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This observational, naturalistic study aimed to investigate the effects of long-term dopaminergic therapy on language performance in patients with de-novo PD based on a high-level linguistic analysis of natural spontaneous discourse.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A fairy-tale narration was recorded at baseline and a 12-month follow-up. The speech samples were automatically analyzed using six representative lexical and syntactic features based on automatic speech recognition and natural language processing.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We enrolled 109 de-novo PD patients compared to 68 healthy controls. All subjects completed the 12-month follow-up; 92 PD patients were on stable dopaminergic medication (PD-treated), while 17 PD patients remained without medication (PD-untreated). At baseline, the PD-treated group exhibited abnormalities in syntactic domains, particularly in sentence length (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009= 0.018) and sentence development (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009= 0.042) compared to healthy controls. After 12 months of dopaminergic therapy, PD-treated showed improvements in the syntactic domain, including sentence length (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009= 0.012) and sentence development <jats:italic>(p<\/jats:italic>\u2009= 0.030). Of all PD-treated patients, 37 were on monotherapy with dopamine agonists and manifested improvement in sentence length (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009= 0.048), while 32 were on monotherapy with levodopa and had no language amelioration. No changes in language parameters over time were seen in both the PD-untreated group and healthy controls.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Initiation of dopaminergic therapy improved high-language syntactic deficits in de-novo PD, confirming the role of dopamine in cognitive-linguistic processing. Automated linguistic analysis of spontaneous speech via natural language processing can assist in improving the prediction and management of language deficits in PD.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-025-13070-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T11:40:11Z","timestamp":1744890011000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Long-term dopaminergic therapy improves spoken language in de-novo Parkinson\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"272","author":[{"given":"Martin","family":"Subert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tereza","family":"Tykalova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michal","family":"Novotny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ondrej","family":"Bezdicek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petr","family":"Dusek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1036-3054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Rusz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"13070_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17013","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.13","volume":"3","author":"W Poewe","year":"2017","unstructured":"Poewe W, Seppi K, Tanner CM et al (2017) Parkinson disease. 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