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Many PD patients develop involuntary flexion of the spine in an upright position that does not respond to dopaminergic treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To study the histopathology of paraspinal muscles in PD-associated camptocormia with potential consequences for therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We report a cohort of 66 patients with PD (mean age 68.4\u2009\u00b1\u20098.1\u00a0years) and associated camptocormia according to consensus criteria. Paravertebral muscle biopsy was performed in all patients with consecutive histopathological analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty-two patients (64%) showed inflammatory myositis in the paravertebral muscles with features of T-cell dominant myositis with additional necrosis, in addition to moderate myopathic changes. Thirty-four of these 42 patients with myositis received immunosuppression according to general clinical guidelines for myositis (i.e., prednisolone, often followed by azathioprine) in addition to PD medication. Twenty-three\/34 patients (68%) on prednisolone showed a partial or complete improvement of the muscle weakness. This effect persisted after switching from prednisolone to the long-term immunosuppressant. Three\/34 patients were lost to follow-up, and 8\/34 did not improve.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this cohort of PD patients with camptocormia, muscle biopsy demonstrated local myositis in addition to myopathic changes in 64% of the cases. About two-thirds of these patients benefited from prednisolone therapy, as a symptomatic therapeutic option for muscle weakness. We recommend a histological work-up of the clinical diagnosis PD-associated camptocormia given that effective therapeutic options are available.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-025-13468-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T18:06:52Z","timestamp":1761242812000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Parkinson\u2019s disease-associated camptocormia: biopsy-confirmed focal myositis and treatment options"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"272","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9700-0338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Rosenbohm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nam","family":"Nguyen-Younossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Kassubek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"13468_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-022-11354-x","volume":"270","author":"S Cao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cao S, Cui Y, Jin J, Li F, Liu X, Feng T (2023) Prevalence of axial postural abnormalities and their subtypes in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest relevant to this work. Financial disclosures for the previous 12\u00a0months: the authors declare that there are no additional disclosures to report.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Ulm (reference no. 20\/10). Written informed patients\u2019 consent for participation in the study and for printing of photographs was obtained. We confirm that we have read the Journal\u2019s position on issues involved in ethical publication and affirm that this work is consistent with those guidelines.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical standards"}}],"article-number":"724"}}