{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T14:03:31Z","timestamp":1763129011348,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761264000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008272","name":"Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic condition, and as such, switching therapies is not uncommon. However, data on switching from intravenous (IV) to subcutaneous (SC) formulations of anti-CD20 therapies are lacking.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>OLIKOS, a phase 3b, prospective, single-arm, multicenter study conducted from 2020 to 2024, evaluated the efficacy and safety of switching to SC ofatumumab from IV ocrelizumab or rituximab in adults with relapsing MS. Participants were excluded if they had discontinued anti-CD20 therapy due to suboptimal response or safety concerns. Maintenance of efficacy was defined as either no change or a reduction from baseline in the number of gadolinium-enhancing (Gd\u2009+) T1 lesions observed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after 12\u00a0months of ofatumumab.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The full analysis set included 102 participants. Most participants (99%) switched from IV ocrelizumab to SC ofatumumab. Zero Gd+ T1 lesions were observed at Month 12 in participants with evaluable MRI assessments (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200984), satisfying the primary endpoint. New\/enlarging T2 lesions were observed in 2.3% (2\/86) of participants at Month 12. There was no change in median Expanded Disability Status Scale score between baseline and Month 12, and annualized relapse rate remained low (0.075). Treatment satisfaction improved from baseline to Month 12 across all domains with the largest increases in the Convenience domain. Treatment-emergent adverse events occurred at similar frequencies as in ofatumumab phase 3 trials, and no new safety signals were identified.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings indicate efficacy and safety are maintained following a switch from IV anti-CD20 to SC ofatumumab with improved treatment satisfaction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04486716\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT04486716\" ext-link-type=\"uri\">https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT04486716<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-025-13462-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T07:56:37Z","timestamp":1762415797000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Switch from intravenous anti-CD20 therapy to subcutaneous ofatumumab in patients with relapsing MS: results from the OLIKOS study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"272","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0535-3978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Le H.","family":"Hua","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brandon","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Camacho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angel R.","family":"Chinea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin M.","family":"Greenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roland G.","family":"Henry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Houtsma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Moreo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enrique","family":"Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"13462_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(08)61620-7","volume":"372","author":"A Compston","year":"2008","unstructured":"Compston A, Coles A (2008) Multiple sclerosis. 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Dr Brown, Ms Camacho, and Mr Houtsma are employees of and stockholders in Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation. Dr Chinea has been a speaker for Allergan, Biogen, EMD Serono, Genentech, Novartis, Sanofi-Genzyme, and Teva. Dr Greenberg has received consulting fees from Alexion, Amgen, Arialys, Clene, EMD Serono, Genentech\/Roche, Genzyme, Horizon, IQVIA, Novartis, Sandoz, Signant, Syneos, and TG Therapeutics; has received grant funding from Anokion, National Institutes of Health, and Regeneron; serves as an unpaid member of the board of the Siegel Rare Neuroimmune Association; has equity in Clene and GenrAb; and receives royalties from UpToDate. Dr Henry has received consulting fees and\/or research funding from Atara, Boston, Celgene, Genentech\/Roche, MedDay, Neurona, Novartis, QIA Consulting, and Sanofi-Genzyme. Dr Moreo has received consulting fees from Apollo Medical Communications and EMD Serono. She has received research support from InnoCare and Novartis. Dr Alvarez has received consulting fees from Biogen, Celgene\/Bristol Myers Squibb, Cionic, EMD Serono\/Merck, Genentech\/Roche, Horizon\/Amgen, Novartis, Sanofi, and TG Therapeutics and has received research support from Atara, Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Genentech\/Roche, National Institutes of Health, National Multiple Sclerosis Society, Novartis, the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Initiative, the Rocky Mountain MS Center, Sanofi, and TG Therapeutics.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"The trial data are available on reasonable request, provided that it is in line with current ethical and intellectual property requirements surrounding the use of data. Requests should be directed through ClinicalStudyDataRequest.com.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Data availability"}}],"article-number":"725"}}