850763,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733961600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Katholisches Klinikum Bochum gGmbh"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is an autoimmune neuropathy characterized by progressive or relapsing\u2013remitting weakness and sensory deficits. This study aims to evaluate the utility of corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) in diagnosing and monitoring CIDP.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We analysed 100 CIDP patients and 31 healthy controls using CCM to measure corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD), length (CNFL), and branch density (CNBD). Standardized clinical and electroneurographic evaluation were conducted, and statistical analyses were performed to compare CCM parameters between groups and across disease stages.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>CIDP patients and subgroups exhibited significant reduction in CNFD, CNFL, and CNBD compared to controls. This reduction was observed in late disease stages and severe overall disability sum score (ODSS), and Inflammatory Neuropathy Cause and Treatment Sensory Sum Score (ISS). CCM parameters correlated with axonal pathology in electroneurography of sensory, but not motor nerves. Despite the significant differences, the diagnostic sensitivity (41%) and specificity (77%) of CCM parameters were limited.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>While CCM effectively differentiates CIDP patients from healthy controls and was associated with disease severity, its diagnostic accuracy for routine clinical use is a posteriori. However, CCM shows promise as a non-invasive tool for monitoring sensory axonal pathology in CIDP.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-024-12812-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T12:29:24Z","timestamp":1734006564000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Assessing axonal pathology and disease progression in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy using corneal confocal microscopy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"272","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5989-2195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Klimas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dietrich","family":"Sturm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annika","family":"Altenborg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nayia","family":"Stylianou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Huckemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zornitsa","family":"Gasz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Gr\u00fcter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Philipps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tineke","family":"Greiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Maier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lynn","family":"Eitner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Enax-Krumova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Vorgerd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Schwenkreis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Gold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna Lena","family":"Fisse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeremias","family":"Motte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kalliopi","family":"Pitarokoili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"12812_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1159\/000494291","volume":"52","author":"MC Broers","year":"2019","unstructured":"Broers MC, Bunschoten C, Nieboer D, Lingsma HF, Jacobs BC (2019) Incidence and prevalence of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 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The study was approved by the local ethics committee.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"The patients gave spoken and written consent for publication and participation to the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Patient and public involvement"}},{"value":"Rafael Klimas: received research funding from The LFB Group France and Ruhr-University, Bochum\u00a0and\u00a0travel funding from Grifols and Takeda; not related to this work. Dietrich Sturm: nothing to disclose. Annika Altenborg: nothing to disclose. Nayia Stylianou: nothing to disclose. Sophie Huckemann: nothing to disclose. Zornitsa Gasz: nothing to disclose. J\u00f6rg Philipps: nothing to disclose. Thomas Gr\u00fcter: received travel funding and speaker honoraria from CSL Behring, Sanofi, Novartis, Biogen Idec, Bristol Myers Squibb, and Viatris, none related to this work. Greiner Tineke: nothing to disclose. Lynn Eitner: nothing to disclose. Tineke Greiner: nothing to disclose. Christoph Meier: nothing to disclose. Elena Enax-Krumova: nothing to disclose. Matthias Vorgerd: nothing to disclose. Peter Schwenkreis: received speaker honoraria from Merck Healthcare and Novartis Pharma, and funding from Berufsgenossenschaft f\u00fcr Gesundheitsdienst und Wohlfahrtspflege (BGW), none related to this work. Ralf Gold: serves on scientific advisory boards for Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Biogen Idec, Bayer Schering Pharma, and Novartis; has received speaker honoraria from Biogen Idec, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Bayer Schering Pharma, and Novartis; serves as editor for Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Diseases and on the editorial boards of Experimental Neurology and the Journal of Neuroimmunology; and receives research support from Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Biogen Idec, Bayer Schering Pharma, Genzyme, Merck Serono, and Novartis, none related to this manuscript. Anna Lena Fisse: received research funding by Georgius Agricola Stiftung Ruhr and Ruhr-University, Bochum (FoRUM-program), received honoraria and travel grants from Novartis AG, Sanofi and Eisai GmbH, none related to this work. Owns shares of Fresenius SE & Co., Gilead Sciences, Medtronic PLC and Novartis AG. Jeremias Motte: received travel grants from Biogen idec, Novartis AG, Teva and Eisai GmbH, his research is funded by Klaus Tschira Foundation and Ruhr-University, Bochum (FoRUM-program); none related to this work. Kalliopi Pitarokoili: received travel funding and speaker honoraria from Biogen Idec, Novartis and Bayer Schering Pharma and funding from the Ruhr-University, Bochum (FORUM-Program), none related to this work.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclosures"}}],"article-number":"51"}}