{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T15:32:51Z","timestamp":1793201571579,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["U24A20690"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24A20690"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82071320"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82071320"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82371322"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82371322"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the National Key R&D Program of China","award":["2023YFC2506603"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC2506603"]}]},{"name":"Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project","award":["2023ZD0504900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023ZD0504900"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Projects of Xizang Autonomous Region, China","award":["XZ202501ZY0120"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XZ202501ZY0120"]}]},{"name":"\u201cQimingxing\u201d Research Fund for Young Talents","award":["HXQMX0052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HXQMX0052"]}]},{"name":"1\u00b73\u00b75 project for disciplines of excellence\u2013Clinical Research Fund, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","award":["2024HXFH023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024HXFH023"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-025-13451-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T11:08:42Z","timestamp":1760612922000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Retinal microvascular differences between multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: a cross-sectional study with diagnostic modeling"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"272","author":[{"given":"Ruishan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingyao","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Le","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William Robert","family":"Kwapong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyan","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianxiang","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junfeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guina","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2067-9965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"13451_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458514567216","volume":"21","author":"JL Bennett","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bennett JL, De Seze J, Lana-Peixoto M, Palace J, Waldman A, Schippling S, Tenembaum S, Banwell B, Greenberg B, Levy M, Fujihara K, Chan KH, Kim HJ, Asgari N, Sato DK, Saiz A, Wuerfel J, Zimmermann H, Green A, Viloslada P, Paul F, ICC&BR GJCF (2015) Neuromyelitis optica and multiple sclerosis: seeing differences through optical coherence tomography. Mult Scler 21(6):678\u2013688. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1352458514567216","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"issue":"3","key":"13451_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2055217318791196","volume":"4","author":"J Srikajon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Srikajon J, Siritho S, Ngamsombat C, Prayoonwiwat N, Chirapapaisan N (2018) Differences in clinical features between optic neuritis in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders and in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler J 4(3):2055217318791196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2055217318791196","journal-title":"Mult Scler J"},{"issue":"3","key":"13451_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.06.022","volume":"126","author":"T Shen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shen T, You Y, Arunachalam S, Fontes A, Liu S, Gupta V, Parratt J, Wang C, Barnett M, Barton J, Chitranshi N, Zhu L, Fraser C, Graham SL, Klistorner A, Yiannikas C (2019) Differing structural and functional patterns of optic nerve damage in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. Ophthalmology 126(3):445\u2013453. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.06.022","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"13451_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40942-025-00698-x","volume":"11","author":"O Mirmosayyeb","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mirmosayyeb O, Yazdan Panah M, Kord R, Espoo E, Vaheb S, Zabeti A, Shaygannejad V (2025) Optical coherence tomography angiography biomarkers in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: a systematic review. Int J Retina Vitreous 11:71. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40942-025-00698-x","journal-title":"Int J Retina Vitreous"},{"key":"13451_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2016.05.014","volume":"11","author":"P Manogaran","year":"2016","unstructured":"Manogaran P, Vavasour IM, Lange AP, Zhao Y, McMullen K, Rauscher A, Carruthers R, Li DKB, Traboulsee AL, Kolind SH (2016) Quantifying visual pathway axonal and myelin loss in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica. Neuroimage Clin 11:743\u2013750. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nicl.2016.05.014","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin"},{"key":"13451_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102625","volume":"47","author":"F Ashtari","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ashtari F, Ataei A, Kafieh R, Khodabandeh Z, Barzegar M, Raei M, Dehghani A, Mansurian M (2021) Optical coherence tomography in Neuromyelitis Optica spectrum disorder and multiple sclerosis: a population-based study. Mult Scler Relat Disord 47:102625. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102625","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"13451_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2018.04.026","volume":"192","author":"WR Kwapong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kwapong WR, Peng C, He Z, Zhuang X, Shen M, Liu F (2018) Altered macular microvasculature in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Am J Ophthalmol 192:47\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2018.04.026","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"13451_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029124","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1029124","volume":"14","author":"Y Lang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lang Y, Kwapong WR, Kong L, Shi Z, Wang X, Du Q, Wu B, Zhou H (2023) Retinal structural and microvascular changes in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: an OCT\/OCTA study. Front Immunol 14:1029124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1029124","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"13451_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001729","volume":"85","author":"DM Wingerchuk","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wingerchuk DM, Banwell B, Bennett JL, Cabre P, Carroll W, Chitnis T, Seze J, Fujihara K, Greenberg B, Jacob A, Jarius S, Lana-Peixoto M, Levy M, Simon JH, Tenembaum S, Traboulsee AL, Waters P, Wellik KE, Weinshenker BE (2015) International consensus diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Neurology 85(2):177\u2013189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001729","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"13451_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22366","volume":"69","author":"CH Polman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Polman CH, Reingold SC, Banwell B, Clanet M, Cohen JA, Filippi M, Fujihara K, Havrdova E, Hutchinson M, Kappos L, Lublin FD, Montalban X, O\u2019Connor P, Sandberg-Wollheim M, Thompson AJ, Waubant E, Weinshenker B, Wolinsky JS (2011) Diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: 2010 revisions to the McDonald criteria. Ann Neurol 69(2):292\u2013302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.22366","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"13451_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1097\/iae.0000000000004354","volume":"45","author":"H Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang H, Cao L, Kwapong WR, Liu R, Yan Y, Wan J, Liu G, Hu F, Wu B (2025) Retinal ischemic perivascular lesions are associated with increased carotid artery stenotic degree. Retina (Philadelphia, Pa) 45(4):748\u2013755. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/iae.0000000000004354","journal-title":"Retina (Philadelphia, Pa)"},{"key":"13451_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-024-03881-z","volume":"24","author":"L Cao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cao L, Wang H, Kwapong WR, Xiong Z, Zhao Y, Liu G, Liu R, Liu J, Hu F, Wu B (2024) Intracranial pressure affects retinal venular complexity in idiopathic intracranial hypertension: a retrospective observational study. BMC Neurol 24:402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12883-024-03881-z","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"13451_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0034823","volume":"7","author":"P Tewarie","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tewarie P, Balk L, Costello F, Green A, Martin R, Schippling S, Petzold A (2012) The OSCAR-IB consensus criteria for retinal OCT quality assessment. PLoS ONE 7(4):e34823. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0034823","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"13451_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000012125","volume":"97","author":"A Aytulun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aytulun A, Cruz-Herranz A, Aktas O, Balcer LJ, Balk B, Barboni P, Blanco AA, Calabresi PA, Costello F, Sanchez-Dalmau B, Cabrera DeBuc D, Feltgen N, Finger RP, Frederiksen JL, Frohman E, Frohman T, Garway-Heath D, Gabilondo L, Graves JS, Green AJ, Hartung HP, Havla J, Holz FG, Imitola J, Kenney P, Klistorner A, Knier B, Korn T, Kolbe S, Kr\u00e4mer J, Lagr\u00e8ze WA, Leocani L, Maier O, Mart\u00ednez-Lapiscina EH, Meuth S, Outteryck O, Paul F, Petzold A, Pihl-Jensen G, Lizrova Preiningerova J, Rebolleda G, Ringelstein M, Saidha S, Schippling S, Schuman JS, Sergott RC, Toosy A, Villoslada P, Wolf S, Yeh EA, Yu-Wai-Man P, Zimmermann HG, Brandt AU, Albrecht P (2021) APOSTEL 2.0 recommendations for reporting quantitative optical coherence tomography studies. Neurology 97(2):68\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000012125","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"10","key":"13451_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.01076","volume":"10","author":"NH Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim NH, Kim HJ, Park CY, Jeong KS (2019) Retinal degeneration after first-ever optic neuritis helps differentiate multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. Front Neurol 10(10):1076. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2019.01076","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"13451_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104160","volume":"68","author":"NKE Ayoubi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ayoubi NKE, Moussa H, Younes A, Haddad R, Khoury SJ (2022) Use of retinal optical coherence tomography to differentiate suspected neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder from multiple sclerosis: a cross-sectional study. Mult Scler Relat Disord 68:104160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104160","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"issue":"8","key":"13451_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2413","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-021-05143-x","volume":"259","author":"S Balci","year":"2021","unstructured":"Balci S, Ozcelik Kose A, Yenerel NM (2021) The effect of optic neuritis attacks on choroidal vascularity index in patients with multiple sclerosis. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 259(8):2413\u20132424. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-021-05143-x","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"13451_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e77","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13807","volume":"97","author":"E Garcia-Martin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Garcia-Martin E, Jarauta L, Pablo LE, Bambo MP, Ara JR, Martin J, Polo V, Larrosa JM, Vilades E, Ramirez T, Satue M (2019) Changes in peripapillary choroidal thickness in patients with multiple sclerosis. Acta Ophthalmol 97:e77\u2013e83. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aos.13807","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"9","key":"13451_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1080\/00207454.2019.1576660","volume":"129","author":"\u00dc Do\u011fan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Do\u011fan \u00dc, Ula\u015f F, T\u00fcrko\u011flu \u015eA, \u00d6g\u00fcn MU, A\u011fca S (2019) Eyes are mirror of the brain: comparison of multiple sclerosis patients and healthy controls using OCT. Int J Neurosci 129(9):848\u2013855. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00207454.2019.1576660","journal-title":"Int J Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"13451_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2022.18.3.334","volume":"18","author":"A Masala","year":"2022","unstructured":"Masala A, Mola ID, Cellerino M, Pera V, Vagge A, Uccelli A, Christian C, Traverso CE, Iester M (2022) Choroidal thickness in multiple sclerosis: an optical coherence tomography study. J Clin Neurol 18(3):334\u2013342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3988\/jcn.2022.18.3.334","journal-title":"J Clin Neurol"},{"key":"13451_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001193","volume":"37","author":"CS Ferreira","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ferreira CS, Beato J, Falc\u00e3o MS, Brand\u00e3o E, Falc\u00e3o-Reis F, Carneiro AM (2017) Choroidal thickness in multisystemic autoimmune diseases without ophthalmologic manifestations. Retina (Philadelphia, Pa) 37:529\u2013535. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001193","journal-title":"Retina (Philadelphia, Pa)"},{"issue":"11","key":"13451_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3405","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-022-05687-6","volume":"260","author":"S Kishi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kishi S, Matsumoto H (2022) A new insight into pachychoroid diseases: remodeling of choroidal vasculature. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 260(11):3405\u20133417. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-022-05687-6","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"13451_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6425","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-022-06315-1","volume":"3","author":"JH Lee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee JH, Moon Y, Kwon YN, Shin JH, Kim SM, Jung JH (2022) Changes of retinal structure and visual function in patients with demyelinating transverse myelitis. Neurol Sci 3:6425\u20136431. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-022-06315-1","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"13451_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-016-0355-y","volume":"4","author":"B Zeka","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zeka B, Hastermann M, Kaufmann N, Schanda K, Pende M, Misu T, Rommer P, Fujihara K, Nakashima I, Dahle C, Leutmezer F, Reindl M, Lassmann H, Bradl M (2016) Aquaporin 4-specific T cells and NMO-IgG cause primary retinal damage in experimental NMO\/SD. Acta Neuropathol Commun 4(1):82. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40478-016-0355-y","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"issue":"6","key":"13451_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000001068","volume":"8","author":"FC Oertel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Oertel FC, Specovius S, Zimmermann HG, Chien C, Motamedi S, Bereuter C, Cook L, Lana Peixoto MA, Fontanelle MA, Kim HJ, Hyun JW, Palace J, Roca-Fernandez A, Leite MI, Sharma S, Ashtari F, Kafieh R, Dehghani A, Pourazizi M, Pandit L, D\u2019Cunha A, Aktas O, Ringelstein M, Albrecht P, May E, Tongco C, Leocani L, Pisa M, Radaelli M, Martinez-Lapiscina EH, Stiebel-Kalish H, Siritho S, de Seze J, Senger T, Havla J, Marignier R, Cobo-Calvo A, Bichuetti D, Tavares IM, Asgari N, Soelberg K, Altintas A, Yildirim R, Tanriverdi U, Jacob A, Huda S, Rimler Z, Reid A, Mao-Draayer Y, Soto de Castillo I, Petzold A, Green AJ, Yeaman MR, Smith T, Brandt AU, Paul F (2021) Retinal optical coherence tomography in neuromyelitis optica. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 8(6):e1068. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/NXI.0000000000001068","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"issue":"5","key":"13451_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-021-02366-4","volume":"142","author":"M Gharagozloo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gharagozloo M, Smith MD, Jin J, Garton T, Taylor M, Chao A, Meyers K, Kornberg MD, Zack DJ, Ohayon J, Calabresi BA, Reich DS, Eberhart CG, Pardo CA, Kemper C, Whartenby KA, Calabresi PA (2021) Complement component 3 from astrocytes mediates retinal ganglion cell loss during neuroinflammation. Acta Neuropathol 142(5):899\u2013915. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00401-021-02366-4","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"8","key":"13451_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e31829c7370","volume":"72","author":"DB Hoffmann","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hoffmann DB, Williams SK, Bojcevski J, M\u00fcller A, Stadelmann C, Naidoo V, Bahr BA, Diem R, Fairless R (2013) Calcium influx and calpain activation mediate preclinical retinal neurodegeneration in autoimmune optic neuritis. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 72(8):745\u2013757. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/NEN.0b013e31829c7370","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"13451_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcad249","volume":"6","author":"SC Huang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang SC, Pisa M, Guerrieri S, Costa GD, Comi G, Leocani L (2023) Optical coherence tomography with voxel-based morphometry: a new tool to unveil focal retinal neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis. Brain Commun 6(1):fcad249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/braincomms\/fcad249","journal-title":"Brain Commun"},{"key":"13451_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.2147\/dnnd.S73506","volume":"4","author":"H Zimmermann","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zimmermann H, Oberwahrenbrock T, Brandt AU, Paul F (2014) Optical coherence tomography for retinal imaging in multiple sclerosis. Degener Neurol Neuro 4:153\u2013162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/dnnd.S73506","journal-title":"Degener Neurol Neuro"},{"issue":"2","key":"13451_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.2217\/nmt.14.10","volume":"4","author":"LJ Balk","year":"2014","unstructured":"Balk LJ, Petzold A (2014) Current and future potential of retinal optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis with and without optic neuritis. Neurodegener Dis Manag 4(2):165\u2013176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2217\/nmt.14.10","journal-title":"Neurodegener Dis Manag"},{"issue":"1","key":"13451_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-019-0768-5","volume":"7","author":"P Manogaran","year":"2019","unstructured":"Manogaran P, Samardzija M, Schad AN, Wicki CA, Walker-Egger C, Rudin M, Grimm C, Schippling S (2019) Retinal pathology in experimental optic neuritis is characterized by retrograde degeneration and gliosis. Acta Neuropathol Commun 7(1):116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40478-019-0768-5","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"key":"13451_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1216477","volume":"7","author":"FC Oertel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Oertel FC, Hastermann M, Paul F (2023) Delimiting MOGAD as a disease entity using translational imaging. Front Neurol 7:1216477. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2023.1216477","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"13451_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105864","volume":"91","author":"M Amanollahi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Amanollahi M, Mozafar M, Rezaei S, Rafati A, Ashourizadeh H, Moheb N, Jameie M, Shobeiri P, Chen JJ (2024) Optical coherence tomography angiography measurements in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 91:105864. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105864","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"13451_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-024-00670-1","volume":"14","author":"LG Ree\u00df","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ree\u00df LG, Salih H, Delikaya M, Paul F, Oertel FC (2025) Barriers in healthcare to the use of optical coherence tomography angiography in multiple sclerosis. Neurol Ther 14(1):45\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40120-024-00670-1","journal-title":"Neurol Ther"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-025-13451-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00415-025-13451-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-025-13451-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T01:03:07Z","timestamp":1761699787000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00415-025-13451-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["13451"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-025-13451-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-5354","1432-1459"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-5354","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1459","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 October 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 October 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 October 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have influenced the work reported in this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"The West China Hospital of Sichuan University Ethics Committee approved the study (Ethics No. 2020 [922]).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}],"article-number":"700"}}