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For CVD prevention, effective screening is needed to identify high-risk individuals. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides a noninvasive, low-cost \u201cquick look\u201d into the brain and has recently shown thinning of certain retinal layers in patients with previous CVD. We explored if OCT-derived retinal layer thicknesses could predict future major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE: stroke\/myocardial infarction\/cardiovascular death).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this retrospective cohort study, data of 51,293 participants from the UK Biobank were analyzed. We used cause-specific hazard models to evaluate the association of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFL) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness with incident MACE, adjusting models for cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) and performed subanalyses for association with incident stroke and myocardial infarction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Median follow-up time was 14.7\u00a0years. Both RNFL thickness (aHR 0.92, 95% CI 0.89\u20130.96, p &lt; 0.001) and GCIPL thickness (aHR 0.96, 95% CI 0.92\u20131.00,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.04) were statistically associated with incident MACE in cause-specific hazard models adjusted for CVRF. Interestingly, RNFL thickness was more strongly associated with incident myocardial infarction (aHR 0.94, 95% CI 0.88\u20130.99,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.02) while GCIPL was more strongly associated with incident stroke (aHR 0.90, 95% CI 0.83\u20130.96,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.003).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RNFL and GCIPL thicknesses are associated with future MACE, even after adjusting for CVRF. OCT-measured retinal layer thickness could contribute to the assessment of cardiovascular risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>Key question<\/jats:bold>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Can measurement of retinal layer thickness by optical coherence tomography (OCT) improve prediction of incident cardiovascular events?<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>Key finding<\/jats:bold>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness are associated with incident major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). They lead to modest improvements in prediction of MACE when both layers were added to a cause-specific hazard model based on age and sex.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>Take-home message<\/jats:bold>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Measures of retinal layer thickness using OCT have the potential to improve cardiovascular risk screening.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-026-14175-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T19:28:44Z","timestamp":1792092524000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Retinal layer thickness as a potential marker for future cardiovascular events - a UK Biobank cohort study using optical coherence tomography"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"273","author":[{"given":"Martin","family":"H\u00e4nsel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Deseoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Herzog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neda","family":"Davoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronika","family":"Kana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f6rn","family":"Menze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beate","family":"Sick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4369-7023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanne","family":"Wegener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"14175_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Roth GA, Mensah GA, Johnson CO, Addolorato G, Ammirati E, Baddour LM, et al. 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