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Freezing of gait (FOG) is a disabling and poorly understood gait disturbance that may involve altered cognitive-motor control. This study aims to determine whether resting-state electroencephalography burst dynamics provide frequency-specific markers of PD and FOG.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Resting-state EEG was analyzed from 237 participants across three study sites, including 88 healthy controls and 149 individuals with PD assessed in the clinically defined ON-medication state. Participants with PD were also classified as having FOG (PDFOG\u2009+) or not having FOG (PDFOG\u2009\u2212). Analyses were harmonized across sites using 11 common EEG channels. Burst dynamics were quantified in theta, alpha, low-beta, and high-beta bands using amplitude-envelope thresholding. Primary analyses focused on low- and high-beta burst dynamics at mid-frontal lead for healthy controls vs PD comparisons, and theta, low-beta, and high-beta burst dynamics for healthy control, PDFOG\u2212, and PDFOG+ comparisons. FOG severity associations were examined using a study site\u2013standardized FOGQ z-scores.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>People with PD showed altered low-beta burst timing, characterized by more frequent, but shorter low-beta bursts compared with healthy controls. These effects were evident at the mid-frontal region and supported by exploratory topographic maps. In three-group analyses, low-beta burst rate and duration differed across groups, but adjusted PD-only models did not support robust PDFOG+ vs PDFOG\u2212 differences. In contrast, FOG severity was most consistently associated with theta amplitude-related burst metrics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Resting-state EEG burst dynamics reveal dissociable oscillatory signatures in PD. Low-beta burst timing abnormalities reflect general PD-related motor network dysfunction, whereas theta burst amplitude may relate to FOG severity and cognitive-motor network burden.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-026-14149-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T16:42:25Z","timestamp":1790181745000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Frequency-Specific EEG burst dynamics in Parkinson\u2019s Disease and freezing of gait"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"273","author":[{"given":"Matthew","family":"Leedom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md Rezwanul Akter","family":"Pallab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vishal","family":"Bharmauria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Flouty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Stuart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Mancini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4273-542X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arun","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"14149_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20115","volume":"19","author":"BR Bloem","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bloem BR, Hausdorff JM, Visser JE, Giladi N (2004) Falls and freezing of gait in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a review of two interconnected, episodic phenomena. 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