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JSG receives research support from Instituto Salud Carlos III cofunded by the European Union (PI19\/0950, PI22\/0750, PI25\/01664). JSG has participated in the last 36\u00a0months in events funded by Merck, Roche, BMS, Sanofi, Novartis, and Cobel-Darou. JSG is member of the executive board of ECTRIMS and Editor-in-Chief of Multiple Sclerosis Journal. DP receives research support from Instituto Salud Carlos III cofunded by the European Union (PI22\/01709). DMS and AL are employed by icometrix. NMO has been awarded an ECTRIMS-MAGNIMS Research Fellowship for 2024. LDF has received consultancy honoraria, speaker fees and\/or travel support from Merck-Serono, Novartis, Sanofi, Roche, and EG. GN is a shareholder and employee of icometrix. GN benefits from a senior clinical research fellowship of the FWO Flanders (1805625N). The other authors have no conflicts of interest to report that are relevant to this work.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}],"article-number":"402"}}