{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T18:16:07Z","timestamp":1793643367139,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749427200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749427200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-025-13161-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T08:47:25Z","timestamp":1749458845000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Monitoring anti-Rituximab antibodies in myasthenia gravis affects the time to event during Rituximab treatment"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"272","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6875-9613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlotte","family":"H\u00e9raud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saskia","family":"Bresch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00e9ronique","family":"Bourg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cassandre","family":"Landes-Ch\u00e2teau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Ruetsch-Chelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Ticchioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Seitz-Polski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Lebrun-Frenay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"13161_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00145-3","volume":"14","author":"NE Gilhus","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gilhus NE, Verschuuren JJ (2015) Myasthenia gravis: subgroup classification and therapeutic strategies. Lancet Neurol. 14(10):1023\u201336","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"10","key":"13161_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004341","volume":"89","author":"MK Hehir","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hehir MK, Hobson-Webb LD, Benatar M, Barnett C, Silvestri NJ, Howard JF et al (2017) Rituximab as treatment for anti-MuSK myasthenia gravis: multicenter blinded prospective review. Neurology. 89(10):1069\u201377","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"issue":"1","key":"13161_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102712","volume":"20","author":"AM Lascano","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lascano AM, Lalive PH (2021) Update in immunosuppressive therapy of myasthenia gravis. Autoimmun Rev. 20(1):102712","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"13161_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.1.16","volume":"55","author":"A Jaretzki","year":"2000","unstructured":"Jaretzki A, Barohn RJ, Ernstoff RM, Kaminski HJ, Keesey JC, Penn AS et al (2000) Myasthenia gravis: recommendations for clinical research standards. Task force of the medical scientific advisory board of the myasthenia gravis foundation of America. Neurology. 55(1):16\u201323","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"issue":"12","key":"13161_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e519","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2015.136622","volume":"100","author":"Y Nannya","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nannya Y, Goto N, Shimizu M, Seishima M, Tsurumi H (2015) Efficacy of rituximab maintenance therapy for aggressive B-cell lymphoma depends on use of rituximab in induction therapy: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Haematologica 100(12):e519-520","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"issue":"1","key":"13161_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-021-02589-6","volume":"23","author":"F Faustini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Faustini F, Dunn N, Kharlamova N, Ryner M, Bruchfeld A, Malmstr\u00f6m V et al (2021) First exposure to rituximab is associated to high rate of anti-drug antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus but not in ANCA-associated vasculitis. Arthritis Res Ther. 23(1):211","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther."},{"issue":"316","key":"13161_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2017.12.021","volume":"15","author":"T Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li T, Zhang LJ, Zhang QX, Yang CS, Zhang C, Li YJ et al (2018) Anti-Rituximab antibody in patients with NMOSDs treated with low dose Rituximab. J Neuroimmunol. 15(316):107\u201311","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"13161_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01951","volume":"11","author":"A Vaisman-Mentesh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vaisman-Mentesh A, Gutierrez-Gonzalez M, DeKosky BJ, Wine Y (2020) The molecular mechanisms that underlie the immune biology of anti-drug antibody formation following treatment with monoclonal antibodies. Front Immunol. 11:1951","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"13161_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/EVIDoa2100066","author":"T Vu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vu T, Meisel A, Mantegazza R, Annane D, Katsuno M, Aguzzi R et al (2022) Terminal complement Inhibitor Ravulizumab in generalized myasthenia gravi. NEJM Evidence. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/EVIDoa2100066","journal-title":"NEJM Evidence"},{"issue":"3","key":"13161_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011124","volume":"96","author":"P Narayanaswami","year":"2021","unstructured":"Narayanaswami P, Sanders DB, Wolfe G, Benatar M, Cea G, Evoli A et al (2021) International consensus guidance for management of myasthenia gravis: 2020 update. Neurology. 96(3):114\u201322","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"issue":"4","key":"13161_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2019-322606","volume":"91","author":"V Di Stefano","year":"2020","unstructured":"Di Stefano V, Lupica A, Rispoli MG, Di Muzio A, Brighina F, Rodolico C (2020) Rituximab in AChR subtype of myasthenia gravis: systematic review. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 91(4):392\u20135","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry."},{"issue":"3","key":"13161_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbj.2017.02.002","volume":"2","author":"J Peres","year":"2017","unstructured":"Peres J, Martins R, Alves JD, Valverde A (2017) Rituximab in generalized myasthenia gravis: Clinical, quality of life and cost-utility analysis. Porto Biomed J. 2(3):81\u20135","journal-title":"Porto Biomed J."},{"issue":"3","key":"13161_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.21521","volume":"41","author":"N Zebardast","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zebardast N, Patwa HS, Novella SP, Goldstein JM (2010) Rituximab in the management of refractory myasthenia gravis. Muscle Nerve. 41(3):375\u20138","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve."},{"issue":"4","key":"13161_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2010.01345.x","volume":"122","author":"C Lindberg","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lindberg C, Bokarewa M (2010) Rituximab for severe myasthenia gravis\u2013experience from five patients. Acta Neurol Scand. 122(4):225\u20138","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand."},{"issue":"5","key":"13161_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1177\/1756285611411503","volume":"4","author":"RJ Nowak","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nowak RJ, Dicapua DB, Zebardast N, Goldstein JM (2011) Response of patients with refractory myasthenia gravis to rituximab: a retrospective study. Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 4(5):259\u201366","journal-title":"Ther Adv Neurol Disord."},{"key":"13161_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.736190","author":"C Zhao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhao C, Pu M, Chen D, Shi J, Li Z, Guo J et al (2024) Effectiveness and safety of rituximab for refractory myasthenia gravis: a systematic review and single-arm meta-analysis. Front Neurol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2021.736190","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"13161_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1931","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.359277","volume":"70","author":"S Shivaram","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shivaram S, Nagappa M, Varghese N, Seshagiri DV, Duble S, Siddappa SA et al (2022) Rituximab in myasthenia gravis- experience from a low- and middle-income country (LMIC) setting. Neurol Ind. 70(5):1931\u201341","journal-title":"Neurol Ind."},{"issue":"2","key":"13161_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-021-01006-9","volume":"18","author":"C Ruetsch-Chelli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ruetsch-Chelli C, Bresch S, Seitz-Polski B, Rosenthal A, Desnuelle C, Cohen M et al (2021) Memory B cells predict relapse in rituximab-treated myasthenia gravis. Neurotherapeutics. 18(2):938\u201348","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics."},{"issue":"6","key":"13161_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.b.22195","volume":"106","author":"P Kelleher","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kelleher P, Greathead L, Whitby L, Brando B, Barnett D, UK NEQAS Leucocyte Immunophenotyping Steering Committee et al (2024) European flow cytometry quality assurance guidelines for the diagnosis of primary immune deficiencies and assessment of immune reconstitution following B cell depletion therapies and transplantation. Cytometry B Clin Cytom. 106(6):424\u201336","journal-title":"Cytometry B Clin Cytom."},{"issue":"7","key":"13161_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2601","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keac608","volume":"62","author":"C Wincup","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wincup C, Dunn N, Ruetsch-Chelli C, Manouchehrinia A, Kharlamova N, Naja M et al (2023) Anti-rituximab antibodies demonstrate neutralizing capacity, associate with lower circulating drug levels and earlier relapse in lupus. Rheumatology (Oxford). 62(7):2601\u201310","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)."},{"issue":"4","key":"13161_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2021.01.022","volume":"6","author":"M Teisseyre","year":"2021","unstructured":"Teisseyre M, Boyer-Suavet S, Cr\u00e9moni M, Brglez V, Esnault V, Seitz-Polski B (2021) Analysis and management of rituximab resistance in PLA2R1-associated membranous nephropathy. Kidney Int Rep. 6(4):1183\u20138","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep."},{"issue":"9","key":"13161_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2015.1276","volume":"72","author":"SH Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim SH, Jeong IH, Hyun JW, Joung A, Jo HJ, Hwang SH et al (2015) Treatment outcomes with rituximab in 100 patients with neuromyelitis optica: influence of FCGR3A polymorphisms on the therapeutic response to rituximab. JAMA Neurol. 72(9):989\u201395","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"13161_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2016.07.009","volume":"298","author":"C Lebrun","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lebrun C, Bourg V, Bresch S, Cohen M, Rosenthal-Allieri MA, Desnuelle C et al (2016) Therapeutic target of memory B cells depletion helps to tailor administration frequency of rituximab in myasthenia gravis. J Neuroimmunol. 298:79\u201381","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol."},{"issue":"7","key":"13161_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.52.7.1487","volume":"52","author":"G Wolfe","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wolfe G, Herbelin L, Nations SP, Foster B, Bryan WW, Barohn RJ (1999) Myasthenia gravis activities of daily living profile. Neurology 52(7):1487\u20139","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"15_supplement","key":"13161_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.92.15_supplement.P2.2-102","volume":"92","author":"T McPherson","year":"2019","unstructured":"McPherson T, Aban I, Duda P, Farzaneh-Far R, Wolfe G, Kaminski H et al (2019) Comparison of the quantitative myasthenia gravis (QMG) and myasthenia gravis activities of daily living (MG-ADL) scores in the MGTX randomized trial (P2.2\u2013102). Neurology. 92(15_supplement):22\u2013102","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"issue":"9","key":"13161_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458517720044","volume":"24","author":"N Dunn","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dunn N, Juto A, Ryner M, Manouchehrinia A, Piccoli L, Fink K et al (2018) Rituximab in multiple sclerosis: frequency and clinical relevance of anti-drug antibodies. Mult Scler. 24(9):1224\u201333","journal-title":"Mult Scler."},{"issue":"1","key":"13161_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-020-10362-z","volume":"269","author":"CG Chisari","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chisari CG, Sgarlata E, Arena S, Toscano S, Luca M, Patti F (2022) Rituximab for the treatment of multiple sclerosis: a review. J Neurol. 269(1):159\u201383","journal-title":"J Neurol."},{"key":"13161_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3069","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.03069","volume":"10","author":"S Boyer-Suavet","year":"2019","unstructured":"Boyer-Suavet S, Andreani M, Lateb M, Savenkoff B, Brglez V, Benzaken S et al (2019) Neutralizing anti-rituximab antibodies and relapse in membranous nephropathy treated with rituximab. Front Immunol. 10:3069","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"issue":"3 & 4","key":"13161_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_312_19","volume":"155","author":"F Saffari","year":"2022","unstructured":"Saffari F, Jafarzadeh A (2022) Development of anti-rituximab antibodies in rituximab-treated patients: Related parameters & consequences. Indian J Med Res. 155(3 & 4):335\u201346","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"13161_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12742","volume":"184","author":"GR Gunn","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gunn GR, Sealey DCF, Jamali F, Meibohm B, Ghosh S, Shankar G (2016) From the bench to clinical practice: understanding the challenges and uncertainties in immunogenicity testing for biopharmaceuticals. Clin Exp Immunol. 184(2):137\u201346","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-025-13161-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00415-025-13161-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-025-13161-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]],"date-time":"2025-09-06T18:57:51Z","timestamp":1757185071000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00415-025-13161-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["13161"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-025-13161-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-5354","1432-1459"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-5354","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1459","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 May 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 May 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 June 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Charlotte H\u00e9raud, Saskia Bresch, V\u00e9ronique Bourg, Cassandre Landes-Ch\u00e2teau, Caroline Ruetsch-Chelli, Michel Ticchioni, Barbara Seitz-Polski, and Christine Lebrun-Frenay have no conflict of interest to declare.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"This study complied with good clinical practice guidelines and the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}],"article-number":"451"}}