{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T17:28:10Z","timestamp":1793899690542,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788652800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/042aqky30","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While therapeutic coma is an established escalation strategy in generalized convulsive status epilepticus, evidence for benefit in non-convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) is limited and treatment-related complications may affect outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients with NCSE treated at a tertiary hospital. Patients were classified according to receipt of therapeutic coma, defined as continuous intravenous and\/or inhalational anesthetic administration for seizure control. The primary outcome was the occurrence of predefined clinically relevant in-hospital medical complications, including pneumonia, sepsis, cardiac arrhythmias, acute renal failure, renal replacement therapy, venous thromboembolism and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Secondary outcomes included in-hospital mortality, ICU length of stay and successful termination of NCSE. Confounding by indication was addressed using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) based on propensity scores.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 283 patients with NCSE, 111 (39.2%) received therapeutic coma. In IPTW-adjusted analyses, therapeutic coma was associated with higher odds of pneumonia (OR 20.40, 95% CI 8.93\u201346.58;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), sepsis (OR 6.09, 95% CI 3.14\u201311.80;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), cardiac arrhythmias (OR 13.96, 95% CI 4.57\u201342.65;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), acute renal failure (OR 4.17, 95% CI 1.85\u20139.40;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001), renal replacement therapy (OR 4.97, 95% CI 1.65\u201314.97;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.004) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (OR 11.22, 95% CI 2.35\u201353.63;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.002), whereas the association with venous thromboembolism did not reach statistical significance (OR 3.04, 95% CI 0.97\u20139.51;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.057). Therapeutic coma was also associated with increased in-hospital mortality (RR 1.86, 95% CI 1.28\u20132.71; p=0.001) and prolonged ICU length of stay (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 1.36, 95% CI 1.13\u20131.60;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Successful NCSE termination occurred less frequently in patients treated with therapeutic coma (70.3% vs. 84.3%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.005).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In NCSE, therapeutic coma was associated with higher complication rates, longer ICU stay and increased in-hospital mortality, while no higher rates of short-term seizure control were observed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-026-14090-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T01:42:10Z","timestamp":1788658930000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Therapeutic coma in non-convulsive status epilepticus is associated with increased complications and mortality: a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"273","author":[{"given":"Eyad","family":"Altarsha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norma J.","family":"Diel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minja","family":"Braun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Schoene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alia","family":"Kaadan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haidar","family":"Moustafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Winzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annahita","family":"Sedghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timo","family":"Siepmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Lesser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hagen B.","family":"Huttner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristian","family":"Barlinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"14090_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13121","volume":"56","author":"E Trinka","year":"2015","unstructured":"Trinka E, Cock H, Hesdorffer D, Rossetti AO, Scheffer IE, Shinnar S, Shorvon S, Lowenstein DH (2015) A definition and classification of status epilepticus\u2013report of the ILAE task force on classification of status epilepticus. Epilepsia 56:1515\u20131523. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/epi.13121","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"14090_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2024.109918","volume":"158","author":"L K\u00e4mppi","year":"2024","unstructured":"K\u00e4mppi L, K\u00e4mppi A, Strzelczyk A (2024) Mortality and morbidity of status epilepticus over the long term. Epilepsy Behav 158:109918. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yebeh.2024.109918","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"14090_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2004.06.001","volume":"14","author":"LT Penberthy","year":"2005","unstructured":"Penberthy LT, Towne A, Garnett LK, Perlin JB, DeLorenzo RJ (2005) Estimating the economic burden of status epilepticus to the health care system. Seizure 14:46\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.seizure.2004.06.001","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"14090_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(24)00430-7","volume":"24","author":"JV Gettings","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gettings JV, Mohammad Alizadeh Chafjiri F, Patel AA, Shorvon S, Goodkin HP, Loddenkemper T (2025) Diagnosis and management of status epilepticus: improving the status quo. Lancet Neurol 24:65\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(24)00430-7","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"14090_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/s42466-025-00435-7","volume":"7","author":"LM Willems","year":"2025","unstructured":"Willems LM, Beuchat I, Fisch U, Sutter R, Kellinghaus C, Strzelczyk A (2025) Diagnosis, treatment, and outcome prediction of non-convulsive status epilepticus in unconscious patients in intensive care units. Neurol Res Pract 7:79. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s42466-025-00435-7","journal-title":"Neurol Res Pract"},{"key":"14090_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnp.2019.07.001","volume":"4","author":"AO Rossetti","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rossetti AO, Hirsch LJ, Drislane FW (2019) Nonconvulsive seizures and nonconvulsive status epilepticus in the neuro ICU should or should not be treated aggressively: a debate. Clin Neurophysiol Pract 4:170\u2013177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cnp.2019.07.001","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol Pract"},{"key":"14090_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17982","volume":"65","author":"L Vignatelli","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vignatelli L, Tontini V, Meletti S, Camerlingo M, Mazzoni S, Giovannini G, Pasini E, Michelucci R, Bisulli F, Tinuper P, Di Vito L (2024) Clinical practice guidelines on the management of status epilepticus in adults: a systematic review. Epilepsia 65:1512\u20131530","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"14090_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004642","volume":"48","author":"SM Baumann","year":"2020","unstructured":"Baumann SM, Semmlack S, De Marchis GM, Hunziker S, R\u00fcegg S, Marsch S, Sutter R (2020) Frequency and implications of complications in the ICU after status epilepticus: no calm after the storm. Crit Care Med 48:1779\u20131789. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004642","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"14090_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-007-0915-5","volume":"34","author":"S Legriel","year":"2008","unstructured":"Legriel S, Mourvillier B, Bele N, Amaro J, Fouet P, Manet P, Hilpert F (2008) Outcomes in 140 critically ill patients with status epilepticus. Intensive Care Med 34:476\u2013480. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-007-0915-5","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"14090_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000881","volume":"43","author":"NA Marchi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Marchi NA, Novy J, Faouzi M, St\u00e4hli C, Burnand B, Rossetti AO (2015) Status epilepticus: impact of therapeutic coma on outcome. Crit Care Med 43:1003\u20131009. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000881","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"14090_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0b013e318278be75","volume":"2","author":"R Sutter","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sutter R, R\u00fcegg S, Kaplan PW (2012) Epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of nonconvulsive status epilepticus: opening Pandora\u2019s box. Neurol Clin Pract 2:275\u2013286. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/CPJ.0b013e318278be75","journal-title":"Neurol Clin Pract"},{"key":"14090_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.05.007","volume":"49","author":"M Leitinger","year":"2016","unstructured":"Leitinger M, Beniczky S, Rohracher A, Gardella E, Kalss G, Qerama E, H\u00f6fler J, Hess Lindberg-Larsen A, Kuchukhidze G, Dobesberger J, Langthaler PB, Trinka E (2016) Salzburg consensus criteria for non-convulsive status epilepticus--approach to clinical application. Epilepsy Behav 49:158\u2013163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.05.007","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"14090_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e200","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17753","volume":"64","author":"S Lattanzi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lattanzi S, Giovannini G, Brigo F, Orlandi N, Trinka E, Meletti S (2023) Acute symptomatic status epilepticus: splitting or lumping? A proposal of classification based on real-world data. Epilepsia 64:e200\u2013e206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/epi.17753","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"14090_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e61","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw353","volume":"63","author":"AC Kalil","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kalil AC, Metersky ML, Klompas M, Muscedere J, Sweeney DA, Palmer LB, Napolitano LM, O\u2019Grady NP, Bartlett JG, Carratal\u00e0 J, El Solh AA, Ewig S, Fey PD, File TM Jr, Restrepo MI, Roberts JA, Waterer GW, Cruse P, Knight SL, Brozek JL (2016) Management of adults with hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia: 2016 clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the American Thoracic Society. Clin Infect Dis 63:e61\u2013e111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciw353","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"14090_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","volume":"315","author":"M Singer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, Shankar-Hari M, Annane D, Bauer M, Bellomo R, Bernard GR, Chiche JD, Coopersmith CM, Hotchkiss RS, Levy MM, Marshall JC, Martin GS, Opal SM, Rubenfeld GD, van der Poll T, Vincent JL, Angus DC (2016) The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA 315:801\u2013810. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"14090_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"c179","DOI":"10.1159\/000339789","volume":"120","author":"A Khwaja","year":"2012","unstructured":"Khwaja A (2012) KDIGO clinical practice guidelines for acute kidney injury. Nephron Clin Pract 120:c179\u2013c184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000339789","journal-title":"Nephron Clin Pract"},{"key":"14090_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.1679","volume":"44","author":"VM Asrani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Asrani VM, Brown A, Huang W, Bissett I, Windsor JA (2020) Gastrointestinal dysfunction in critical illness: a review of scoring tools. J Parenter Enter Nutr 44:182\u2013196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jpen.1679","journal-title":"J Parenter Enter Nutr"},{"key":"14090_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2793","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv316","volume":"36","author":"SG Priori","year":"2015","unstructured":"Priori SG, Blomstr\u00f6m-Lundqvist C, Mazzanti A, Blom N, Borggrefe M, Camm J, Elliott PM, Fitzsimons D, Hatala R, Hindricks G, Kirchhof P, Kjeldsen K, Kuck KH, Hernandez-Madrid A, Nikolaou N, Norekv\u00e5l TM, Spaulding C, Van Veldhuisen DJ (2015) 2015 ESC guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: the task force for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death of the European society of cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 36:2793\u20132867. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv316","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"14090_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz467","volume":"41","author":"J Brugada","year":"2019","unstructured":"Brugada J, Katritsis DG, Arbelo E, Arribas F, Bax JJ, Blomstr\u00f6m-Lundqvist C, Calkins H, Corrado D, Deftereos SG, Diller GP, Gomez-Doblas JJ, Gorenek B, Grace A, Ho SY, Kaski JC, Kuck KH, Lambiase PD, Sacher F, Sarquella-Brugada G, Suwalski P, Zaza A (2019) 2019 ESC guidelines for the management of patients with supraventricular tachycardia. The task force for the management of patients with supraventricular tachycardia of the European society of cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 41:655\u2013720. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz467","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"14090_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1097\/MCC.0000000000000687","volume":"26","author":"SD Pearson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pearson SD, Patel BK (2020) Evolving targets for sedation during mechanical ventilation. Curr Opin Crit Care 26:47\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MCC.0000000000000687","journal-title":"Curr Opin Crit Care"},{"key":"14090_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2802","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr215","volume":"134","author":"S Shorvon","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shorvon S, Ferlisi M (2011) The treatment of super-refractory status epilepticus: a critical review of available therapies and a clinical treatment protocol. Brain 134:2802\u20132818","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"14090_CR22","first-page":"1942","volume":"57","author":"V Alvarez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Alvarez V, Januel JM, Burnand B, Rossetti AO (2016) Role of anesthetic coma in status epilepticus management: a systematic review. Epilepsia 57:1942\u20131951","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"14090_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003224","volume":"87","author":"V Alvarez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Alvarez V, Lee JW, Westover MB, Drislane FW, Novy J, Faouzi M, Marchi NA, Dworetzky BA, Rossetti AO (2016) Therapeutic coma for status epilepticus: differing practices in a prospective multicenter study. Neurology 87:1650\u20131659. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003224","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"14090_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-013-2830-2","volume":"39","author":"Y Shehabi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shehabi Y, Chan L, Kadiman S, Alias A, Ismail WN, Tan MA, Khoo TM, Ali SB, Saman MA, Shaltut A, Tan CC, Yong CY, Bailey M (2013) Sedation depth and long-term mortality in mechanically ventilated critically ill adults: a prospective longitudinal multicentre cohort study. Intensive Care Med 39:910\u2013918. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-013-2830-2","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"14090_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc8907","volume":"14","author":"S Nseir","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nseir S, Makris D, Mathieu D, Durocher A, Marquette CH (2020) Intensive care unit-acquired infection as a side effect of sedation. Crit Care 14:R30. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/cc8907","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"14090_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6447","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-50805-z","volume":"15","author":"F Howroyd","year":"2024","unstructured":"Howroyd F, Chacko C, MacDuff A, Gautam N, Pouchet B, Tunnicliffe B, Weblin J, Gao-Smith F, Ahmed Z, Duggal NA, Veenith T (2024) Ventilator-associated pneumonia: pathobiological heterogeneity and diagnostic challenges. Nat Commun 15:6447. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-024-50805-z","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"14090_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.62.11.1698","volume":"62","author":"AO Rossetti","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rossetti AO, Logroscino G, Bromfield EB (2005) Refractory status epilepticus: effect of treatment aggressiveness on prognosis. Arch Neurol 62:1698\u20131702. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archneur.62.11.1698","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"14090_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCE.0000000000001311","volume":"7","author":"CD Cornwall","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cornwall CD, Piilgaard H, Engedal TS, Olsen HT, M\u00f8ller K, Kr\u00f8ig\u00e5rd T, Uslu B, Christensen J, Sidaros A, Beier CP (2025) Fast acute sedation at intensive care vs. high-dose IV anti-seizure medication for treatment of non-convulsive status epilepticus: a randomized, multicenter trial. Crit Care Explor 7:e1311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCE.0000000000001311","journal-title":"Crit Care Explor"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-026-14090-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00415-026-14090-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-026-14090-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T17:04:12Z","timestamp":1793898252000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00415-026-14090-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["14090"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-026-14090-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-5354","1432-1459"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-5354","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1459","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 July 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 August 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 September 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflicts of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study protocol was approved by the local Ethics Committee of the Technical University Dresden (BO-EK-385072021); the requirement for written informed consent was waived due to retrospective analysis of anonymized routine clinical data.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"563"}}