{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T14:12:03Z","timestamp":1771078323072,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 Instituci\u00f3 dels Centres de Recerca de Catalunya"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The concept of benign multiple sclerosis (MS) is a matter of debate. In most definitions, only the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score and disease duration are considered, although other factors may influence a patient\u2019s disability. The aims of this study were to evaluate the percentage of patients with benign MS in our cohort and to determine the proportion of these patients who remained benign after 20 and 30\u00a0years of disease evolution. Clinical and demographic variables related to this outcome were investigated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients fulfilling the criteria for benign MS (EDSS\u2009&lt;\u20093.0 and at least 10\u00a0years of MS evolution) were selected from a hospital-based series and followed up prospectively. The EDSS was assessed after 20 and 30\u00a0years of MS evolution. Clinical and radiological variables were evaluated. Fatigue, depression and cognition tests were performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eighty-two of the 485 patients evaluated in 1996 fulfilled the criteria for benign MS and were\u202fselected. In 51 of the 68 (75%) patients evaluated in 2006, the EDSS score continued to be\u2009\u2264\u20093. In 2016, 35 out of 58 (60%) patients continued to have an EDSS score\u2009\u2264\u20093. None of the clinical variables could predict persistence in the benign group. Eighteen of the 35 benign MS patients completed the questionnaires after 30\u00a0years. Fifty percent of them reported fatigue, 22% depression, and 83% had cognitive impairment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The majority of MS patients maintained a benign status even after 30\u00a0years of disease evolution. However, cognitive impairment in this group is notable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-025-13402-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T05:08:36Z","timestamp":1762319316000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Benign multiple sclerosis and long-term outcomes after 30\u00a0years"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"272","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6137-6583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E.","family":"Matas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2221-8759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.","family":"Bau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8054-0565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.","family":"Romero-Pinel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4352-0730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I.","family":"Le\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0632-4850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P.","family":"Arroyo-Pereiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8221-865X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Vendrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3725-0180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Y\u00e9lamos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9889-2040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Y\u00e9lamos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"13402_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.33.11.1444","author":"JF Kurtzke","year":"1983","unstructured":"Kurtzke JF (1983) Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: an expanded disability status scale (EDSS). 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LB has received funding for travel and congress expenses and honoraria for lectures from Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck, Novartis and Roche. LRP has received funding for travel and congress expenses and honoraria for lectures from Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck, Neuraxpharm, Novartis and Roche. IL has received funding for travel and congress expenses from Biogen, Merck, Neuraxpharm, Novartis and Roche. PAP has received funding for travel and congress expenses from Amgen, Biogen, Merck, Novartis, Roche and Sanofi. AMV has received honoraria or funding for travel and congress expenses from Abbvie, Almirall, Bial, Biogen, Bristol Myers Squib, Chiesi, Janssen, Kern Pharma, Lilly, Lundbeck, Organon, Pfizer, Novartis, Merck, Roche, Sanofi, Teva and UCB. AMY has received support for congress attendance from Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Roche and Sandoz. SMY has received support for congress attendance from Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Janssen, Merck, Neuraxpharm, Novartis, Roche and Sandoz. The institution where the authors work (Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge\/Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Biom\u00e8dica de Bellvitge), has received in the last three years and dedicated exclusively to support the research of the Unit, fees for advisory council, collaborations, donations and advice from Almirall, Amgen\/Horizon, Bayer, Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, Celltrion, Genzyme, Janssen, Kern Pharma, Lilly, Merck, Pfizer, Neuraxpharm, Novartis, Roche, Sandoz and Sanofi.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge Research Ethics Committee. The patients signed informed consent forms for research.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}],"article-number":"747"}}