{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T16:49:21Z","timestamp":1764175761521,"version":"3.37.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737590400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001779","name":"Monash University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PAG19-0576"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PAG19-0576"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001779","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Huntington's Victoria","award":["2022 Peter Walsh Scholarship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022 Peter Walsh Scholarship"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001779","name":"Monash University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001779","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Huntington\u2019s disease (HD) is a rare neurodegenerative disease that causes progressive cognitive, physical, and psychiatric symptoms. Computerised cognitive training (CCT) is a novel intervention that aims to improve and maintain cognitive functions through repeated practice. The effects of CCT have yet to be established in HD. This randomised pilot trial examined the feasibility of a large scale trial to assess efficacy of multidomain CCT in pre-manifest and early-stage HD.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>28 participants were randomised to either at-home CCT (2\u2009\u00d7\u200960\u00a0min sessions per week for 12\u00a0weeks; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200913) or lifestyle education through monthly newsletters<jats:italic> (n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200915). Participants completed cognitive tasks and questionnaires at baseline and follow up, either in person (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200918) or via video teleconferencing (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200910).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>All participants were retained at follow up, and adherence to CCT ranged from 96 to 100%, with 11\/13 participants completing all sessions. Preliminary analyses showed evidence of a large effect of CCT on task switching and response inhibition, compared to lifestyle education. There was no evidence of specific benefit to other cognitive domains (processing speed, basic and divided attention, working memory), or psychosocial functions (subjective cognition, mood, health-related quality of life).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Whilst retention and adherence rates were high, recruitment rates were low, suggesting that a large scale trial may be feasible with some modifications to increase recruitment rates, such as by reducing time burden associated with the study, and using a multi-site trial design. Potential effects on cognitive functioning warrant further investigation.<\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:bold>Clinical trial registration<\/jats:bold>: The trial was prospectively registered on the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12622000908730).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-024-12855-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T16:01:30Z","timestamp":1737648090000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Feasibility and effects of cognitive training on cognition and psychosocial function in Huntington\u2019s disease: a randomised pilot trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"272","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7329-6725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katharine","family":"Huynh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7222-7181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharna D.","family":"Jamadar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6522-8397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amit","family":"Lampit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0410-2324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Navyaan","family":"Siddiqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9637-8590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie C.","family":"Stout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0718-6760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nellie","family":"Georgiou-Karistianis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"12855_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2327","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29228","volume":"37","author":"A Medina","year":"2022","unstructured":"Medina A, Mahjoub Y, Shaver L, Pringsheim T (2022) Prevalence and incidence of Huntington\u2019s disease: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Mov Disord 37:2327\u20132335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.29228","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"12855_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26011","volume":"29","author":"R Reilmann","year":"2014","unstructured":"Reilmann R, Leavitt BR, Ross CA (2014) Diagnostic criteria for Huntington\u2019s disease based on natural history. Mov Disord 29:1335\u20131341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.26011","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"12855_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.022","volume":"396","author":"CM Testa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Testa CM, Jankovic J (2019) Huntington disease: a quarter century of progress since the gene discovery. J Neurol Sci 396:52\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.022","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"12855_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2020-324104","volume":"92","author":"C Langley","year":"2021","unstructured":"Langley C, Gregory S, Osborne-Crowley K et al (2021) Fronto-striatal circuits for cognitive flexibility in far from onset Huntington\u2019s disease: evidence from the Young Adult Study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 92:143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp-2020-324104","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"12855_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70088-7","volume":"12","author":"SJ Tabrizi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tabrizi SJ, Scahill RI, Owen G et al (2013) Predictors of phenotypic progression and disease onset in premanifest and early-stage Huntington\u2019s disease in the TRACK-HD study: analysis of 36-month observational data. Lancet Neurol 12:637\u2013649. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70088-7","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"12855_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.09.007","volume":"60","author":"S Migliore","year":"2019","unstructured":"Migliore S, D\u2019Aurizio G, Curcio G, Squitieri F (2019) Task-switching abilities in pre-manifest Huntington\u2019s disease subjects. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 60:111\u2013117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.09.007","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"12855_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25964","volume":"29","author":"JC Stout","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stout JC, Queller S, Baker KN et al (2014) HD-CAB: A cognitive assessment battery for clinical trials in Huntington\u2019s disease. Mov Disord 29:1281\u20131288. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.25964","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"12855_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25762","volume":"29","author":"SC You","year":"2014","unstructured":"You SC, Geschwind MD, Sha SJ et al (2014) Executive functions in premanifest Huntington\u2019s disease. Mov Disord 29:405\u2013409","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"12855_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00710","volume":"10","author":"AC Bachoud-L\u00e9vi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bachoud-L\u00e9vi AC, Ferreira J, Massart R et al (2019) International guidelines for the treatment of Huntington\u2019s disease. Front Neurol 10:710. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2019.00710","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"12855_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1136\/practneurol-2021-003074","volume":"22","author":"TB Stoker","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stoker TB, Mason SL, Greenland JC et al (2022) Huntington\u2019s disease: diagnosis and management. Pract Neurol 22:32\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/practneurol-2021-003074","journal-title":"Pract Neurol"},{"key":"12855_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1080\/09602010443000074","volume":"14","author":"L Clare","year":"2004","unstructured":"Clare L, Woods RT (2004) Cognitive training and cognitive rehabilitation for people with early-stage Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a review. Neuropsychol Rehabil 14:385\u2013401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09602010443000074","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rehabil"},{"key":"12855_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15276","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-72281-3","volume":"10","author":"B Bonnech\u00e8re","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bonnech\u00e8re B, Langley C, Sahakian BJ (2020) The use of commercial computerised cognitive games in older adults: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep 10:15276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-72281-3","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"12855_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e044133","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.044133","volume":"16","author":"A Bahar-Fuchs","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bahar-Fuchs A, Martyr A, Goh AMY et al (2020) Cognitive training for people with dementia: a Cochrane review. Alzheimers Dement 16:e044133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alz.044133","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"12855_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2022.101671","volume":"80","author":"HM Gavelin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gavelin HM, Domell\u00f6f ME, Leung I et al (2022) Computerized cognitive training in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 80:101671. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arr.2022.101671","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"12855_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-020-09434-8","volume":"30","author":"HM Gavelin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gavelin HM, Lampit A, Hallock H et al (2020) Cognition-oriented treatments for older adults: a systematic overview of systematic reviews. Neuropsychol Rev 30:167\u2013193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11065-020-09434-8","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rev"},{"key":"12855_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2015.00014","volume":"7","author":"A Lampit","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lampit A, Hallock H, Suo C et al (2015) Cognitive training-induced short-term functional and long-term structural plastic change is related to gains in global cognition in healthy older adults: a pilot study. Front Aging Neurosci 7:14\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2015.00014","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"12855_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968319860490","volume":"33","author":"A Lampit","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lampit A, Heine J, Finke C et al (2019) Computerized cognitive training in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 33:695\u2013706. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1545968319860490","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"key":"12855_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"afad247","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afad247","volume":"53","author":"Z Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li Z, He H, Chen Y, Guan Q (2024) Effects of engagement, persistence and adherence on cognitive training outcomes in older adults with and without cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Age Ageing 53:afad247. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ageing\/afad247","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"12855_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s41465-020-00188-y","volume":"5","author":"E Baykara","year":"2020","unstructured":"Baykara E, K\u00f6nen T, Unger K, Karbach J (2020) MRI predictors of cognitive training outcomes. J Cogn Enhanc 5:245\u2013258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s41465-020-00188-y","journal-title":"J Cogn Enhanc"},{"key":"12855_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.2174\/1567205017666200624202425","volume":"17","author":"L Beishon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Beishon L, Intharakham K, Swienton D et al (2020) Neuroimaging outcomes in studies of cognitive training in mild cognitive impairment and early Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a systematic review. Curr Alzheimer Res 17:472\u2013486","journal-title":"Curr Alzheimer Res"},{"key":"12855_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-019-00080-0","volume":"14","author":"BM Duda","year":"2020","unstructured":"Duda BM, Sweet LH (2020) Functional brain changes associated with cognitive training in healthy older adults: a preliminary ALE meta-analysis. Brain Imaging Behav 14:1247\u20131262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11682-019-00080-0","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav"},{"key":"12855_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100912","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2019.100912","volume":"53","author":"L Nguyen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nguyen L, Murphy K, Andrews G (2019) Cognitive and neural plasticity in old age: a systematic review of evidence from executive functions cognitive training. Ageing Res Rev 53:100912. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arr.2019.100912","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"12855_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-020-09440-w","volume":"30","author":"TD van Balkom","year":"2020","unstructured":"van Balkom TD, van den Heuvel OA, Berendse HW et al (2020) The effects of cognitive training on brain network activity and connectivity in aging and neurodegenerative diseases: a systematic review. Neuropsychol Rev 30:267\u2013286. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11065-020-09440-w","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rev"},{"key":"12855_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2016.16030360","volume":"1","author":"NT Hill","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hill NT, Mowszowski L, Naismith SL et al (2017) Computerized cognitive training in older adults with mild cognitive impairment or dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Psychiatry 1:329\u2013340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.2016.16030360","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"12855_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbp061","volume":"64","author":"FD Wolinsky","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wolinsky FD, Mahncke HW, Weg MWV et al (2009) The ACTIVE cognitive training interventions and the onset of and recovery from suspected clinical depression. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 64:577\u2013585. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/geronb\/gbp061","journal-title":"J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci"},{"key":"12855_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1080\/13607860500431652","volume":"10","author":"B Woods","year":"2006","unstructured":"Woods B, Thorgrimsen L, Spector A et al (2006) Improved quality of life and cognitive stimulation therapy in dementia. Aging Ment Health 10:219\u2013226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13607860500431652","journal-title":"Aging Ment Health"},{"key":"12855_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e021610","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-021610","volume":"8","author":"R Bhome","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bhome R, Berry AJ, Huntley JD, Howard RJ (2018) Interventions for subjective cognitive decline: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 8:e021610. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-021610","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"12855_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-022-11516-x","author":"K Huynh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huynh K, Nategh L, Jamadar S et al (2022) Cognition-oriented treatments and physical exercise on cognitive function in Huntington\u2019s disease: a systematic review. J Neurol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-022-11516-x","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"12855_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1186\/s40814-020-00623-z","volume":"6","author":"E Yhnell","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yhnell E, Furby H, Lowe RS et al (2020) A randomised feasibility study of computerised cognitive training as a therapeutic intervention for people with Huntington\u2019s disease (CogTrainHD). Pilot Feasibility Stud 6:88. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40814-020-00623-z","journal-title":"Pilot Feasibility Stud"},{"key":"12855_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/nmt-2023-0001","author":"K Huynh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huynh K, Jamadar S, Stout J et al (2024) Effects and mechanisms of computerized cognitive training in Huntington\u2019s disease: protocol for a pilot study. Neurodegener Dis Manag. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2217\/nmt-2023-0001","journal-title":"Neurodegener Dis Manag"},{"key":"12855_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001756","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001756","volume":"11","author":"A Lampit","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lampit A, Hallock H, Valenzuela M (2014) Computerized cognitive training in cognitively healthy older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of effect modifiers. PLOS Med 11:e1001756. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001756","journal-title":"PLOS Med"},{"key":"12855_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-023-00987-5","volume":"7","author":"ATC Chan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chan ATC, Ip RTF, Tran JYS et al (2024) Computerized cognitive training for memory functions in mild cognitive impairment or dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. NPJ Digit Med 7:1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41746-023-00987-5","journal-title":"NPJ Digit Med"},{"key":"12855_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0040588","author":"A Lampit","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lampit A, Gavelin HM, Sabates J et al (2020) Computerized cognitive training in cognitively healthy older adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0040588","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"12855_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001150","volume":"159","author":"KS Baker","year":"2018","unstructured":"Baker KS, Georgiou-Karistianis N, Lampit A et al (2018) Computerised training improves cognitive performance in chronic pain: a participant-blinded randomised active-controlled trial with remote supervision. Pain 159:644\u2013655. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001150","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"12855_CR35","unstructured":"Posit Science (2022) BrainHQ. https:\/\/www.brainhq.com"},{"key":"12855_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-021-09515-2","volume":"32","author":"L Nguyen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nguyen L, Murphy K, Andrews G (2022) A game a day keeps cognitive decline away? a systematic review and meta-analysis of commercially-available brain training programs in healthy and cognitively impaired older adults. Neuropsychol Rev 32:601\u2013630. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11065-021-09515-2","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rev"},{"key":"12855_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-016-9338-9","volume":"27","author":"TM Shah","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shah TM, Weinborn M, Verdile G et al (2017) Enhancing cognitive functioning in healthy older adults: a systematic review of the clinical significance of commercially available computerized cognitive training in preventing cognitive decline. Neuropsychol Rev 27:62\u201380","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rev"},{"key":"12855_CR38","unstructured":"Nelson H (1982) National Adult Reading Test (NART)"},{"key":"12855_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(71)90067-4","volume":"9","author":"RC Oldfield","year":"1971","unstructured":"Oldfield RC (1971) The assessment and analysis of handedness: the Edinburgh inventory. Neuropsychologia 9:97\u2013113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0028-3932(71)90067-4","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"12855_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.4236\/jbise.2011.411090","volume":"4","author":"M Saghaei","year":"2011","unstructured":"Saghaei M, Saghaei S (2011) Implementation of an open-source customizable minimization program for allocation of patients to parallel groups in clinical trials. J Biomed Eng Res 4:734\u2013739. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4236\/jbise.2011.411090","journal-title":"J Biomed Eng Res"},{"key":"12855_CR41","volume-title":"Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) Manual (Revised)","author":"A Smith","year":"1982","unstructured":"Smith A (1982) Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) Manual (Revised). Western Psychological Services, Los Angeles"},{"key":"12855_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.13121","volume":"8","author":"J Corey-Bloom","year":"2020","unstructured":"Corey-Bloom J, Williams ME, Beltran-Najera I et al (2020) Central cognitive processing speed is an early marker of Huntington\u2019s disease onset. Mov Disord Clin Pract 8:100\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mdc3.13121","journal-title":"Mov Disord Clin Pract"},{"key":"12855_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2011-301732","author":"DL Harrington","year":"2012","unstructured":"Harrington DL, Smith MM, Zhang Y et al (2012) Cognitive domains that predict time to diagnosis in prodromal Huntington disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp-2011-301732","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"12855_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.00557","volume":"8","author":"F Scarpina","year":"2017","unstructured":"Scarpina F, Tagini S (2017) The stroop color and word test. Front Psychol 8:557","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"12855_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-6177(03)00039-8","volume":"19","author":"TN Tombaugh","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tombaugh TN (2004) Trail Making Test A and B: normative data stratified by age and education. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 19:203\u2013214. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0887-6177(03)00039-8","journal-title":"Arch Clin Neuropsychol"},{"key":"12855_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acv040","volume":"30","author":"S Correia","year":"2015","unstructured":"Correia S, Ahern DC, Rabinowitz AR et al (2015) Lowering the floor on trail making test part B: psychometric evidence for a new scoring metric. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 30:643\u2013656. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/arclin\/acv040","journal-title":"Arch Clin Neuropsychol"},{"key":"12855_CR47","volume-title":"WMS-III: Wechsler memory scale administration and scoring manual","author":"D Wechsler","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wechsler D (1997) WMS-III: Wechsler memory scale administration and scoring manual. Psychological Corp, San Antonio"},{"key":"12855_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.124.2.207","volume":"124","author":"RD Rogers","year":"1995","unstructured":"Rogers RD, Monsell S (1995) Costs of a predictible switch between simple cognitive tasks. J Exp Psychol 124:207\u2013231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0096-3445.124.2.207","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol"},{"key":"12855_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.05.065","volume":"33","author":"B Rypma","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rypma B, Berger JS, Prabhakaran V et al (2006) Neural correlates of cognitive efficiency. Neuroimage 33:969\u2013979. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.05.065","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"12855_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617720001058","volume":"27","author":"CS Gass","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gass CS, Patten B, Penate A, Rhodes A (2021) The Cognitive Difficulties Scale (CDS): psychometric characteristics in a clinical referral sample. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 27:351\u2013364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1355617720001058","journal-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc"},{"key":"12855_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x","volume":"67","author":"AS Zigmond","year":"1983","unstructured":"Zigmond AS, Snaith RP (1983) The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand 67:361\u2013370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"12855_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.7916\/D8PN93NZ","volume":"4","author":"NE Carlozzi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Carlozzi NE, Victorson D, Sung V et al (2014) HD-PRO-TRIAD\u2122 validation: a patient-reported instrument for the symptom triad of Huntington\u2019s disease. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov 4:223\u2013223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7916\/D8PN93NZ","journal-title":"Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov"},{"key":"12855_CR53","unstructured":"RStudio team (2023) RStudio: Integrated Development Environment for R"},{"key":"12855_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410410521","volume":"41","author":"JB Penney Jr","year":"1997","unstructured":"Penney JB Jr, Vonsattel J-P, Macdonald ME et al (1997) CAG repeat number governs the development rate of pathology in Huntington\u2019s disease. Ann Neurol 41:689\u2013692. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.410410521","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"12855_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251524592312172","DOI":"10.1177\/25152459231217238","volume":"7","author":"DR Skvarc","year":"2024","unstructured":"Skvarc DR, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M (2024) Calculating repeated-measures meta-analytic effects for continuous outcomes: a tutorial on pretest\u2013posttest-controlled designs. Adv Meth Pract Psychol Sci 7:25152459231217240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/25152459231217238","journal-title":"Adv Meth Pract Psychol Sci"},{"key":"12855_CR56","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"J Cohen","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cohen J (1988) Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences, 2nd edn. Routledge, New York","edition":"2"},{"key":"12855_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146","volume":"39","author":"F Faul","year":"2007","unstructured":"Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang A-G, Buchner A (2007) G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods 39:175\u2013191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/BF03193146","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"key":"12855_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/s40814-016-0105-8","volume":"2","author":"SM Eldridge","year":"2016","unstructured":"Eldridge SM, Chan CL, Campbell MJ et al (2016) CONSORT 2010 statement: extension to randomised pilot and feasibility trials. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2:64. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40814-016-0105-8","journal-title":"Pilot Feasibility Stud"},{"key":"12855_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0176429","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0176429","volume":"12","author":"M Sadeghi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sadeghi M, Barlow-Krelina E, Gibbons C et al (2017) Feasibility of computerized working memory training in individuals with Huntington disease. PLoS ONE 12:e0176429. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0176429","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"12855_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2011.12.010","volume":"16","author":"TS Braver","year":"2012","unstructured":"Braver TS (2012) The variable nature of cognitive control: a dual-mechanisms framework. Trends Cogn Sci 16:106\u2013113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tics.2011.12.010","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"12855_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13259","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5651-12.2013","volume":"33","author":"DSA Majid","year":"2013","unstructured":"Majid DSA, Cai W, Corey-Bloom J, Aron AR (2013) Proactive selective response suppression is implemented via the Basal Ganglia. J Neurosci 33:13259\u201313269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5651-12.2013","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"12855_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000196","volume":"145","author":"L Nguyen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nguyen L, Murphy K, Andrews G (2019) Immediate and long-term efficacy of executive functions cognitive training in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol Bull 145:698\u2013733. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/bul0000196","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"12855_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2015.00023","author":"S Japee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Japee S, Holiday K, Satyshur MD et al (2015) A role of right middle frontal gyrus in reorienting of attention: a case study. Front Syst Neurosci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnsys.2015.00023","journal-title":"Front Syst Neurosci"},{"key":"12855_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.04.017","volume":"58","author":"M Corbetta","year":"2008","unstructured":"Corbetta M, Patel G, Shulman GL (2008) The reorienting system of the human brain: from environment to theory of mind. Neuron 58:306\u2013324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.04.017","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"12855_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29972","author":"K Huynh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huynh K, Georgiou-Karistianis N, Lampit A et al (2024) Computerized cognitive training increases gray matter volumes in huntington\u2019s disease: a Pilot Study. Mov Disord n\/a: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.29972","journal-title":"Mov Disord n\/a:"},{"key":"12855_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2014-309768","volume":"86","author":"NZ Hobbs","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hobbs NZ, Farmer RE, Rees EM et al (2015) Short-interval observational data to inform clinical trial design in Huntington\u2019s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 86:1291\u20131298. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp-2014-309768","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"12855_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.56.8.1052","volume":"56","author":"AC Bachoud-L\u00e9vi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bachoud-L\u00e9vi AC., Maison P, Bartolomeo P, et al (2001) Retest effects and cognitive decline in longitudinal follow-up of patients with early HD. Neurol 56:1052\u20131058. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.56.8.1052","journal-title":"Neurol"},{"key":"12855_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15806","volume":"30","author":"S Mart\u00ednez-Horta","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Horta S, Perez-Perez J, Oltra-Cucarella J et al (2023) Divergent cognitive trajectories in early stage Huntington\u2019s disease: a 3-year longitudinal study. Eur J Neurol 30:1871\u20131879. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ene.15806","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"12855_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-023-03941-y","volume":"23","author":"J Zuschnegg","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zuschnegg J, Schoberer D, H\u00e4ussl A et al (2023) Effectiveness of computer-based interventions for community-dwelling people with cognitive decline: a systematic review with meta-analyses. BMC Geriatr 23:229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12877-023-03941-y","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"12855_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.0000000000002145","volume":"85","author":"IH Leung","year":"2015","unstructured":"Leung IH, Walton CC, Hallock H et al (2015) Cognitive training in Parkinson disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurol 85:1843\u20131851. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/wnl.0000000000002145","journal-title":"Neurol"},{"key":"12855_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e064576","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-064576","volume":"12","author":"M-C Requena-Komuro","year":"2022","unstructured":"Requena-Komuro M-C, Jiang J, Dobson L et al (2022) Remote versus face-to-face neuropsychological testing for dementia research: a comparative study in people with Alzheimer\u2019s disease, frontotemporal dementia and healthy older individuals. BMJ Open 12:e064576. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-064576","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"12855_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12737","volume":"19","author":"JB Langbaum","year":"2023","unstructured":"Langbaum JB, Zissimopoulos J, Au R et al (2023) Recommendations to address key recruitment challenges of Alzheimer\u2019s disease clinical trials. Alzheimers Dement 19:696\u2013707. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alz.12737","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"12855_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-10-1","volume":"10","author":"L Thabane","year":"2010","unstructured":"Thabane L, Ma J, Chu R et al (2010) A tutorial on pilot studies: the what, why and how. BMC Med Res Methodol 10:1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2288-10-1","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-024-12855-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00415-024-12855-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-024-12855-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,15]],"date-time":"2025-02-15T16:41:59Z","timestamp":1739637719000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00415-024-12855-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["12855"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-024-12855-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-5354","1432-1459"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0340-5354"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1432-1459"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 September 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 November 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 December 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 January 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"Approval was obtained from the Monash University Human Research Ethics Committee (approval number: 16420). The procedures used in this study adhere to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study via written consent form.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}}],"article-number":"159"}}