{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T05:29:42Z","timestamp":1771997382941,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758672000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Brain Foundation"},{"name":"Van Cleef Roet fund"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001779","name":"Monash University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001779","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibodies (CGRP mAbs) are an effective preventative therapy for migraine; however, there have been rare reports of possible inflammatory complications. The primary objective of this study was to examine the impact of CGRP mAbs on immune system activation by evaluating the plasma cytokine profile of a cohort of patients pre- and post-CGRP mAb.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective cohort study was undertaken at a tertiary headache service. Following informed consent and screening, the plasma cytokine profile of participants was determined using a Simoa CorPlex human cytokine 10-plex with ten targets: interferon gamma, interleukin-1\u03b2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-22, and TNF\u237a prior to initiation of CGRP mAb and following 3\u00a0months of therapy. A comparator group of healthy controls at a single time point was also included.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 22 patients with chronic migraine and 10 healthy controls were included in the study. Administration of CGRP mAb was not associated with a significant change in cytokine expression (Wilk\u2019s lambda 0.528,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.448). On post-hoc analysis, there was a significant reduction in IL-5 levels (\n                      <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u2212\u20092.321,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.020) following CGRP mAb therapy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study of patients with chronic migraine, we found no evidence that treatment with CGRP mABs is associated with a significant alteration in plasma cytokine levels or shift to a Th1 phenotype.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-025-13400-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T06:12:55Z","timestamp":1758694375000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The impact of CGRP monoclonal antibodies on cytokine expression in chronic migraine: a cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"272","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4833-5507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason C.","family":"Ray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stuart","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marian","family":"Todaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Josephine","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei Zhen","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elspeth J.","family":"Hutton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manjit","family":"Matharu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helmut","family":"Butzkueven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"13400_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2020-324674","author":"JC Ray","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ray JC, Kapoor M, Stark RJ et al (2021) Calcitonin gene related peptide in migraine: current therapeutics, future implications and potential off-target effects. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp-2020-324674","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"13400_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-021-01330-7","volume":"22","author":"JC Ray","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ray JC, Allen P, Bacsi A et al (2021) Inflammatory complications of CGRP monoclonal antibodies: a case series. J Headache Pain 22(1):121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s10194-021-01330-7","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"key":"13400_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2014.00023","volume":"8","author":"BM Assas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Assas BM, Pennock JI, Miyan JA (2014) Calcitonin gene-related peptide is a key neurotransmitter in the neuro-immune axis. 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Available from: https:\/\/www.quanterix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/CorPlex-Human-Cytokine-10-Plex-Panel-1-Data-Sheet.pdf. Cited 13 Jun 2024"},{"issue":"1","key":"13400_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-023-01572-7","volume":"24","author":"AK Musubire","year":"2023","unstructured":"Musubire AK, Cheema S, Ray JC et al (2023) Cytokines in primary headache disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Headache Pain 24(1):36. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s10194-023-01572-7","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"key":"13400_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2019.105819","volume":"160","author":"A Matucci","year":"2019","unstructured":"Matucci A, Maggi E, Vultaggio A (2019) Eosinophils, the IL-5\/IL-5R\u03b1 axis, and the biologic effects of benralizumab in severe asthma. 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He has served on medical advisory boards for Pfizer, Viatris, and Lilly. His institution has received funding for research grants, clinical trials, and projects supported by the International Headache Society, Brain Foundation, Lundbeck, Abbvie, Pfizer, and Aeon. EJH has served on advisory boards for Sanofi-Genzyme, Novartis, Teva, Eli Lilly, Allergan, and Lundbeck, been involved in clinical trials sponsored by Novartis, Teva, Xalud, and Cerecin, and has received payment for educational presentations from Allergan, Teva, Eli Lilly, and Novartis. MM serves on the advisory board for Allergan, Novartis, Eli Lilly, Autonomic Technologies Inc., and TEVA and has received payment for the development of educational presentations from Allergan, electroCore, Eli Lilly, Novartis, and TEVA. WZY has received speaker honoraria from Merck and Novartis, and travel support from UCB, outside of the submitted work. HB has received institutional (Monash University) funding from Biogen, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Merck, Alexion, CSL, and Novartis; carried out contracted research for Novartis, Merck, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, and Biogen; taken part in speakers\u2019 bureaus for Biogen, Genzyme, UCB, Novartis, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, and Merck; and has received travel support from Merck and Novartis. MT reports no relevant disclosures.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}],"article-number":"649"}}