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The presence of other conditions alongside MS imposes a substantial personal and socioeconomic burden. In particular, the impact of comorbid autoimmune diseases (AID) on MS outcomes remains uncertain. In this retrospective longitudinal study, we examined the prevalence of AID in a cohort of patients with different types of MS. For patients with relapsing\u2013remitting MS (RRMS), negative binomial and linear regression models were used to assess adjusted associations between the presence of AID and various other clinical parameters of MS disease. A total of 861 MS patients were included, of whom 148 (17.2%) had one or more comorbid autoimmune diseases (AID). The majority of the patients with MS and AID were women (79.1%). The most prevalent AID was autoimmune thyroiditis (58.1%), followed by psoriasis (16.2%) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (11.5%). Among the 662 RRMS patients, we observed minimal changes in key metrics such as disease-modifying therapies (DMT), relapse rates, steroids dosages, plasma exchanges, or changes in the expanded disability status scale (EDSS) for those with AID. For example, the incident rate of relapses in DMT-na\u00efve patients with AID was nearly identical to that of those without AID (incident rate ratio\u2009=\u20090.92, 95% confidence interval: 0.81 \u2013 1.04). Our findings highlight the notable co-occurrence of AID among patients with MS and suggest that these comorbidities do not affect the progression of RRMS, regardless of DMT use. Reassessing this in large, multicenter, prospective, long-term studies is essential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-025-13351-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T10:43:14Z","timestamp":1756896194000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The impact of autoimmune comorbidities on multiple sclerosis progression: insights from a longitudinal single-center study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"272","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3518-8043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Derya","family":"Aslan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Bourabia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"Kowall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agne","family":"Straukiene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantin Fritz","family":"Jendretzky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franz Felix","family":"Konen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8550-335X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Skripuletz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8340-6641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aksel","family":"Siva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2541-7107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet Fatih","family":"Yetkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Hagenacker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1650-8875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Kleinschnitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8940-9317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Refik","family":"Pul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8509-6563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jelena","family":"Skuljec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"13351_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01473-3","volume":"403","author":"D Jakimovski","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jakimovski D, Bittner S, Zivadinov R, Morrow SA, Benedict RH, Zipp F, Weinstock-Guttman B (2024) Multiple sclerosis. 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D. Aslan, S. Bourabia, B. Kowall, and M. F. Yetkin: nothing to declare. A. Straukiene: Biogen Idec, Merck Serono, Novartis, Roche, Sandoz, Sanofi Genzyme and Viatris (speaking and lecture fees, consultation or advisory fees, travel reimbursement). K. F. Jendretzky: Merck, Neuraxpharm, and Novartis (travel reimbursement). F. F. Konen: Argenx, Alexion (consultation or advisory fees), Argenx, Alexion, Merck (speaking and lecture fees), Argenx, Alexion, Merck, Novartis (travel reimbursement). T. Skripuletz: Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, CSL Behring, Merck, Novartis, Siemens (research grant), Alexion, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Argenx, Bayer Vital, Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, Centogene, CSL Behring, Euroimmun, Grifols, Hexal AG, Horizon, Janssen-Cilag, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, Siemens, Swedish Orphan Biovitrum, Teva, Viatris (speaking and lecture fees, travel reimbursement), Alexion, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Argenx, Biogen, Centogene, CSL Behring, Grifols, Hexal AG, Janssen-Cilag, Merck Serono, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi, Swedish Orphan Biovitrum, Viatris (consultation or advisory fees). A. Siva: F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Novartis, Sanofi-Genzyme, Merck-Serono, Teva, Biogen Idec\/Gen Pharma of Turkey, Alexion, and Abdi Ibrahim Ila\u00e7, Turkey (consultation or advisory fees, speaking and lecture fees and\/or travel reimbursement). T. Hagenacker: Alexion, Argenx, Biogen, Roche, UCB, Sanofi (consultation or advisory fees\/speaking and lecture fees), Roche and Biogen (funding or grants). C. Kleinschnitz: Neuroscience Fondation, University M\u00fcnster, Germany and Corona Foundation (board membership), Biontech, Merck, Dermapharm (equity and stock ownership), Alexion, Amgen, Argenx, Astra Zenica, Bayer, Biogen, Bristol Myers-Squibb, C.T.I., Daiichi Sankyo, derCampus, Docspert, Doctorflix, Esai, GE Healthcare, Horizon Therapeutics, Hexal, impulze, Janssen\/Johnson-Johnson, Lilly, MedTriX, Merck, Neuroaxpharm, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Roland Winter, Sanofi-Aventis, Sandoz, Schmitz, Visuelle Kommunikation, Simon Kucher & Partner, Stada, StreamedUp!, Teva (consulation or advisory fees), Alexion, Amgen, Argenx, Astra Zeneca, Bayer, Biogen, Bristol Myers-Squibb, C.T.I., Daiichi Sankyo, derCampus, Docspert, Doctorflix, Esai, GE Healthcare, Horizon Therapeutics, Hexal, impulse, Janssen\/Johnson-Johnson, Lilly, MedTriX, Merck, Neuroaxpharm, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Roland Winter, Sanofi-Aventis, Sandoz, Schmitz Visuelle Kommunikation, Simon Kucher & Partner, Stada, StreamedUp!, Teva, Viatris (speaking and lecture fees, travel reimbursement). R. Pul: Alexion, Amgen\/Horizon, Bayer Healthcare, Biogen, Bristol-Mayers Squibb\/Celgene, Merck, Mylan, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi (consultation or advisory fees, speaking and lecture fees and\/or travel reimbursement), Merck and Novartis (funding or grants). J. Skuljec: Alexion, Merck, Roche, and Sanofi (speaking and lecture fees), Novartis and Sanofi (travel reimbursement).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of University Duisburg-Essen (Nr. 22\u201310594-BO).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}],"article-number":"607"}}