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However, detailed assessment by a Neuropsychologist is often not feasible or practical. Although many screening tools exist, none fulfill three critical criteria: 1) assess all stroke-relevant domains, 2) consider demographic variables of gender, age, education level, and whether English is a first or second language, and 3) is brief and can be easily administered.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Q-CAS was developed by adapting well-validated neuropsychological tests. Cognitive domains include verbal\/spatial memory, naming, perception, attention, executive functions, processing speed, and mood. We administered the Q-CAS to healthy individuals and patients with acute mild-to-moderate stroke, and examined aspects of reliability, convergent and divergent validity, and diagnostic accuracy against reference-standard neuropsychological testing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>648 healthy individuals and 150 patients with acute stroke were assessed. The mean completion time was 9\u00a0min for healthy individuals and 15\u00a0min for stroke patients. All Q-CAS subtests\u00a0demonstrated\u00a0clinically acceptable convergent and divergent validity against neuropsychological tests. ROC curve analyses showed good discrimination for all cognitive domains and were comparable for left- and right-hemisphere lesions. Using a novel simple scoring method which incorporates demographic variables, executive function, speed, and memory showed the best sensitivity (&gt;\u20090.8), whereas perception and attention showed the best specificity (&gt;\u20090.8).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Q-CAS is a brief cognitive screening tool assessing six core cognitive domains and mood. Validated in acute stroke, it demonstrates good discrimination across domains and offers a practical first-line approach that mitigates limitations of existing tools while balancing brevity and thoroughness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-026-14016-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T15:04:24Z","timestamp":1784559864000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Queen Square cognitive assessment screen (Q-CAS): normative data and validation in acute stroke"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"273","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2312-683X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edgar","family":"Chan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"del Rocio Hidalgo Mas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"So","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Simister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Werring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parashkev","family":"Nachev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Cipolotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"14016_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acx021","author":"TM Roebuck-Spencer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Roebuck-Spencer TM, Glen T, Puente AE et al (2017) Cognitive screening tests versus comprehensive neuropsychological test batteries: a national academy of neuropsychology education paper. 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