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Previous research has explored the relationship between disease progression, motor symptoms, and the economic burden of PD. However, there is a lack of studies focusing on the relationship between costs and non-motor symptoms (NMS).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>To examine the association between societal costs and NMS in individuals with PD in Sweden.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Persons with idiopathic PD in the Swedish\u00a0Parkinson\u2019s disease registry from the region of Sk\u00e5ne with registrations of non-motor symptoms questionnaire (NMSQ) were included. Identified subjects were linked to administrative health care data registries, to estimate annual costs. A generalized linear model was used to assess the relationship between NMS and costs.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>NMS were present in 74% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009703) of the study population, with a mean of 6.9 symptoms per observation. The number of NMS increased with disease duration, and costs were higher for those with a greater number of symptoms. Formal care costs were 3.8 times higher in observations with at least 10 NMS. Experiencing hallucinations and\/or delusions was associated with an 80\u201394% increase in total costs, corresponding to an additional SEK 107,000\u2013121,000 per patient year.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Presence of NMS in PD is associated with substantial societal costs. Findings from this study highlight the necessity for comprehensive management strategies that address both motor and non-motor symptoms to potentially alleviate the burden on patients and the healthcare system.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-025-13044-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,30]],"date-time":"2025-03-30T20:33:44Z","timestamp":1743366824000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The association between non-motor symptoms and cost in Parkinson\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"272","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8321-3525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Gustafsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9721-2330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frida","family":"Hjalte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5402-1884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jenny","family":"Norlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0756-7478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Per","family":"Odin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2174-372X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Hagell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"13044_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23462","volume":"26","author":"P Martinez-Martin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Martinez-Martin P, Rodriguez-Blazquez C, Kurtis MM, Chaudhuri KR, Group NV (2011) The impact of non-motor symptoms on health-related quality of life of patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease. 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At the time of the study JMN was employed at IHE and had no conflicts of interest to declare. JMN is currently employed by LEO Pharma A\/S.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"The study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority, Lund, Sweden (Dnr 2013\/374 and 2019\/05791). All patients have provided their verbal informed consent to participate in the Swedish Parkinson\u2019s Disease registry. We confirm that we have read the Journal\u2019s position on issues involved in ethical publication and affirm that this work is consistent with those guidelines.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}],"article-number":"297"}}