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To minimize therapy-related side effects as well as to improve quality of life, modern approaches grow increasingly more relevant. We conducted a longitudinal, prospective study to examine patients with lymphoma, leukemia, or gastrointestinal malignancies receiving continuous and temporary treatment up to five times over a 12- to 24-month period, beginning prior to chemotherapy. Assessments included comprehensive questionnaires, clinical neurological and electroneurographic examinations and measurements of neurofilament light chain (NFL). One hundred eight patients were enrolled with fifty-six patients having undergone all examinations both before and after chemotherapy. Data showed a significant rise of the mean Total Neuropathy Score (TNSr) after chemotherapy. Results revealed that approximately 75% of patients experienced CIPN. Continuous chemotherapy was associated with a steady increase in TNSr. Older patients, often with pre-existing and underdiagnosed neuropathy, were more frequently and more severely affected. According to medical records, where diagnostics were primarily based on patients\u2019 subjective information, even moderate cases were frequently underdiagnosed. A moderate correlation was observed between the increase in NfL and changes in TNSr (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.385,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.004). Patients with cancer affecting the central nervous system (CNS) showed elevated baseline NFL levels. In contrast to non-responders, NFL decreased in patients who responded well to therapy. In conclusion, data underline the necessity of improved diagnostic accuracy of CIPN and support the potential of NFL as a biomarker for its detection. Further investigations should assess its potential in daily oncological routine.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Trial registration number<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:italic>:<\/jats:italic>\n                    EA2\/167\/21 (date of registration: 12.08.2021).\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-025-13463-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T07:16:04Z","timestamp":1761117364000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Chemotherapy-induced polyneuropathy: diagnostic challenges and the potential of neurofilament as a biomarker for sensory disorders: the CONKO 023-ChemTox Trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"272","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6954-5741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lars Uwe","family":"Stephan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janine","family":"Abel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Boehmerle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Schr\u00f6der","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soo Ann","family":"Yap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nigel Dross Engelbert","family":"Schaeper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Stintzing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Bleumer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uwe","family":"Pelzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"13463_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21834","volume":"74","author":"F Bray","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A (2024) Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. 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All other authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin (protocol code EA2\/167\/21 on 2021\/08\/12) and conducted in conformity with the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was received from all patients included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}],"article-number":"719"}}