{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T14:05:11Z","timestamp":1773669911464,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-025-13611-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T12:26:07Z","timestamp":1768047967000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Two-year OCT follow-up in multiple sclerosis patients on Ofatumumab shows retinal preservation over non-antiCD20 treatments"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"273","author":[{"given":"Giacomo","family":"Greco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Della Porta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Masi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Redemagni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lara","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Caverzasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Bergamaschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Terzaghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Gastaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Rigoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Pichiecchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5265-5055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Colombo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Tavazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"13611_CR1","first-page":"205521731987158","volume":"5","author":"LJ Balk","year":"2019","unstructured":"Balk LJ, Coric D, Knier B, Zimmermann HG, Behbehani R, Alroughani R et al (2019) Retinal inner nuclear layer volume reflects inflammatory disease activity in multiple sclerosis; a longitudinal OCT study. Mult Scler J 5(3):2055217319871582","journal-title":"Mult Scler J"},{"issue":"6","key":"13611_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq080","volume":"133","author":"AJ Green","year":"2010","unstructured":"Green AJ, McQuaid S, Hauser SL, Allen IV, Lyness R (2010) Ocular pathology in multiple sclerosis: retinal atrophy and inflammation irrespective of disease duration. Brain 133(6):1591\u20131601. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awq080","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"9","key":"13611_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70168-X","volume":"9","author":"A Petzold","year":"2010","unstructured":"Petzold A, de Boer JF, Schippling S, Vermersch P, Kardon R, Green A et al (2010) Optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Neurol 9(9):921\u2013932","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"13611_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24487","volume":"78","author":"S Saidha","year":"2015","unstructured":"Saidha S, Al-Louzi O, Ratchford JN, Bhargava P, Oh J, Newsome SD et al (2015) Optical coherence tomography reflects brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis: a four-year study. Ann Neurol 78(5):801\u2013813","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"10","key":"13611_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30278-8","volume":"16","author":"A Petzold","year":"2017","unstructured":"Petzold A, Balcer LJ, Calabresi PA, Costello F, Frohman TC, Frohman EM et al (2017) Retinal layer segmentation in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Neurol 16(10):797\u2013812","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"12","key":"13611_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51473","volume":"8","author":"F Paul","year":"2021","unstructured":"Paul F, Calabresi PA, Barkhof F, Green AJ, Kardon R, Sastre-Garriga J et al (2021) Optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis: a 3-year prospective multicenter study. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 8(12):2235\u20132251","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"13611_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)00068-5","volume":"15","author":"EH Martinez-Lapiscina","year":"2016","unstructured":"Martinez-Lapiscina EH, Arnow S, Wilson JA, Saidha S, Preiningerova JL, Oberwahrenbrock T et al (2016) Retinal thickness measured with optical coherence tomography and risk of disability worsening in multiple sclerosis: a cohort study. Lancet Neurol 15(6):574\u2013584","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"13611_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2018","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000533","volume":"6","author":"C Cordano","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cordano C, Nourbakhsh B, Devereux M, Damotte V, Bennett D, Hauser SL et al (2019) PRNFL as a marker of disability worsening in the medium\/long term in patients with MS. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 6(2):2018\u201320","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"issue":"2","key":"13611_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458517740216","volume":"25","author":"G Bsteh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bsteh G, Hegen H, Teuchner B, Amprosi M, Berek K, Ladst\u00e4tter F et al (2019) Peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer as measured by optical coherence tomography is a prognostic biomarker not only for physical but also for cognitive disability progression in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 25(2):196\u2013203","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"issue":"15","key":"13611_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1685","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000200977","volume":"99","author":"C Cordano","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cordano C, Nourbakhsh B, Yiu HH, Papinutto N, Caverzasi E, Abdelhak A et al (2022) Differences in age-related retinal and cortical atrophy rates in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 99(15):e1685\u2013e1693","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"13611_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692599","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.692599","volume":"15","author":"S Guerrieri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guerrieri S, Comi G, Leocani L (2021) Optical coherence tomography and visual evoked potentials as prognostic and monitoring tools in progressive multiple sclerosis. Front Neurosci 15:692599","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"7","key":"13611_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2024-334801","volume":"96","author":"F De Angelis","year":"2025","unstructured":"De Angelis F, Cameron JR, Eshaghi A, Parker R, Connick P, Stutters J et al (2025) Optical coherence tomography in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: cross-sectional and longitudinal exploratory analysis from the MS-SMART randomised controlled trial. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 96(7):647\u2013654","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"13611_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-022-11449-5","volume":"270","author":"O Mirmosayyeb","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mirmosayyeb O, Zivadinov R, Weinstock-Guttman B, Benedict RHB, Jakimovski D (2023) Optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements and cognitive performance in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurol 270(3):1266\u20131285","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"13611_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.120847","volume":"454","author":"O Mirmosayyeb","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mirmosayyeb O, YazdanPanah M, Mokary Y, Ghaffary EM, Ghoshouni H, Zivadinov R et al (2023) Optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements and disability in multiple sclerosis (MS): a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurol Sci 454:120847","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"13611_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458520935724","volume":"27","author":"G Bsteh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bsteh G, Berek K, Hegen H, Altmann P, Wurth S, Auer M et al (2021) Macular ganglion cell\u2013inner plexiform layer thinning as a biomarker of disability progression in relapsing multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler J 27(5):684\u2013694","journal-title":"Mult Scler J"},{"issue":"16","key":"13611_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000200970","volume":"99","author":"G Bsteh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bsteh G, Krajnc N, Riedl K, Altmann P, Kornek B, Leutmezer F et al (2022) Retinal layer thinning after optic neuritis is associated with future relapse remission in relapsing multiple sclerosis. Neurology 99(16):1803\u20131812","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"13611_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003582","volume":"88","author":"J Button","year":"2017","unstructured":"Button J, Al-Louzi O, Lang A, Bhargava P, Newsome SD, Frohman T et al (2017) Disease-modifying therapies modulate retinal atrophy in multiple sclerosis: a retrospective study. Neurology 88(6):525\u2013532","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"13611_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000971","volume":"8","author":"Y You","year":"2021","unstructured":"You Y, Barnett MH, Yiannikas C, Parratt JDE, Matthews JG, Graham SL et al (2021) Interferon-\u03b2 is less effective than other drugs in controlling the rate of retinal ganglion cell loss in MS. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 8(3):1\u20136","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"issue":"2","key":"13611_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.52279","volume":"12","author":"G Bsteh","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bsteh G, Hegen H, Krajnc N, F\u00f6ttinger F, Altmann P, Auer M et al (2025) Retinal thinning differentiates treatment effects in relapsing multiple sclerosis below the clinical threshold. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 12(2):345\u2013354","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"key":"13611_CR20","first-page":"51","volume":"3","author":"TS Lin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lin TS (2010) Ofatumumab: a novel monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 3:51\u201359","journal-title":"Pharmgenomics Pers Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"13611_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-018-0135-x","volume":"19","author":"R Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li R, Patterson KR, Bar-Or A (2018) Reassessing B cell contributions in multiple sclerosis. Nat Immunol 19(7):696\u2013707","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"13611_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1917246","volume":"383","author":"SL Hauser","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hauser SL, Bar-Or A, Cohen JA, Comi G, Correale J, Coyle PK et al (2020) Ofatumumab versus teriflunomide in multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 383(6):546\u2013557","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"13611_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25927","volume":"89","author":"G Comi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Comi G, Bar-Or A, Lassmann H, Uccelli A, Hartung HP, Montalban X et al (2021) Role of B cells in multiple sclerosis and related disorders. Ann Neurol 89(1):13\u201323","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"12","key":"13611_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-019-0233-2","volume":"20","author":"JJ Sabatino","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sabatino JJ, Pr\u00f6bstel AK, Zamvil SS (2019) B cells in autoimmune and neurodegenerative central nervous system diseases. Nat Rev Neurosci 20(12):728\u2013745","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"13611_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30470-2","volume":"17","author":"AJ Thompson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Thompson AJ, Banwell BL, Barkhof F, Carroll WM, Coetzee T, Comi G et al (2018) Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria. Lancet Neurol 17(2):162\u2013173","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"13611_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0034823","volume":"7","author":"P Tewarie","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tewarie P, Balk L, Costello F, Green A, Martin R, Schippling S et al (2012) The OSCAR-IB consensus criteria for retinal OCT quality assessment. PLoS ONE 7(4):1\u20137","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"13611_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000012125","volume":"97","author":"A Aytulun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aytulun A, Balk L, Barboni P, Blanco AA, Calabresi PA, Costello F et al (2021) APOSTEL 2.0 recommendations for reporting quantitative optical coherence tomography studies. Neurology 97:68\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000012125","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"13611_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1975","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-025-00784-0","volume":"14","author":"SL Hauser","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hauser SL, Cohen JA, de S\u00e8ze J, Meuth SG, Giacomini PS, Nakahara J et al (2025) Five-year safety and efficacy outcomes with ofatumumab in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis. Neurol Ther 14(5):1975\u20131992. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40120-025-00784-0","journal-title":"Neurol Ther"},{"key":"13611_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2025.101476","volume":"59","author":"A Cagol","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cagol A, Schaedelin S, Pretzsch R, Kappos L, Sormani MP, Granziera C (2025) The effect of disease-modifying therapies on brain volume loss and disability accumulation in multiple sclerosis\u202f: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet Reg Health - Eur 59:101476. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lanepe.2025.101476","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health - Eur"},{"key":"13611_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.11.010","volume":"175","author":"C Bowd","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bowd C, Zangwill LM, Weinreb RN, Medeiros FA, Belghith A (2017) Estimating optical coherence tomography structural measurement floors to improve detection of progression in advanced\u00a0glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol 175:37\u201344","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"13611_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bacchetti A, McCormack B, Lin TY, Doosti R, Ahmadi G, Ezzedin O et al (2025) Test\u2013retest reliability of Cirrus HD-optical coherence tomography retinal layer thickness measurements in people with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin 11(2)","DOI":"10.1177\/20552173251340957"},{"issue":"1","key":"13611_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2016.08.012","volume":"35","author":"F Costello","year":"2016","unstructured":"Costello F (2017) Optical coherence tomography in neuro-ophthalmology. Neurol Clin 35(1):153\u2013163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ncl.2016.08.012. PMID: 27886892","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"issue":"4","key":"13611_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0000000000000422","volume":"36","author":"JJ Chen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen JJ, Kardon RH (2016) Avoiding clinical misinterpretation and artifacts of optical coherence tomography analysis of the optic nerve, retinal nerve fiber layer, and ganglion cell layer. J Neuro-Ophthalmol 36(4):417\u2013438","journal-title":"J Neuro-Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"Pt 4","key":"13611_CR34","first-page":"1089","volume":"130","author":"R Magliozzi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Magliozzi R, Howell O, Vora A, Serafini B, Nicholas R, Puopolo M et al (2007) Meningeal B-cell follicles in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis associate with early onset of disease and severe cortical pathology. Brain 130(Pt 4):1089\u20131104","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"4","key":"13611_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22230","volume":"68","author":"R Magliozzi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Magliozzi R, Howell OW, Reeves C, Roncaroli F, Nicholas R, Serafini B et al (2010) A gradient of neuronal loss and meningeal inflammation in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 68(4):477\u2013493","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"13611_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000975","author":"J Roodselaar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Roodselaar J, Zhou Y, Leppert D, Hauser AE, Urich E, Anthony DC (2021) Anti-CD20 disrupts meningeal B-cell aggregates in a model of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000975","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"issue":"9","key":"13611_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.94","volume":"1","author":"DC Anthony","year":"2014","unstructured":"Anthony DC, Dickens AM, Seneca N, Couch Y, Campbell S, Checa B et al (2014) Anti-CD20 inhibits T cell-mediated pathology and microgliosis in the rat brain. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 1(9):659\u2013669","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"issue":"737","key":"13611_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadi0295","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adi0295","volume":"16","author":"AA Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang AA, Luessi F, Neziraj T, P\u00f6ssnecker E, Zuo M, Engel S et al (2024) B cell depletion with anti-CD20 promotes neuroprotection in a BAFF-dependent manner in mice and humans. Sci Transl Med 16(737):eadi0295","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"13611_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-012-6809-7","volume":"260","author":"L Kappos","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kappos L, O\u2019Connor PW, Polman CH, Vermersch P, Wiendl H, Pace A et al (2013) Clinical effects of natalizumab on multiple sclerosis appear early in treatment course. J Neurol 260(5):1388\u20131395","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"13611_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105886","author":"FF Konen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Konen FF, Gingele S, H\u00fcmmert MW, M\u00f6hn N, Streichert AL, Kretschmer JR et al (2024) Rapid depletion of CD20+ B and T cells following ofatumumab therapy onset. Mult Scler Relat Disord. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105886","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-025-13611-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00415-025-13611-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-025-13611-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T12:58:01Z","timestamp":1773665881000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00415-025-13611-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["13611"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-025-13611-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-5354","1432-1459"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-5354","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1459","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 December 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 December 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 January 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"GG has received speaker honoraria and travel grants from Novartis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Amgen, Merck-Serono, Roche and Biogen. EC reports travel expenses, speaker honoraria, and advisory board work from Sanofi, Biogen, Novartis, Merck, Roche, Bristol MS, Juvisee, Alexion, Amgen. ER reports travel expenses, speaker honoraria and advisory board work from Novartis, Merck-Serono, Roche, Sanofi, Neuraxpharm. LA reports travel expenses and speaker honoraria from Novartis, Merck-Serono, Roche, Sanofi. None of the other authors has any conflict of interest to disclose relevant to this manuscript. We confirm that we have read the Journal\u2019s position on issues involved in ethical publication and affirm that this report is consistent with those guidelines.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from patients (or caregivers of participants).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The project was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia (project codes: 0020308\/23). All patients included in the study provided their informed consent.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}],"article-number":"77"}}