{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T19:01:39Z","timestamp":1790449299541,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]],"date-time":"2026-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780790400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]],"date-time":"2026-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Ulm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Atrophy of the tongue muscle without severe dysarthria is one of the clinical hallmarks of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), a motor neuron disease caused by an androgene receptor defect. An operator-independent AI-based automatic segmentation of the tongue was applied to 3-D MRI data of the head in SBMA in order to quantify the tongue atrophy. Thirty-nine patients with SBMA and 51 age-matched healthy controls underwent MRI which were used for tongue volume quantification. A single triplanar convolutional neural network of U-Net architecture trained on axial, coronal, and sagittal planes was used for the segmentation of the tongue in MRI scans of the head, the resulting volumes were processed slice-wise across the three orientations and corrected for age. At the group level, a significant atrophy of the tongue was observed in SBMA when compared to controls (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Atrophy correlated well with total SBMA-functional rating scale and even more with bulbar subscores. In summary, the study employed an AI-assisted advanced imaging analysis to quantify the tongue morphology in individuals with SBMA in correlation to clinical bulbar function, suggesting this approach as a potential biomarker for disease assessment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-026-13921-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]],"date-time":"2026-06-07T10:06:23Z","timestamp":1780826783000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Tongue volume in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA): an AI-assisted automatic MRI analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"273","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9700-0338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Rosenbohm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ina","family":"Vernikouskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastasia","family":"Nosanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nam","family":"Nguyen-Younossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl Georg","family":"Haeusler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jochen","family":"Weishaupt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Volker","family":"Rasche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans-Peter","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Kassubek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6330","key":"13921_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1038\/352077a0","volume":"352","author":"AR La Spada","year":"1991","unstructured":"La Spada AR, Wilson EM, Lubahn DB, Harding AE, Fischbeck KH (1991) Androgen receptor gene mutations in X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. 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All authors exclude financial support for this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The research protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Ulm University, Germany (reference no. 258\/22), in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}],"article-number":"375"}}