{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T12:07:48Z","timestamp":1792066068204,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006379","name":"Office of Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IIR 16-261-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IIR 16-261-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006379","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006379","name":"Office of Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RVR 19-474"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RVR 19-474"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006379","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006379","name":"Office of Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RCS 20-192"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RCS 20-192"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006379","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-025-13554-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T08:30:05Z","timestamp":1767688205000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Spinal cord injuries & disorders as a risk factor for ischemic stroke: a five-year retrospective cohort study of US Veterans"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"273","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7533-5727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafer","family":"Willenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bridget M.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin T.","family":"Stroupe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Sippel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlesnika T.","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiping","family":"Huo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunil","family":"Sabharwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"13554_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2010.178","volume":"49","author":"SL Hitzig","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hitzig SL, Eng JJ, Miller WC et al (2011) An evidence-based review of aging of the body systems following spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 49:684\u2013701","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"13554_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-2004-19102","volume":"19","author":"RH Adkins","year":"2004","unstructured":"Adkins RH (2004) Research and interpretation perspectives on aging related physical morbidity with spinal cord injury and brief review of systems. NeuroRehabil 19:3\u201313","journal-title":"NeuroRehabil"},{"key":"13554_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2006.11753901","volume":"29","author":"RM Shavelle","year":"2006","unstructured":"Shavelle RM, DeVivo MJ, Strauss DJ et al (2006) Long-term survival of persons ventilator dependent after spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med 29:511\u2013519","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med"},{"key":"13554_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.09.019","volume":"103","author":"MJ DeVivo","year":"2022","unstructured":"DeVivo MJ, Chen Y, Wen H (2022) Cause of death trends among persons with spinal cord injury in the United States: 1960\u20132017. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 103:634\u2013641","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"13554_CR5","first-page":"165","volume":"26","author":"A Nakajima","year":"1988","unstructured":"Nakajima A, Honda S (1988) Physical and social condition of rehabilitated spinal cord injury patients in Japan: a long-term review. Paraplegia 26:165\u2013176","journal-title":"Paraplegia"},{"key":"13554_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182a1aa68","volume":"81","author":"JJ Cragg","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cragg JJ, Noonan VK, Krassioukov A et al (2013) Cardiovascular disease and spinal cord injury: results from a national population health survey. Neurology 81:723\u2013728","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"13554_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.07.201","volume":"93","author":"SL LaVela","year":"2012","unstructured":"LaVela SL, Evans CT, Prohaska TR et al (2012) Males aging with a spinal cord injury: prevalence of cardiovascular and metabolic conditions. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 93:90\u201395","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"13554_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31824e8eaa","volume":"78","author":"J-C Wu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wu J-C, Chen Y-C, Liu L et al (2012) Increased risk of stroke after spinal cord injury: a nationwide 4-year follow-up cohort study. Neurology 78:1051\u20131057","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"13554_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1080\/01952307.1994.11735913","volume":"17","author":"CC Nam","year":"1994","unstructured":"Nam CC, Odderson IR (1994) Stroke in the spinal cord injured. J Am Paraplegia Soc 17:36\u201338","journal-title":"J Am Paraplegia Soc"},{"key":"13554_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181577654","volume":"18","author":"E von Elm","year":"2007","unstructured":"von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M et al (2007) The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Epidemiology 18:800\u2013804","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"13554_CR11","volume":"4","author":"JL Sippel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sippel JL, Daly JE, Poggensee L et al (2022) Modernization of a large spinal cord injuries and disorders registry: the Veterans Administration experience. Arch Rehabil Res Clin Transl 4:100237","journal-title":"Arch Rehabil Res Clin Transl"},{"key":"13554_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sippel JL, Willenberg R, Evans CT, et al. 2024 Evolution of the Veterans Health Administration Spinal Cord Injuries and Disorders (SCI\/D) Registry (VHA SCIDR): Characterization from 1994 to 2022. J Spinal Cord Med. 1\u201311.","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2024.2434305"},{"key":"13554_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4696","volume":"37","author":"JA Hirsch","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hirsch JA, Nicola G, McGinty G et al (2016) ICD-10: history and context. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 37:596\u2013599","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"13554_CR14","unstructured":"Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (2023) Chronic Conditions Data Warehouse. 27 CCW Chronic Conditions Algorithms, Master Beneficiary Summary Files, https:\/\/www2.ccwdata.org\/web\/guest\/condition-categories-chronic (Accessed 20 Mar 2024)."},{"key":"13554_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.46292\/sci2702-1","volume":"27","author":"R Rupp","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rupp R, Biering-S\u00f8rensen F, Burns SP et al (2021) International standards for neurological classification of spinal cord injury: revised 2019. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil 27:1\u201322","journal-title":"Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil"},{"key":"13554_CR16","unstructured":"US Food & Drug Administration. Drugs@FDA: FDA-Approved Drugs, https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/scripts\/cder\/daf\/index.cfm (Accessed 22 Mar 2024)."},{"key":"13554_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3754","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0000000000000046","volume":"45","author":"JF Meschia","year":"2014","unstructured":"Meschia JF, Bushnell C, Boden-Albala B et al (2014) Guidelines for the primary prevention of stroke: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association\/American Stroke Association. Stroke 45:3754\u20133832","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"13554_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e364","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0000000000000375","volume":"52","author":"DO Kleindorfer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kleindorfer DO, Towfighi A, Chaturvedi S et al (2021) 2021 Guideline for the prevention of stroke in patients with stroke and transient ischemic attack: a guideline from the american heart association\/american stroke association. Stroke 52:e364\u2013e467","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"13554_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.017559","volume":"9","author":"A Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen A, Stecker E, A Warden B (2020) Direct oral anticoagulant use: a practical guide to common clinical challenges. J Am Heart Assoc 9:e017559","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"13554_CR20","unstructured":"Sippel JL, Eberhart AC, Smith BM. (2023) Overview of the United States Department of Veterans Affairs Spinal Cord Injuries & Disorders (SCI\/D) Registry, https:\/\/www.hsrd.research.va.gov\/for_researchers\/cyber_seminars\/archives\/video_archive.cfm?SessionID=5271&Seriesid=22."},{"key":"13554_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12111872","volume":"12","author":"DM Molinares","year":"2022","unstructured":"Molinares DM, Gater DR, Daniel S et al (2022) Nontraumatic spinal cord injury: epidemiology, etiology and management. J Pers Med 12:1872","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"key":"13554_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-020-00798-x","volume":"33","author":"GR Wylie","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wylie GR, Chiaravalloti ND, Weber E et al (2020) The neural mechanisms underlying processing speed deficits in individuals who have sustained a spinal cord injury: a pilot study. Brain Topogr 33:776\u2013784","journal-title":"Brain Topogr"},{"key":"13554_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.2463\/mrms.rev.2021-0011","volume":"21","author":"H Kabasawa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kabasawa H (2022) MR imaging in the 21st century: technical innovation over the first two decades. Magn Reson Med Sci 21:71\u201382","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med Sci"},{"key":"13554_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30506-2","volume":"388","author":"MJ O\u2019Donnell","year":"2016","unstructured":"O\u2019Donnell MJ, Chin SL, Rangarajan S et al (2016) Global and regional effects of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with acute stroke in 32 countries (INTERSTROKE): a case-control study. Lancet 388:761\u2013775","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"13554_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3369","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.625277","volume":"42","author":"G Howard","year":"2011","unstructured":"Howard G, Cushman M, Kissela BM et al (2011) Traditional risk factors as the underlying cause of racial disparities in stroke: lessons from the half-full (empty?) glass. Stroke 42:3369\u20133375","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"13554_CR26","first-page":"1817","volume":"329","author":"E Harris","year":"2023","unstructured":"Harris E (2023) WHO Declares end of COVID-19 global health emergency. JAMA 329:1817","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"13554_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2021.03.005","volume":"44","author":"LK Stein","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stein LK, Mayman NA, Dhamoon MS et al (2021) The emerging association between COVID-19 and acute stroke. Trends Neurosci 44:527\u2013537","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"13554_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1177\/23969873231190432","volume":"8","author":"M Zuin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zuin M, Mazzitelli M, Rigatelli G et al (2023) Risk of ischemic stroke in patients recovered from COVID-19 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Stroke J 8:915\u2013922","journal-title":"Eur Stroke J"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-025-13554-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00415-025-13554-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-025-13554-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T12:58:31Z","timestamp":1773665911000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00415-025-13554-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["13554"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-025-13554-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-5354","1432-1459"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-5354","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1459","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 September 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 November 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 January 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"STROBE cohort reporting criteria were used.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"This study was conducted with approval by the Edward Hines VA Hospital Institutional Review Board (IRB), and individual consent was waived.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}],"article-number":"59"}}