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Sarasso, S. Basaia, and E. Canu have received research support from the Italian Ministry of Health. M. Filippi is the Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Neurology, Associate Editor of Human Brain Mapping, Neurological Sciences, and Radiology; received compensation for consulting services from Alexion, Almirall, Biogen, Merck, Novartis, Roche, and Sanofi; speaking activities from Bayer, Biogen, Celgene, Chiesi Italia SpA, Eli Lilly, Genzyme, Janssen, Merck-Serono, Neopharmed Gentili, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Roche, Sanofi, Takeda, and TEVA; participation in Advisory Boards for Alexion, Biogen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi, Sanofi-Aventis, Sanofi-Genzyme, Takeda, scientific direction of educational events for Biogen, Merck, Roche, Celgene, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lilly, Novartis, and Sanofi-Genzyme; he receives research support from Biogen Idec, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Roche, Italian Ministry of Health, the Italian Ministry of University and Research, and Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla. F. Agosta is Associate Editor of NeuroImage: Clinical, has received speaker honoraria from Biogen Idec, Italfarmaco, Roche, Zambon, and Ely Lilli, and receives or has received research supports from the Italian Ministry of Health, the Italian Ministry of University and Research, AriSLA (Fondazione Italiana di Ricerca per la SLA), the European Research Council, the EU Joint Programme\u2013Neurodegenerative Disease Research (JPND), and Foundation Research on Alzheimer Disease (France). The other authors have declared that they have no competing interests. M. Gandolfi has received research support from Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla. M.T. Pellecchia has received research support from the Italian Ministry of Health and the Italian Ministry of University. M. Tinazzi has received research support from the Italian Ministry of Health. A. Fratucello received compensation for consulting services from Novartis.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"Ethics approval was obtained from the respective committees (4201CESC-PNRR-MAD-2022-12376826). The trial was registered in clinicaltrials.gov (NCT06328790).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"All patients provided written informed consent. The study adhered to the ethical standards for research involving human participants as outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}],"article-number":"299"}}