{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T06:31:07Z","timestamp":1787725867425,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2021YFC1005305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC1005305"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Grant from the Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology Regional Innovation Cooperation Project","award":["2020YFQ0021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFQ0021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-024-12852-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T13:24:40Z","timestamp":1736947480000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Structural and functional alterations in the brain gray matter among Tourette syndrome patients: a multimodal meta-analysis of fMRI and VBM studies"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"272","author":[{"given":"Yue","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jielan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4855-5875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"12852_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.10.077","volume":"186","author":"A Albajes-Eizagirre","year":"2019","unstructured":"Albajes-Eizagirre A, Solanes A, Vieta E, Radua J (2019) Voxel-based meta-analysis via permutation of subject images (PSI): theory and implementation for SDM. Neuroimage 186:174\u2013184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.10.077","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"12852_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2020.102198","volume":"26","author":"T Bhikram","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bhikram T, Crawley A, Arnold P, Abi-Jaoude E, Sandor P (2020) Examining the functional activity of different obsessive-compulsive symptom dimensions in Tourette syndrome. Neuroimage Clin 26:102198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nicl.2020.102198","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin"},{"key":"12852_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.10.010","volume":"135","author":"T Bhikram","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bhikram T, Crawley A, Arnold P, Abi-Jaoude E, Sandor P (2020) Neuroimaging the emotional modulation of urge inhibition in Tourette syndrome. Cortex 135:341\u2013351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.10.010","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"issue":"8","key":"12852_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2029","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl050","volume":"129","author":"S Bohlhalter","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bohlhalter S, Goldfine A, Matteson S, Garraux G, Hanakawa T, Kansaku K, Hallett M (2006) Neural correlates of tic generation in Tourette syndrome: an event-related functional MRI study. Brain 129(8):2029\u20132037. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awl050","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"3","key":"12852_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.3109\/15622975.2015.1112033","volume":"17","author":"J Buse","year":"2016","unstructured":"Buse J, Beste C, Herrmann E, Roessner V (2016) Neural correlates of altered sensorimotor gating in boys with Tourette syndrome: a combined EMG\/fMRI study. World J Biol Psychiatry 17(3):187\u2013197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/15622975.2015.1112033","journal-title":"World J Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"12852_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1080\/15622975.2016.1274052","volume":"19","author":"J Buse","year":"2016","unstructured":"Buse J, Beste C, Roessner V (2016) Neural correlates of prediction violations in boys with Tourette syndrome: evidence from harmonic expectancy. World J Biol Psychiatry 19(2):130\u2013141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15622975.2016.1274052","journal-title":"World J Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"12852_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.2009.21.1.13","volume":"21","author":"AE Cavanna","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cavanna AE, Servo S, Monaco F, Robertson MM (2009) The behavioral spectrum of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 21(1):13\u201323","journal-title":"J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"5","key":"12852_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073810387928","volume":"26","author":"N Debes","year":"2011","unstructured":"Debes N, Hansen A, Skov L, Larsson H (2011) A Functional magnetic resonance imaging study of a large clinical cohort of children with Tourette syndrome. J Child Neurol 26(5):560\u2013569. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0883073810387928","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"issue":"10","key":"12852_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073814560629","volume":"30","author":"N Debes","year":"2015","unstructured":"Debes N, Jeppesen S, Raghava JM, Groth C, Rostrup E, Skov L (2015) Longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis of the developmental changes of Tourette syndrome reveal reduced diffusion in the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical pathways. J Child Neurol 30(10):1315\u20131326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0883073814560629","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"issue":"Pt 12","key":"12852_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3661","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq300","volume":"133","author":"B Draganski","year":"2010","unstructured":"Draganski B, Martino D, Cavanna AE, Hutton C, Orth M, Robertson MM, Frackowiak RS (2010) Multispectral brain morphometry in Tourette syndrome persisting into adulthood. Brain 133(Pt 12):3661\u20133675. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awq300","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1","key":"12852_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1111\/jnp.12089","volume":"10","author":"A Draper","year":"2015","unstructured":"Draper A, Jackson GM, Morgan PS, Jackson SR (2015) Premonitory urges are associated with decreased grey matter thickness within the insula and sensorimotor cortex in young people with Tourette syndrome. J Neuropsychol 10(1):143\u2013153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jnp.12089","journal-title":"J Neuropsychol"},{"issue":"19","key":"12852_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.08.038","volume":"24","author":"A Draper","year":"2014","unstructured":"Draper A, Stephenson MC, Jackson GM, Pepes S, Morgan PS, Morris PG, Jackson SR (2014) Increased GABA contributes to enhanced control over motor excitability in Tourette syndrome. Curr Biol 24(19):2343\u20132347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cub.2014.08.038","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"12852_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291716002725","volume":"47","author":"CM Eddy","year":"2016","unstructured":"Eddy CM, Cavanna AE, Hansen PC (2016) Empathy and aversion: the neural signature of mentalizing in Tourette syndrome. Psychol Med 47(3):507\u2013517. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291716002725","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"12852_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2016.07.002","volume":"81","author":"CM Eddy","year":"2016","unstructured":"Eddy CM, Cavanna AE, Rickards HE, Hansen PC (2016) Temporo-parietal dysfunction in Tourette syndrome: insights from an fMRI study of theory of mind. J Psychiatr Res 81:102\u2013111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2016.07.002","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"12852_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26228","volume":"30","author":"C Ganos","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ganos C, Garrido A, Navalpotro-Gomez I, Ricciardi L, Martino D, Edwards MJ, Bhatia KP (2015) Premonitory urge to tic in Tourette\u2019s is associated with interoceptive awareness. Mov Disord 30(9):1198\u20131202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.26228","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"12852_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2013.10.014","volume":"76","author":"C Ganos","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ganos C, K\u00fchn S, Kahl U, Schunke O, Brandt V, B\u00e4umer T, M\u00fcnchau A (2014) Prefrontal cortex volume reductions and tic inhibition are unrelated in uncomplicated GTS adults. J Psychosom Res 76(1):84\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2013.10.014","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"12852_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25944","volume":"29","author":"C Ganos","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ganos C, K\u00fchn S, Kahl U, Schunke O, Feldheim J, Gerloff C, M\u00fcnchau A (2014) Action inhibition in Tourette syndrome. Mov Disord 29(12):1532\u20131538. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.25944","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"12852_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.11.004","volume":"37","author":"C Ganos","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ganos C, Roessner V, M\u00fcnchau A (2013) The functional anatomy of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 37(6):1050\u20131062. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.11.004","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"12852_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20765","volume":"59","author":"G Garraux","year":"2006","unstructured":"Garraux G, Goldfine A, Bohlhalter S, Lerner A, Hanakawa T, Hallett M (2006) Increased midbrain gray matter in Tourette\u2019s syndrome. Ann Neurol 59:381\u2013385","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"12852_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073819877335","volume":"35","author":"CE Gill","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gill CE, Kompoliti K (2020) Clinical features of Tourette syndrome. J Child Neurol 35(2):166\u2013174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0883073819877335","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"12852_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci8070129","author":"M Grados","year":"2018","unstructured":"Grados M, Huselid R, Duque-Serrano L (2018) Transcranial magnetic stimulation in Tourette syndrome: a historical perspective, its current use and the influence of comorbidities in treatment response. Brain Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci8070129","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"12852_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2016.194","volume":"22","author":"DJ Greene","year":"2017","unstructured":"Greene DJ, Williams Iii AC, Koller JM, Schlaggar BL, Black KJ (2017) Brain structure in pediatric Tourette syndrome. Mol Psychiatry 22(7):972\u2013980. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/mp.2016.194","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"12852_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.11.012","volume":"65","author":"M Hampson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hampson M, Tokoglu F, King RA, Constable RT, Leckman JF (2009) Brain areas coactivating with motor cortex during chronic motor tics and intentional movements. Biol Psychiatry 65(7):594\u2013599. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.11.012","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"12852_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.10.010","volume":"37","author":"PJ Hoekstra","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hoekstra PJ, Dietrich A, Edwards MJ, Elamin I, Martino D (2013) Environmental factors in Tourette syndrome. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 37(6):1040\u20131049. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.10.010","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"12852_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1080\/17588928.2011.604717","volume":"2","author":"SR Jackson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jackson SR, Parkinson A, Kim SY, Sch\u00fcermann M, Eickhoff SB (2011) On the functional anatomy of the urge-for-action. Cogn Neurosci 2(3\u20134):227\u2013243. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17588928.2011.604717","journal-title":"Cogn Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"12852_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1111\/jnp.12242","volume":"15","author":"SR Jackson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jackson SR, Sigurdsson HP, Dyke K, Condon M, Jackson GM (2021) The role of the cingulate cortex in the generation of motor tics and the experience of the premonitory urge-to-tic in Tourette syndrome. J Neuropsychol 15(3):340\u2013362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jnp.12242","journal-title":"J Neuropsychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"12852_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-023-02341-5","volume":"13","author":"P Jain","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jain P, Miller-Fleming T, Topaloudi A, Yu D, Drineas P, Georgitsi M, Paschou P (2023) Polygenic risk score-based phenome-wide association study identifies novel associations for Tourette syndrome. Transl Psychiatry 13(1):69. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41398-023-02341-5","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"12852_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww285","volume":"140","author":"AS Kanaan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kanaan AS, Gerasch S, Garcia-Garcia I, Lampe L, Pampel A, Anwander A, Muller-Vahl K (2017) Pathological glutamatergic neurotransmission in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Brain 140(1):218\u2013234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/aww285","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"12852_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2020.109119","author":"L Kong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kong L, Lv B, Wu T, Zhang J, Fan Y, Ouyang M, Liu Y (2020) Altered structural cerebral cortex in children with Tourette syndrome. Eur J Radiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejrad.2020.109119","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"12852_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3922","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhac316","volume":"33","author":"TR Larsh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Larsh TR, Huddleston DA, Horn PS, Wu SW, Cecil KM, Jackson HS, Gilbert DL (2023) From urges to tics in children with Tourette syndrome: associations with supplementary motor area GABA and right motor cortex physiology. Cereb Cortex 33(7):3922\u20133933. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cercor\/bhac316","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"issue":"6","key":"12852_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.31083\/j.jin2206159","volume":"22","author":"Y Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li Y, Yu L, Zhang H, Wang X, Cui Y, Li Y (2023) The severity and neural correlates of premonitory urge in Tourette syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Integr Neurosci 22(6):159","journal-title":"J Integr Neurosci"},{"issue":"9","key":"12852_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e76105","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076105","volume":"8","author":"Y Liu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Liu Y, Miao W, Wang J, Gao P, Yin G, Zhang L, Peng Y (2013) Structural abnormalities in early Tourette syndrome children: a combined voxel-based morphometry and tract-based spatial statistics study. PLoS ONE 8(9):e76105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0076105","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"5","key":"12852_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.105.008813","volume":"188","author":"AG Ludolph","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ludolph AG, Juengling FD, Libal G, Ludolph AC, Fegert JM, Kassubek J (2006) Grey-matter abnormalities in boys with Tourette syndrome: magnetic resonance imaging study using optimised voxel-based morphometry. Br J Psychiatry 188(5):484\u2013485","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"12852_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1174287","author":"Y Mao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mao Y, Zhang P, Sun R, Zhang X, He Y, Li S, Zeng F (2023) Altered resting-state brain activity in functional dyspepsia patients: a coordinate-based meta-analysis. Front Neurosci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2023.1174287","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"12852_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2009.08121831","volume":"167","author":"L Mazzone","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mazzone L, Yu S, Blair C, Gunter BC, Wang Z, Marsh R, Peterson BS (2010) An FMRI study of frontostriatal circuits during the inhibition of eye blinking in persons with Tourette syndrome. Am J Psychiatry 167(3):341\u2013349","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"12852_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-10-47","volume":"10","author":"KR Muller-Vahl","year":"2009","unstructured":"Muller-Vahl KR, Kaufmann J, Grosskreutz J, Dengler R, Emrich HM, Peschel T (2009) Prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex abnormalities in Tourette syndrome: evidence from voxel-based morphometry and magnetization transfer imaging. BMC Neurosci 10:47. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2202-10-47","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci"},{"issue":"7","key":"12852_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.3109\/15622975.2010.480984","volume":"11","author":"I Neuner","year":"2010","unstructured":"Neuner I, Kellermann T, St\u00f6cker T, Kircher T, Habel U, Shah JN, Schneider F (2010) Amygdala hypersensitivity in response to emotional faces in Tourette\u2019s patients. World J Biol Psychiatry 11(7):858\u2013872. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/15622975.2010.480984","journal-title":"World J Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"12852_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00362","volume":"8","author":"I Neuner","year":"2014","unstructured":"Neuner I, Werner CJ, Arrubla J, St\u00f6cker T, Ehlen C, Wegener HP, Shah NJ (2014) Imaging the where and when of tic generation and resting state networks in adult Tourette patients. Front Hum Neurosci 8:362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00362","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"12852_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2019.06.021","volume":"87","author":"AN Nielsen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nielsen AN, Gratton C, Church JA, Dosenbach NUF, Black KJ, Petersen SE, Greene DJ (2020) Atypical functional connectivity in Tourette syndrome differs between children and adults. Biol Psychiatry 87(2):164\u2013173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2019.06.021","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"12852_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1080\/15622975.2020.1813329","volume":"22","author":"TJC Openneer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Openneer TJC, van der Meer D, Marsman JC, Forde NJ, Akkermans SEA, Naaijen J, Dietrich A (2020) Impaired response inhibition during a stop-signal task in children with Tourette syndrome is related to ADHD symptoms: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. World J Biol Psychiatry 22(5):350\u2013361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15622975.2020.1813329","journal-title":"World J Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"12852_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-411546-0.00006-8","volume":"112","author":"P Paschou","year":"2013","unstructured":"Paschou P, Fernandez TV, Sharp F, Heiman GA, Hoekstra PJ (2013) Genetic susceptibility and neurotransmitters in Tourette syndrome. Int Rev Neurobiol 112:155\u2013177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-411546-0.00006-8","journal-title":"Int Rev Neurobiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"12852_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.55.4.326","volume":"55","author":"BS Peterson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Peterson BS, Skudlarski P, Anderson AW, Zhang H, Gatenby JC, Lacadie CM, Gore JC (1998) A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of tic suppression in Tourette syndrome. Arch Gen Psychiatry 55(4):326\u2013333","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"12852_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.58.5.427","volume":"58","author":"BS Peterson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Peterson BS, Staib L, Scahill L, Zhang H, Anderson C, Leckman JF, Webster R (2001) Regional brain and ventricular volumes in Tourette syndrome. Arch Gen Psychiat 58(5):427\u2013440","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiat"},{"issue":"4","key":"12852_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.4.415","volume":"60","author":"BS Peterson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Peterson BS, Thomas P, Kane MJ, Scahill L, Zhang H, Bronen R, Staib L (2003) Basal ganglia volumes in patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Arch Gen Psychiat 60(4):415\u2013424","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiat"},{"key":"12852_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.08.004","volume":"16","author":"L Polyanska","year":"2017","unstructured":"Polyanska L, Critchley HD, Rae CL (2017) Centrality of prefrontal and motor preparation cortices to Tourette syndrome revealed by meta-analysis of task-based neuroimaging studies. Neuroimage Clin 16:257\u2013267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.08.004","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin"},{"issue":"8","key":"12852_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2011.04.001","volume":"27","author":"J Radua","year":"2012","unstructured":"Radua J, Mataix-Cols D, Phillips ML, El-Hage W, Kronhaus DM, Cardoner N, Surguladze S (2012) A new meta-analytic method for neuroimaging studies that combines reported peak coordinates and statistical parametric maps. Eur Psychiatry 27(8):605\u2013611. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2011.04.001","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"12852_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2014.00013","volume":"5","author":"J Radua","year":"2014","unstructured":"Radua J, Rubia K, Canales-Rodriguez EJ, Pomarol-Clotet E, Fusar-Poli P, Mataix-Cols D (2014) Anisotropic kernels for coordinate-based meta-analyses of neuroimaging studies. Front Psychiatry 5:13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2014.00013","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"12852_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3249","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awy254","volume":"141","author":"CL Rae","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rae CL, Polyanska L, Gould van Praag CD, Parkinson J, Bouyagoub S, Nagai Y, Critchley HD (2018) Face perception enhances insula and motor network reactivity in Tourette syndrome. Brain 141(11):3249\u20133261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awy254","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"12852_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16097","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.97","volume":"3","author":"MM Robertson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Robertson MM, Eapen V, Singer HS, Martino D, Scharf JM, Paschou P, Leckman JF (2017) Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Nat Rev Dis Primers 3:16097. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrdp.2016.97","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"16","key":"12852_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2398","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22847","volume":"24","author":"V Roessner","year":"2009","unstructured":"Roessner V, Overlack S, Baudewig J, Dechent P, Rothenberger A, Helms G (2009) No brain structure abnormalities in boys with Tourette\u2019s syndrome: a voxel-based morphometry study. Mov Disord 24(16):2398\u20132403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.22847","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"12852_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2012.02584.x","volume":"54","author":"V Roessner","year":"2012","unstructured":"Roessner V, Wittfoth M, August JM, Rothenberger A, Baudewig J, Dechent P (2012) Finger tapping-related activation differences in treatment-na\u00efve pediatric Tourette syndrome: a comparison of the preferred and nonpreferred hand. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 54(3):273\u2013279. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2012.02584.x","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"12852_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21240","volume":"33","author":"V Roessner","year":"2012","unstructured":"Roessner V, Wittfoth M, Schmidt-Samoa C, Rothenberger A, Dechent P, Baudewig J (2012) Altered motor network recruitment during finger tapping in boys with Tourette syndrome. Hum Brain Mapp 33(3):666\u2013675. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hbm.21240","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"issue":"5","key":"12852_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20841","volume":"59","author":"MI Trenell","year":"2006","unstructured":"Trenell MI, Thompson CH, Sue CM (2006) Exercise and myotonic dystrophy: a 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging case study. Ann Neurol 59(5):871\u2013872. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.20841","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"12852_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2018.09.014","volume":"20","author":"SMA van der Salm","year":"2018","unstructured":"van der Salm SMA, van der Meer JN, Cath DC, Groot PFC, van der Werf YD, Brouwers E, Tijssen MAJ (2018) Distinctive tics suppression network in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome distinguished from suppression of natural urges using multimodal imaging. Neuroimage Clin 20:783\u2013792. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nicl.2018.09.014","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin"},{"key":"12852_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01394-8","author":"X Wan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wan X, Zhang S, Wang W, Su X, Li J, Yang X, Gong Q (2021) Gray matter abnormalities in Tourette syndrome: a meta-analysis of voxel-based morphometry studies. Transl Psychiatry. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41398-021-01394-8","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"12852_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-023-01656-0","author":"KH Watson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Watson KH, Eckland M, Schwartzman JM, Molnar A, Boon W, Hiller M, Isaacs DA (2024) The association of quality of life with psychosocial factors in adolescents with Tourette syndrome. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10578-023-01656-0","journal-title":"Child Psychiatry Hum Dev"},{"key":"12852_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-021-03187-1","author":"F Wen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wen F, Yan J, Yu L, Wang F, Liu J, Li Y, Cui Y (2021) Grey matter abnormalities in Tourette syndrome: an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-021-03187-1","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"12852_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2014","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21175","volume":"32","author":"CJ Werner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Werner CJ, Stocker T, Kellermann T, Bath J, Beldoch M, Schneider F, Neuner I (2011) Altered motor network activation and functional connectivity in adult Tourette\u2019s syndrome. Hum Brain Mapp 32(11):2014\u20132026. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hbm.21175","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"12852_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-13-17","volume":"13","author":"M Wittfoth","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wittfoth M, Bornmann S, Peschel T, Grosskreutz J, Glahn A, Buddensiek N, M\u00fcller-Vahl KR (2012) Lateral frontal cortex volume reduction in Tourette syndrome revealed by VBM. BMC Neurosci 13:1\u201310","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"12852_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2011.04.001","volume":"5","author":"SW Wu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wu SW, Gilbert DL (2012) Altered neurophysiologic response to intermittent theta burst stimulation in Tourette syndrome. Brain Stimul 5(3):315\u2013319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brs.2011.04.001","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"issue":"5","key":"12852_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617700001442","volume":"2","author":"KO Yeates","year":"1996","unstructured":"Yeates KO, Bornstein RA (1996) Neuropsychological correlates of learning disability subtypes in children with Tourette\u2019s syndrome. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2(5):375\u2013382","journal-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc"},{"issue":"4","key":"12852_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13130","volume":"43","author":"L Zapparoli","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zapparoli L, Porta M, Gandola M, Invernizzi P, Colajanni V, Servello D, Michel CM (2016) A functional magnetic resonance imaging investigation of motor control in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome during imagined and executed movements. Eur J Neurosci 43(4):494\u2013508. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ejn.13130","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"12852_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2013.05.009","volume":"214","author":"N Zebardast","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zebardast N, Crowley MJ, Bloch MH, Mayes LC, Vander Wyk B, Leckman JF, Swain JE (2013) Brain mechanisms for prepulse inhibition in adults with Tourette syndrome: initial findings. Psychiatry Res 214(1):33\u201341","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"12852_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-022-11363-w","volume":"270","author":"X Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang X, Zhou J, Guo M, Cheng S, Chen Y, Jiang N, Zeng F (2023) A systematic review and meta-analysis of voxel-based morphometric studies of migraine. J Neurol 270(1):152\u2013170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-022-11363-w","journal-title":"J Neurol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-024-12852-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00415-024-12852-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-024-12852-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,15]],"date-time":"2025-02-15T16:42:10Z","timestamp":1739637730000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00415-024-12852-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["12852"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-024-12852-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-5354","1432-1459"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-5354","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1459","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 October 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 December 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 December 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 January 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"Approval not applicable for this review study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}],"article-number":"133"}}