{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T17:28:17Z","timestamp":1793899697314,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Henan Medical Science and Technology Research Program Joint Construction Project","award":["LHGJ20250574"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LHGJ20250574"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-026-14128-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T03:07:20Z","timestamp":1788750440000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Adjunctive corticosteroids in herpes simplex virus encephalitis: a meta-analysis of randomized and observational studies"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"273","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1972-4557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongdong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengyu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yipei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Menglei","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liudan","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiahao","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minnan","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruile","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"14128_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30244-8","volume":"17","author":"T Armangue","year":"2018","unstructured":"Armangue T, Spatola M, Vlagea A, Mattozzi S, C\u00e1rceles-Cordon M, Martinez-Heras E, Llufriu S, Muchart J, Erro ME, Abraira L, Moris G, Monros-Gim\u00e9nez L, Corral-Corral \u00cd, Montejo C, Toledo M, Bataller L, Secondi G, Ari\u00f1o H, Mart\u00ednez-Hern\u00e1ndez E, Juan M, Marcos MA, Alsina L, Saiz A, Rosenfeld MR, Graus F, Dalmau J (2018) Frequency, symptoms, risk factors, and outcomes of autoimmune encephalitis after herpes simplex encephalitis: a prospective observational study and retrospective analysis. Lancet Neurol 17:760\u2013772","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"14128_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-016-0433-7","volume":"13","author":"MJ Bradshaw","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bradshaw MJ, Venkatesan A (2016) Herpes simplex virus-1 encephalitis in adults: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. Neurotherapeutics 13:493\u2013508","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"14128_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106566","volume":"91","author":"J Cleaver","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cleaver J, Chungath R, Gimson A, Strippel C, Ceronie B, Soleimani B, Johnson T, Muscal E, Fisher K, Jiang Y, Erickson TA, Murray KO, Hovet STF, Poulsen CA, Magnussen AS, Dumez P, Ronca S, H\u00e4usler M, Quade A, Swayne A, Blaabjerg M, Nissen M, Sandweiss AJ, Honnorat J, Dale R, Lim M, Eyre M, Nosadini M, Handunnetthi L, Irani SR, Handel AE (2025) Clinical phenotype and outcomes in autoimmune encephalitis after herpes simplex virus encephalitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect 91:106566","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"14128_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000922","volume":"36","author":"V Gundamraj","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gundamraj V, Hasbun R (2023) Viral meningitis and encephalitis: an update. Curr Opin Infect Dis 36:177\u2013185","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"14128_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0230436","volume":"15","author":"L Harris","year":"2020","unstructured":"Harris L, Griem J, Gummery A, Marsh L, Defres S, Bhojak M, Das K, Easton A, Solomon T, Kopelman M (2020) Neuropsychological and psychiatric outcomes in encephalitis: a multi-centre case-control study. PLoS ONE 15:e0230436","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"14128_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2023.107137","volume":"192","author":"N Hersh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hersh N, Ben Zvi H, Goldstein L, Steiner I, Benninger F (2023) Epilepsy following herpes simplex encephalitis - a case series. Epilepsy Res 192:107137","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"key":"14128_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.049676","volume":"76","author":"S Kamei","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kamei S, Sekizawa T, Shiota H, Mizutani T, Itoyama Y, Takasu T, Morishima T, Hirayanagi K (2005) Evaluation of combination therapy using aciclovir and corticosteroid in adult patients with herpes simplex virus encephalitis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 76:1544\u20131549","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"14128_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(71)92010-1","volume":"297","author":"M Longson","year":"1971","unstructured":"Longson M, Beswick TSL (1971) Dexamethasone treatment in herpes-simplex encephalitis. Lancet 297:749\u2013750","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"14128_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s42466-019-0031-3","volume":"1","author":"U Meyding-Lamad\u00e9","year":"2019","unstructured":"Meyding-Lamad\u00e9 U, Jacobi C, Martinez-Torres F, Lenhard T, Kress B, Kieser M, Klose C, Einh\u00e4upl K, B\u00f6sel J, Mackert MB, Homberg V, Koennecke C, Wei\u00dfheit G, Claus D, Kieseier B, Bardutzky J, Neumann-Haefelin T, Lorenz MW, Steinmetz H, Gerloff C, Schneider D, Grau A, Klein M, Dziewas R, Bogdahn U, Jakob W, Linker R, Fuchs K, Sander A, Luntz S, Hoppe-Tichy T, Hanley DF, von Kummer R, Craemer E (2019) The German trial on Aciclovir and Corticosteroids in Herpes-simplex-virus-Encephalitis (GACHE): a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Neurol Res Pract 1:26","journal-title":"Neurol Res Pract"},{"key":"14128_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","volume":"372","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, Shamseer L, Tetzlaff JM, Akl EA, Brennan SE, Chou R, Glanville J, Grimshaw JM, Hr\u00f3bjartsson A, Lalu MM, Li T, Loder EW, Mayo-Wilson E, McDonald S, McGuinness LA, Stewart LA, Thomas J, Tricco AC, Welch VA, Whiting P, Moher D (2021) The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 372:n71","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"14128_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00105-19","volume":"33","author":"J Piret","year":"2020","unstructured":"Piret J, Boivin G (2020) Immunomodulatory Strategies in Herpes Simplex Virus Encephalitis. Clin Microbiol Rev 33(2):10\u20131128","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"14128_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23689","volume":"72","author":"H Pr\u00fcss","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pr\u00fcss H, Finke C, H\u00f6ltje M, Hofmann J, Klingbeil C, Probst C, Borowski K, Ahnert-Hilger G, Harms L, Schwab JM, Ploner CJ, Komorowski L, Stoecker W, Dalmau J, Wandinger KP (2012) N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antibodies in herpes simplex encephalitis. Ann Neurol 72:902\u2013911","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"14128_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)92623-0","volume":"2","author":"B Sk\u00f6ldenberg","year":"1984","unstructured":"Sk\u00f6ldenberg B, Forsgren M, Alestig K, Bergstr\u00f6m T, Burman L, Dahlqvist E, Forkman A, Fryd\u00e9n A, L\u00f6vgren K, Norlin K et al (1984) Acyclovir versus vidarabine in herpes simplex encephalitis. Randomised multicentre study in consecutive Swedish patients. Lancet 2:707\u2013711","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"14128_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(25)00454-5","volume":"25","author":"T Solomon","year":"2026","unstructured":"Solomon T, Hooper C, Easton A, Rosala-Hallas A, Facer B, Moore P, Keller SS, Whitfield T, Fernandez C, Kneen R, Griffiths MJ, Das K, Moore SC, Davies K, Wheatley D, Stahl JP, Hardwick B, Defres S, Michael BD, Burnside G, Ellul MA (2026) Safety and efficacy of adjunct dexamethasone in adults with herpes simplex virus encephalitis in the UK (DexEnceph): a multicentre, observer-blind, randomised, phase 3, controlled trial. Lancet Neurol 25:136\u2013146","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"14128_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2011.11.014","volume":"64","author":"T Solomon","year":"2012","unstructured":"Solomon T, Michael BD, Smith PE, Sanderson F, Davies NW, Hart IJ, Holland M, Easton A, Buckley C, Kneen R, Beeching NJ (2012) Management of suspected viral encephalitis in adults\u2013Association of British Neurologists and British Infection Association National Guidelines. J Infect 64:347\u2013373","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"14128_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1086\/589747","volume":"47","author":"AR Tunkel","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tunkel AR, Glaser CA, Bloch KC, Sejvar JJ, Marra CM, Roos KL, Hartman BJ, Kaplan SL, Scheld WM, Whitley RJ (2008) The management of encephalitis: clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 47:303\u2013327","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"14128_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198601163140303","volume":"314","author":"RJ Whitley","year":"1986","unstructured":"Whitley RJ, Alford CA, Hirsch MS, Schooley RT, Luby JP, Aoki FY, Hanley D, Nahmias AJ, Soong SJ (1986) Vidarabine versus acyclovir therapy in herpes simplex encephalitis. N Engl J Med 314:144\u2013149","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"14128_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S501628","volume":"18","author":"S Xie","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xie S, Sun W, Lai Z, Liu X (2025) Are glucocorticoids truly effective in improving the clinical prognosis of HSV-1 encephalitis? Infect Drug Resist 18:1287\u20131296","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-026-14128-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00415-026-14128-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-026-14128-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T17:04:52Z","timestamp":1793898292000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00415-026-14128-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["14128"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-026-14128-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-5354","1432-1459"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-5354","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1459","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 July 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 August 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 September 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 September 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflicts of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical approval was not required for this systematic review and meta-analysis because only aggregate data from previously published studies were used.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"567"}}