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Database search include: MEDLINE PUBMED, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A total of 13 studies involving 333,779 PwMS were included, reporting cancer events over periods ranging from 6 to 32\u00a0years. The aggregated pooled prevalence of cancer events in MS patients receiving disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) was 3.8% (95% CI 2.6, 5.2%), with substantial heterogeneity (<jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u200999.7%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090). Two studies compared cancer events in MS patients who received DMTs versus those who did not. The relative risk of cancer associated with DMTs was 0.8 (95% CI 0.59\u20131.31, <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u200993.6%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.53), indicating no significant increase in cancer risk due to DMTs. Breast and basal cell carcinomas had a high prevalence (18.4% and 11.3, respectively) in PwMS under DMTs.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This study reports a 3.8% pooled prevalence of cancer in PwMS receiving DMTs. The findings of this study suggest that DMTs alone do not increase cancer risk in PwMS. Breast cancer and basal cell carcinoma had the highest prevalence among the different types of cancer.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-024-12882-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T16:03:34Z","timestamp":1737648214000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Cancer in multiple sclerosis patients following prolonged exposure to disease-modifying therapies (DMTs): a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"272","author":[{"given":"Vasileios","family":"Giannopapas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vassiliki","family":"Smyrni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios K.","family":"Kitsos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Ioanna","family":"Stefanou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aikaterini","family":"Theodorou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John S.","family":"Tzartos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgios","family":"Tsivgoulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7443-5179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sotirios","family":"Giannopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"12882_CR1","volume":"15","author":"IM Dighriri","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dighriri IM, Aldalbahi AA, Albeladi F, Tahiri AA, Kinani EM, Almohsen RA et al (2023) An overview of the history, pathophysiology, and pharmacological interventions of multiple sclerosis. 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