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Treatments for FND include physiotherapy and psychological therapy. Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing therapy (EMDR) is a therapy designed to reduce disturbance associated with distressing or traumatic memories. Case report evidence suggests possible benefit for people with FND. This randomised feasibility study aimed to assess whether a large-scale trial evaluating EMDR for FND would be feasible and acceptable.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Fifty participants with FND were randomised to either FND-focused EMDR plus standard neuropsychiatric care (NPC) or NPC alone. Feasibility criteria were recruitment rate, intervention adherence, and outcome measure completion. Assessment of safety was also examined, as well as therapy satisfaction. Participants completed questionnaires at baseline, 3\u00a0months, 6\u00a0months and 9\u00a0months. FND symptoms were assessed using Ecological Momentary Assessment at each time point.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Recruitment rate was 58%, intervention adherence was 88%, and outcome measure completion was 68% for Ecological Momentary Assessment and 76% for questionnaires at 9-month follow-up. Participants experienced functional motor symptoms (80%), functional seizures (64%), and cognitive symptoms (32%). Participants receiving EMDR\u2009+\u2009NPC reported greater satisfaction and greater FND improvement compared to NPC. Questionnaire data suggested greater reductions in PTSD, depression, anxiety, dissociation, disability and healthcare-use for EMDR\u2009+\u2009NPC.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The study demonstrated that an FND-specific protocol for EMDR was feasible and acceptable. Potential positive effects on FND symptoms, mental health, disability, and healthcare utilisation were found. A full-scale trial is warranted to establish efficacy.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>NCT05455450 (<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\" ext-link-type=\"uri\">www.clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-025-13219-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T04:01:43Z","timestamp":1751947303000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Randomised feasibility study evaluating eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing therapy for functional neurological disorder (MODIFI)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"272","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1672-9459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah R.","family":"Cope","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6138-136X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jared G.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3017-2810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharif","family":"El-Leithy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5240-8874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serena","family":"Vanzan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Hogwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawn","family":"Golder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kati Jane","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maeve","family":"Crowley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1238-2440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo","family":"Billings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2001-6723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susannah","family":"Pick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caitlin","family":"Pentland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8283-9015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark J.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"13219_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2020-323953","volume":"92","author":"DL Perez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Perez DL, Edwards MJ, Nielsen G et al (2021) Decade of progress in motor functional neurological disorder: Continuing the momentum. 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M.J.E. has shares in Brain & Mind, which provides neuropsychiatric and neurological rehabilitation in the independent medical sector. M.J.E. has received financial support for lectures from the International Parkinson\u2019s and Movement Disorders Society and the FND Society (FNDS). M.J.E. receives royalties from Oxford University Press for his book The Oxford Specialist Handbook of Parkinson\u2019s Disease and Other Movement Disorder. M.J.E has received honoraria for medical advice to Teva Pharmaceuticals and educational events. M.J.E. receives grant funding from the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR). M.J.E. is an associate editor of the European Journal of Neurology. M.J.E is a board member of the FNDS. M.J.E. is on the medical advisory boards of the charities FND Hope UK and the British Association of Performing Arts Medicine. SC, JGS, SEL, SV, PH, DG, KJT, MC, JB, SP, and CP declare that they have no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the NHS West Midlands-Edgbaston Research Ethics Committee and Health Research Authority. All participants provided written informed consent. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Trial Registration: NCT05455450 ().","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}],"article-number":"493"}}