{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T13:31:50Z","timestamp":1783603910693,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755734400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Annette Funicello Research Fund for Neurological Diseases"},{"name":"Jacquemin Family Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Chronic active white matter inflammation is linked with multiple sclerosis (MS) clinical severity and is likely integral in MS progression. It has also been associated with choroid plexus (CP) inflammation in vivo, pointing to a potential pathophysiological link between the two phenomena. However, how these aspects of the disease co-evolve over time remains poorly understood nor has their relationship been specifically assessed in people with progressive MS (pwPMS).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In this retrospective analysis of a longitudinal study, 129 people with MS (pwMS; 86 people with relapsing remitting (pwRRMS) and 43 pwPMS) were imaged with 3\u00a0T MRI at baseline and after 5.4\u00a0years of follow-up. CP volume and CP pseudo-T2 (pT2) were calculated as measures reflecting CP inflammation in MS. Paramagnetic rim lesions (PRLs), a marker of chronic active white matter inflammation, were assessed at baseline for the whole cohort, and longitudinally in 96 pwMS with available data (66 pwRRMS, 32 pwPMS). Baseline and longitudinal associations between the CP and PRLs, including interactions with disease course, were assessed, adjusted for covariates including age and sex.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>PwMS with PRLs had significantly larger CP volume at baseline than pwMS without PRLs after correcting for age, sex, and disease duration (mean difference: 0.3\u2009\u00b1\u20091.2\u00a0mL; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.042). Longitudinally, baseline PRL number was associated with increased CP volume in pwPMS (<jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.22\u00a0mL\/mL; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), but not people with relapsing\u2013remitting MS (<jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\u2009= \u2212\u20090.01\u00a0mL\/mL; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.7).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Increased CP volume is related to chronic white matter inflammation, particularly in pwPMS.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-025-13309-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T08:13:45Z","timestamp":1755764025000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Paramagnetic rim lesions are associated with choroid plexus inflammation and expansion over 5\u00a0years in people with multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"272","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4079-5664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jack A.","family":"Reeves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"Tranquille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9676-7377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Bartnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8429-3254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maryam","family":"Mohebbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3873-2301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fahad","family":"Salman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7114-4958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dejan","family":"Jakimovski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0399-9211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ferdinand","family":"Schweser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6732-151X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bianca","family":"Weinstock-Guttman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4684-4658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael G.","family":"Dwyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2580-3646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleonora","family":"Tavazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7799-1485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Zivadinov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7792-0433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niels","family":"Bergsland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"13309_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175628642110076","DOI":"10.1177\/17562864211007687","volume":"14","author":"S Haase","year":"2021","unstructured":"Haase S, Linker RA (2021) Inflammation in multiple sclerosis. 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Reeves has nothing to disclose. Ashley Tranquille has nothing to disclose. Alexander Bartnik has nothing to disclose. Maryam Mohebbi has nothing to disclose. Fahad Salman has nothing to disclose. Dejan Jakimovski has nothing to disclose. Ferdinand Schweser has nothing to disclose. Bianca Weinstock-Guttman has participated in speaker\u2019s bureaus and\/or served as a consultant for Biogen, EMD Serono, Novartis, Genentech, Celgene\/Bristol Meyers Squibb, Sanofi Genzyme, Bayer, Janssen, Labcorp and Horizon. Dr. Weinstock-Guttman also has received grant\/research support from the agencies listed in the previous sentence. She serves in the editorial board for BMJ Neurology, Children, CNS Drugs, MS International and Frontiers Epidemiology. Michael G. Dwyer has received personal compensation from Mapi Pharma for consultant fees. He received financial support for research activities from Bristol Myers Squibb, Mapi Pharma, Protembis and V-WAVE Medical. Eleonora Tavazzi has nothing to disclose. Robert Zivadinov has received personal compensation from Bristol Myers Squibb, EMD Serono, Sanofi, Janssen, Sanofi, 415 Capital, Filterlex and Mapi Pharma for speaking and consultant fees. He received financial support for research activities from Novartis, Bristol Myers Squibb, EMD Serono, Octave, Mapi Pharma, CorEvitas, Protembis and V-WAVE Medical. Niels Bergsland has nothing to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Approval for the study was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of the University at Buffalo.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"All participants provided written informed consent in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}],"article-number":"585"}}