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Here, we aimed to investigate the type and frequency of newly diagnosed and exacerbated CAD following COVID-19 infection or vaccination, and assessed their associated autonomic and non-autonomic complaints, applied treatment, and clinical outcome at last follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Medical records of individuals referred to the Innsbruck Dysautonomia Center between March 2020 and March 2023 were reviewed for new onset of orthostatic intolerance, recurrent syncope,\n                      <jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic>\n                      exacerbation of previously diagnosed CAD within 6\u00a0weeks from a passed COVID-19 infection or vaccination.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Following COVID-19 infection (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200975), 22 (29%) individuals were diagnosed with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), 12 (16%) with vasovagal syncope (VVS), 1 with delayed and 1 with transient orthostatic hypotension (OH). Following COVID-19 vaccination (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200926), 11 (42%) POTS, 2 (8%) VVS, and 3 (12%) transient OH cases were newly diagnosed. In half of newly referred individuals (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200949\/101, 49%), the diagnostic workup excluded any CAD. VVS was the most frequently exacerbated CAD (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20098\/19, 42%). Non-pharmacological measures were recommended to all newly diagnosed CAD, with one-third additionally receiving pharmacotherapy. Follow-up was available in 42 (81%) individuals with newly diagnosed CAD, with a symptomatic improvement observed in 26 (62%) cases.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A specialized diagnostic workup is pivotal to diagnose or exclude CAD in individuals with new-onset orthostatic intolerance or recurrent syncope following COVID-19 infection or vaccination. A multimodal treatment approach can achieve a symptomatic improvement in a substantial proportion of affected individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-025-13518-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,22]],"date-time":"2025-11-22T17:32:31Z","timestamp":1763832751000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome is the most frequent cardiovascular autonomic disorder following COVID-19 infection or vaccination"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"272","author":[{"given":"Fabian","family":"Leys","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mara","family":"Verginer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elias","family":"Kirchler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loraine","family":"Marino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georg","family":"Goebel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Campese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Eschlb\u00f6ck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Duerr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregor","family":"Broessner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atbin","family":"Djamshidian-Tehrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Heidbreder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birgit","family":"H\u00f6gl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria-Sophie","family":"Rothmund-Grenier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"H\u00fcfner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Iglseder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"L\u00f6scher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ambra","family":"Stefani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Wanschitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00fcnter","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Zamarian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"L\u00f6ffler-Ragg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raimund","family":"Helbok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Kiechl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Granata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregor K.","family":"Wenning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2854-4179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Fanciulli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"13518_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-021-00798-2","volume":"31","author":"SR Raj","year":"2021","unstructured":"Raj SR, Arnold AC, Barboi A, Claydon VE, Limberg JK, Lucci VM et al (2021) Long-COVID postural tachycardia syndrome: an American Autonomic Society statement. 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