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The CCAS-Scale, designed to screen for CCAS, has been validated in English Hoche (Brain 141:248\u2013270, 2018) and adapted to other languages.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Here, the German CCAS-Scale Thieme (Neurol Res Pract 2:39, 2020) was validated in 209 patients with cerebellar disorders and 232 healthy controls. Correction formulas for the outcome parameters [failed test items (range: 1\u201310) and sum raw score (range: 0\u2013120)] were developed, controlling for age, education, and sex effects. Diagnostic accuracy and reliability were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Correction formulas improved selectivity in controls, reducing false positives (failed items: 40%; sum score: 13% vs. original method Hoche (Brain 141:248\u2013270, 2018): 67%), while maintaining moderate sensitivity (failed items: 69%; sum score: 48% vs. original method Hoche (Brain 141:248\u2013270, 2018): 87%). Word fluency tests differentiated best between patients and controls, while other items did not. Internal consistency (\u03b1 =\u20090.71) was acceptable. Removal of word fluency tests worsened it. Retest and interrater reliability were high [intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC): 0.77\u20130.95]. However, these ICCs yielded a large minimal detectable change (MDC; 2.2\u20132.4 failed items, 9.5\u201311.4 raw score points) in patients, limiting the use of the CCAS-Scale in follow-up examinations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The correction formulas improved diagnostic accuracy of the CCAS-Scale, particularly for the sum raw score. Therefore, we recommend using the\n                      <jats:italic>corrected<\/jats:italic>\n                      sum raw score for evaluation instead of the\n                      <jats:italic>uncorrected<\/jats:italic>\n                      number of failed items, proposed originally Hoche (Brain 141:248\u2013270, 2018). Some test items, however, did not differentiate well between patients and controls and MDCs were large, highlighting the need for refined CCAS assessment instruments as progression or treatment outcomes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-025-13083-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T05:43:34Z","timestamp":1744868614000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Optimizing selectivity of the Cerebellar Cognitive Affective Syndrome Scale by use of correction formulas, and validation of its German version"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"272","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6221-8601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Thieme","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Rubarth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"van der Veen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Faber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Barkhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Minnerop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saskia","family":"Elben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana","family":"Huvermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Friedrich","family":"Erdlenbruch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam M.","family":"Berlijn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Sulzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathrin","family":"Reetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imis","family":"Dogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heike","family":"Jacobi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia-Elisabeth","family":"Aktories","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgi","family":"Batsikadze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedikt","family":"Frank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"K\u00f6hrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elke","family":"Wondzinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Siebler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Konczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthis","family":"Synofzik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Klockgether","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Konietschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"R\u00f6ske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dagmar","family":"Timmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"13083_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-98817-9.00024-7","volume":"196","author":"M Manto","year":"2023","unstructured":"Manto M, Mitoma H (2023) Cerebellum: from the identification of the cerebellar motor syndrome to the internal models. 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M.M. was supported by the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, MI 709\/2\u20131) and by the German Heredo-Ataxia Society (Deutsche Heredo-Ataxie-Gesellschaft e.V.), and received honoraria from Biogen, unrelated to this research. F.E. received a scholarship of UMEA\/DFG (University Medicine Essen Clinician Scientist Academy\u2014a program funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG); FU356\/12\u20132), unrelated to the present manuscript. Ka.R. received grants from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF 01DN18022), the German Research Foundation (DFG; IRTG 2150), Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research within the Faculty of Medicine at the RWTH Aachen University, Germany (OC2); \u201cAlzheimer Forschung Initiative e.V.\u201d (NL- 18002 CB), Friedreich\u2019s Ataxia Research Alliance (FARA), and honoraria for presentations from Roche, Biogen, Lilly, and EISAI and for advisory board membership of Roche and Biogen, all unrelated to the present manuscript. I.D. received grants from Friedreich\u2019s Ataxia Research Alliance (FARA) and the Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research within the faculty of Medicine at the RWTH Aachen University (OC2), all unrelated to the present manuscript. Ma.Sy. has received consultancy honoraria from Ionis, UCB, Prevail, Orphazyme, Biogen, Servier, Reata, GenOrph, AviadoBio, Biohaven, Zevra, Lilly, Quince, and Solaxa, all unrelated to the present manuscript. D.T. received grants from the German Research Foundation, the European Union and the Bernd Fink Foundation, all unrelated to the present manuscript. All other authors declare no financial disclosures or conflicts of interest. The above-mentioned funders had no role in study design, data collection, analysis, and interpretation, writing of the report, or in the decision to submit the paper for publication.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the local ethics committees of the participating sites and performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki of 1964 and its later amendments.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Participants\u2019 written informed consent was obtained prior to any study-related procedures.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}],"article-number":"343"}}