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Respiratory dysfunction was defined as experiencing at least one of the following symptoms: breathing difficulties, breathlessness\/shortness of breath, tightening of the chest, frequent throat clearing, frequent coughing, or coughing difficulties. A principal component analysis (PCA) was used to define composite constructs of respiratory dysfunction. The association with participant-reported determinants was assessed using multivariable logistic regression models (with adjustment for pulmonary diseases and COVID-19 symptoms).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The overall prevalence rate of respiratory dysfunction was 44% in persons with PD (42% after excluding pulmonary diseases or COVID-19). The PCA resulted in two constructs of respiratory dysfunction: \u2018dyspnea\u2019 and \u2018dystussia\u2019 (an impaired cough response), which together explained 68% of the total variance. Female sex (OR\u2009=\u20091.39), higher BMI kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> (OR\u2009=\u20091.04), longer disease duration (OR\u2009=\u20091.35), greater self-reported rigidity (OR\u2009=\u20091.16), previous pulmonary disease(s) (OR\u2009=\u20097.12), and anxiety (OR\u2009=\u20091.04) were independently associated with \u2018dyspnea\u2019. Pulmonary disease(s) (OR\u2009=\u20091.81), COVID-19 symptoms (OR\u2009=\u20092.20), swallowing complaints (OR\u2009=\u20091.48), and speech complaints (OR\u2009=\u20091.02) were independently associated with \u2018dystussia\u2019.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Dyspnea and dystussia are common manifestations of respiratory dysfunction among people with PD and deserves more awareness in clinical practice. A proactive screening for the determinants of dyspnea and dystussia may contribute to earlier recognition and treatment of respiratory dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-025-13008-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,23]],"date-time":"2025-03-23T11:45:47Z","timestamp":1742730347000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Dyspnea and dystussia in Parkinson\u2019s disease: patient-reported prevalence and determinants"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"272","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4256-9265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veerle A.","family":"van de Wetering-van Dongen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maarten J.","family":"Nijkrake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip J.","family":"van der Wees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"IntHout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. 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Bastiaan R. Bloem currently serves as co-Editor in Chief for the Journal of Parkinson\u2019s disease, serves on the editorial of Practical Neurology and Digital Biomarkers, has received honoraria from serving on the scientific advisory board for Abbvie, Biogen and UCB, has received fees for speaking at conferences from AbbVie, Zambon, Roche, GE Healthcare and Bial, and has received research support from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, the Michael J Fox Foundation, UCB, Abbvie, the Stichting Parkinson Fonds, the Hersenstichting Nederland, the Parkinson\u2019s Foundation, Verily Life Sciences, Horizon 2020 and the Parkinson Vereniging.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"283"}}