{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T14:04:29Z","timestamp":1773669869391,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764806400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Roche Pharma AG","award":["ML40505"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ML40505"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002839","name":"Charit\u00e9 - Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002839","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Description of disease progression in MS lack sensitive clinical outcomes. Digital motor outcomes (DMO) offer potential but require thorough validation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This 2-year observational study explores the sensitivity of 26 DMO derived from a task-based assessment protocol via RGB-D camera.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One-hundred people with MS (pwMS) were enrolled, 96 completed follow-up. Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and 12-Item MS Walking Scale (MSWS-12) served as anchors for sensitivity by classifying progression, improvement or stable at 2\u00a0years, irrespective of intercurrent relapses. Primary analysis applied linear mixed modeling. Distribution-based thresholds (MDC) were calculated from stable subgroups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Six DMO showed a significant increase over time in relation to stand-up\/sit-movement (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01;\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02), stepping asymmetry (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02;\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02), trunk deflection while walking (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02) and trunk sway in closed-eyes stance (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02) (95% CI 0.001\u20130.038; all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). EDSS (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200922) and MSWS-12 (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200911) progression groups were distinct. Time effects differed by anchor. For the EDSS progression group, the change in step width and sway velocity in closed-feet\/open-eyes stance exceeded measurement error.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings yield a well-applicable set of DMO that may support definitions of disability accumulation in (early) pwMS. Establishing patient relevance remains challenging due to expectedly low clinical progression rates. The distinct patterns captured by EDSS and MSWS-12 definitions underline the need for multiple anchors when validating new biomarkers.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Trial registration<\/jats:italic>\n                      ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04993274, 2021-03-09 retrospectively registered.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-025-13541-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T07:37:59Z","timestamp":1764833879000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Anchor-based evaluation of digital motor biomarkers from a 2-year observation in 100 patients with multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"273","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct04993274","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6790-656X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla A.","family":"Ellinghaus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanna M.","family":"R\u00f6hling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva-Maria","family":"Dorsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pia S.","family":"Sperber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Radina","family":"Arsenova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gilberto Solorza","family":"Buenrostro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Rekers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Usnich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Schindler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Kroneberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Bellmann-Strobl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frederike C.","family":"Oertel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander U.","family":"Brandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Weygandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Friedemann","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophie K.","family":"Piper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tanja","family":"Schmitz-H\u00fcbsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"13541_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-024-01006-1","volume":"20","author":"G Comi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Comi G et al (2024) Assessing disease progression and treatment response in progressive multiple sclerosis. 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TSM, FP, RA and JBS conducted and published a validated German translation of MSWS-12; however, there is no financial interest. The other authors declare that there are no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"Written informed consent for participation was obtained from all participants for all studies prior to inclusion.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent includes publication of results in aggregated form, i.e. in a way that does not allow re-identification of individual participants for all studies.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publish"}},{"value":"The study MOTOSENS (NCT04993274) was approved by the institutional review board (EA1\/240\/18, amendment 1) and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki in its applicable version. Where available, data from the same individuals from observational studies (CIS EA1\/182\/10, ViMS EA1\/163\/12, BERLimmun EA1\/362\/20) using identical protocols were included to mitigate follow-up loss due to the COVID-19 pandemic (see Supplement and Supplementary Fig.\n                      \n                      ).","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}}],"article-number":"4"}}