{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T19:04:16Z","timestamp":1789153456557,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004332","name":"Seoul National University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["0320212020 (2021-2608)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0320212020 (2021-2608)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004332","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003625","name":"Ministry of Health and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2023-00265517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00265517"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003625","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-025-13352-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T15:43:30Z","timestamp":1757087010000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Syllable-based speech characteristics as potential biomarker for differential diagnosis of Parkinson\u2019s disease, multiple system atrophy, and cerebellar ataxia"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"272","author":[{"given":"Hyunsun","family":"Ham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bora","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwang Su","family":"Cha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung Ah","family":"Woo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung Hwan","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8219-9663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Han-Joon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"13352_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-019-09271-7","volume":"266","author":"J Rusz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rusz J, Tykalov\u00e1 T, Salerno G, Bancone S, Scarpelli J, Pellecchia MT (2019) Distinctive speech signature in cerebellar and parkinsonian subtypes of multiple system atrophy. J Neurol 266(6):1394\u20131404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-019-09271-7","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"13352_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-022-00389-6","volume":"8","author":"K Daoudi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Daoudi K, Das B, Tykalova T, Klempir J, Rusz J (2022) Speech acoustic indices for differential diagnosis between Parkinson\u2019s disease, multiple system atrophy and progressive supranuclear palsy. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 8(1):142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41531-022-00389-6","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis"},{"issue":"Pt 6","key":"13352_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws093","volume":"135","author":"RB Postuma","year":"2012","unstructured":"Postuma RB, Lang AE, Gagnon JF, Pelletier A, Montplaisir JY (2012) How does parkinsonism start? Prodromal parkinsonism motor changes in idiopathic REM sleep behaviour disorder. Brain 135(Pt 6):1860\u20131870. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/aws093","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1","key":"13352_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-00047-5","volume":"7","author":"J Hlavni\u010dka","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hlavni\u010dka J, \u010cmejla R, Tykalov\u00e1 T, \u0160onka K, R\u016f\u017ei\u010dka E, Rusz J (2017) Automated analysis of connected speech reveals early biomarkers of Parkinson\u2019s disease in patients with rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder. Sci Rep 7(1):12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-00047-5","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"13352_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1155\/1999\/327643","volume":"11","author":"AK Ho","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ho AK, Iansek R, Marigliani C, Bradshaw JL, Gates S (1998) Speech impairment in a large sample of patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease. Behav Neurol 11(3):131\u2013137","journal-title":"Behav Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"13352_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1996.00550060089021","volume":"53","author":"KJ Kluin","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kluin KJ, Gilman S, Lohman M, Junck L (1996) Characteristics of the dysarthria of multiple system atrophy. Arch Neurol 53(6):545\u2013548. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archneur.1996.00550060089021","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"13352_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/117.4.835","volume":"117","author":"GK Wenning","year":"1994","unstructured":"Wenning GK, Ben Shlomo Y, Magalh\u00e3es M, Daniel SE, Quinn NP (1994) Clinical features and natural history of multiple system atrophy. An analysis of 100 cases. Brain 117(4):835\u2013845. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/117.4.835","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"2","key":"13352_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.41987","volume":"56","author":"S Sachin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sachin S, Shukla G, Goyal V, Singh S, Aggarwal V, Gureshkumar et al (2008) Clinical speech impairment in Parkinson\u2019s disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, and multiple system atrophy. Neurol India 56(2):122\u2013126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0028-3886.41987","journal-title":"Neurol India"},{"issue":"4","key":"13352_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-015-7671-1","volume":"262","author":"J Rusz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rusz J, Bonnet C, Klemp\u00ed\u0159 J, Tykalov\u00e1 T, Baborov\u00e1 E, Novotn\u00fd M et al (2015) Speech disorders reflect differing pathophysiology in Parkinson\u2019s disease, progressive supranuclear palsy and multiple system atrophy. J Neurol 262(4):992\u20131001. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-015-7671-1","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"13352_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870100506","volume":"10","author":"C Stewart","year":"1995","unstructured":"Stewart C, Winfield L, Hunt A, Bressman SB, Fahn S, Blitzer A et al (1995) Speech dysfunction in early Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord 10(5):562\u2013565. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.870100506","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"13352_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2171","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4816541","volume":"134","author":"J Rusz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rusz J, Cmejla R, Tykalova T, Ruzickova H, Klempir J, Majerova V et al (2013) Imprecise vowel articulation as a potential early marker of Parkinson\u2019s disease: effect of speaking task. J Acoust Soc Am 134(3):2171\u20132181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1121\/1.4816541","journal-title":"J Acoust Soc Am"},{"key":"13352_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2015.04.007","volume":"147","author":"YE Huh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Huh YE, Park J, Suh MK, Lee SE, Kim J, Jeong Y et al (2015) Differences in early speech patterns between Parkinson variant of multiple system atrophy and Parkinson\u2019s disease. Brain Lang 147:14\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bandl.2015.04.007","journal-title":"Brain Lang"},{"key":"13352_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2016.11.005","volume":"165","author":"T Tykalova","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tykalova T, Rusz J, Klempir J, Cmejla R, Ruzicka E (2017) Distinct patterns of imprecise consonant articulation among Parkinson\u2019s disease, progressive supranuclear palsy and multiple system atrophy. Brain Lang 165:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bandl.2016.11.005","journal-title":"Brain Lang"},{"issue":"4","key":"13352_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2008.2005954","volume":"56","author":"MA Little","year":"2009","unstructured":"Little MA, McSharry PE, Hunter EJ, Spielman J, Ramig LO (2009) Suitability of dysphonia measurements for telemonitoring of Parkinson\u2019s disease. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 56(4):1015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TBME.2008.2005954","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"9","key":"13352_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000324625.00404.15","volume":"71","author":"S Gilman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gilman S, Wenning GK, Low PA, Brooks DJ, Mathias CJ, Trojanowski JQ et al (2008) Second consensus statement on the diagnosis of multiple system atrophy. Neurology 71(9):670\u2013676. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/01.wnl.0000324625.00404.15","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"12","key":"13352_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26424","volume":"30","author":"RB Postuma","year":"2015","unstructured":"Postuma RB, Berg D, Stern M, Poewe W, Olanow CW, Oertel W et al (2015) MDS clinical diagnostic criteria for Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord 30(12):1591\u20131601. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.26424","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"13352_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2022.107133","volume":"226","author":"QC Ngo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ngo QC, Motin MA, Pah ND, Drot\u00e1r P, Kempster P, Kumar D (2022) Computerized analysis of speech and voice for Parkinson\u2019s disease: a systematic review. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 226:107133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmpb.2022.107133","journal-title":"Comput Methods Programs Biomed"},{"key":"13352_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.21437\/speechprosody.2022-25","volume":"2022","author":"S Cho","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cho S, Agmon G, Shellikeri S, Cousins KAQ, Ash S, Irwin DJ et al (2022) Prosodic characteristics of prepausal words produced by patients with neurodegenerative disease. Speech Prosody 2022:120\u2013124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21437\/speechprosody.2022-25","journal-title":"Speech Prosody"},{"key":"13352_CR19","first-page":"341","volume":"5","author":"P Boersma","year":"2001","unstructured":"Boersma P, Weenink D (2001) Praat, a system for doing phonetics by computer. Glot Int 5:341\u2013345","journal-title":"Glot Int"},{"key":"13352_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McFee B, Raffel C, Liang D, Ellis D, McVicar M, Battenberg E et al. (2015) Librosa: audio and music signal analysis in Python. In: Proceedings of the 14th Python in science conference. 8: 18\u201325. 015. https:\/\/librosa.org\/doc\/latest\/index.html. Accessed 4 Sep 2025","DOI":"10.25080\/Majora-7b98e3ed-003"},{"key":"13352_CR21","unstructured":"Ali M. PyCaret is an open-source, low-code machine learning library in Python that automates machine learning workflows. Retrieved from https:\/\/pycaret.org\/ Accessed 1 June 2024."},{"issue":"12","key":"13352_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-022-02550-0","volume":"129","author":"HP Rowe","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rowe HP, Gochyyev P, Lammert AC, Lowit A, Spencer KA, Dickerson BC et al (2022) The efficacy of acoustic-based articulatory phenotyping for characterizing and classifying four divergent neurodegenerative diseases using sequential motion rates. J Neural Transm 129(12):1487\u20131511. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00702-022-02550-0","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"key":"13352_CR23","volume-title":"Motor speech disorders: substrates, differential diagnosis, and management","author":"JR Duffy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Duffy JR (2020) Motor speech disorders: substrates, differential diagnosis, and management. Elsevier, Netherlands"},{"issue":"1","key":"13352_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.47.1.208","volume":"47","author":"W Ziegler","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ziegler W, Wessel K (1996) Speech timing in ataxic disorders: sentence production and rapid repetitive articulation. Neurology 47(1):208\u2013214. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/wnl.47.1.208","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"13352_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1159\/000072155","volume":"55","author":"K Tjaden","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tjaden K, Watling E (2003) Characteristics of diadochokinesis in multiple sclerosis and Parkinson\u2019s disease. Folia Phoniatr Logop 55(5):241\u2013259. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000072155","journal-title":"Folia Phoniatr Logop"},{"issue":"6","key":"13352_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1159\/000081084","volume":"56","author":"E Schalling","year":"2004","unstructured":"Schalling E, Hartelius L (2004) Acoustic analysis of speech tasks performed by three individuals with spinocerebellar ataxia. Folia Phoniatr Logop 56(6):367\u2013380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000081084","journal-title":"Folia Phoniatr Logop"},{"issue":"4","key":"13352_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2011.03.002","volume":"44","author":"JJ Sidtis","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sidtis JJ, Ahn JS, Gomez C, Sidtis D (2011) Speech characteristics associated with three genotypes of ataxia. J Commun Disord 44(4):478\u2013492. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2011.03.002","journal-title":"J Commun Disord"},{"key":"13352_CR28","unstructured":"Heffner RMS (1969) General phonetics. University of Wisconsin Press"},{"issue":"3","key":"13352_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1080\/00437956.1964.11659830","volume":"20","author":"L Lisker","year":"1964","unstructured":"Lisker L, Abramson AS (1964) A cross-language study of voicing in initial stops: acoustical measurements. Word:J Int Linguist Assoc 20(3):384\u2013422. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00437956.1964.11659830","journal-title":"Word:J Int Linguist Assoc"},{"issue":"6","key":"13352_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroling.2004.06.001","volume":"17","author":"BT Harel","year":"2004","unstructured":"Harel BT, Cannizzaro MS, Cohen H, Reilly N, Snyder PJ (2004) Acoustic characteristics of Parkinsonian speech: a potential biomarker of early disease progression and treatment. J Neurolinguistics 17(6):439\u2013453. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneuroling.2004.06.001","journal-title":"J Neurolinguistics"},{"issue":"6","key":"13352_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2608","DOI":"10.1121\/1.397755","volume":"85","author":"K Forrest","year":"1989","unstructured":"Forrest K, Weismer G, Turner GS (1989) Kinematic, acoustic, and perceptual analyses of connected speech produced by parkinsonian and normal geriatric adults. J Acoust Soc Am 85(6):2608\u20132622. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1121\/1.397755","journal-title":"J Acoust Soc Am"},{"key":"13352_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csl.2019.101057","volume":"62","author":"PB Ramteke","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ramteke PB, Supanekar S, Koolagudi SG (2020) Classification of aspirated and unaspirated sounds in speech using excitation and signal level information. Comput Speech Lang 62:101057. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.csl.2019.101057","journal-title":"Comput Speech Lang"},{"issue":"3","key":"13352_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.2217\/nmt-2017-0005","volume":"7","author":"N Miller","year":"2017","unstructured":"Miller N, Nath U, Noble E, Burn D (2017) Utility and accuracy of perceptual voice and speech distinctions in the diagnosis of Parkinson\u2019s disease, PSP and MSA-P. Neurodegener Dis Manag 7(3):191\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2217\/nmt-2017-0005","journal-title":"Neurodegener Dis Manag"},{"issue":"8","key":"13352_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2018.2851787","volume":"26","author":"J Rusz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rusz J, Hlavnicka J, Tykalova T, Novotny M, Dusek P, Sonka K et al (2018) Smartphone allows capture of speech abnormalities associated with high risk of developing Parkinson\u2019s disease. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 26(8):1495\u20131507. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TNSRE.2018.2851787","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng"},{"issue":"6","key":"13352_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1159\/000343998","volume":"64","author":"A Dehqan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dehqan A, Scherer RC, Dashti G, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Fanaie S (2012) The effects of aging on acoustic parameters of voice. Folia Phoniatr Logop 64(6):265\u2013270. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000343998","journal-title":"Folia Phoniatr Logop"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-025-13352-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00415-025-13352-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-025-13352-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T10:34:58Z","timestamp":1760524498000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00415-025-13352-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["13352"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-025-13352-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-5354","1432-1459"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-5354","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1459","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 August 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 August 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 September 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"No conflicting relationship exists for the authors. All authors report no disclosures relevant to the manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"Each participant provided written, informed consent. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Seoul National University Hospital, and have therefore been performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}],"article-number":"613"}}