{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T07:53:53Z","timestamp":1791359633198,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-026-14192-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T07:43:48Z","timestamp":1791359028000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["High-frequency vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) evaluation in patients with spontaneous downbeat nystagmus: a case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"273","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6863-1451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T. J.","family":"Odorico","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3017-1327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. L.","family":"De La Fuente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8133-471X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F. G.","family":"Urbina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1774-7728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. K.","family":"Mohamad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9661-5852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6668-1895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. G.","family":"Sorbara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5617-2264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D. A.","family":"Yacovino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"14192_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/med\/9780199969289.001.0001","volume-title":"The neurology of eye movements","author":"RJ Leigh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Leigh RJ, Zee DS (2015) The neurology of eye movements, 5th edn. Oxford University Press, Oxford","edition":"5th edn"},{"key":"14192_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1394859","volume":"15","author":"V Marcelli","year":"2024","unstructured":"Marcelli V, Giannoni B, Volpe G et al (2024) Downbeat nystagmus: a clinical and pathophysiological review. Front Neurol 15:1394859. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2024.1394859","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"14192_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2007.126284","volume":"79","author":"JN Wagner","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wagner JN, Glaser M, Brandt T, Strupp M (2008) Downbeat nystagmus: aetiology and comorbidity in 117 patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 79:672\u2013677. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.2007.126284","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"14192_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00258","volume":"8","author":"GM Halmagyi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Halmagyi GM, Chen L, MacDougall HG, Weber KP, McGarvie LA, Curthoys IS (2017) The video head impulse test. Front Neurol 8:258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2017.00258","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"14192_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh532","volume":"128","author":"C Pierrot-Deseilligny","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pierrot-Deseilligny C, Milea D (2005) Vertical nystagmus: clinical facts and hypotheses. Brain 128:1237\u20131246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awh532","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"14192_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1325.033","volume":"1039","author":"MF Walker","year":"2005","unstructured":"Walker MF, Zee DS (2005) Asymmetry of the pitch vestibulo-ocular reflex in patients with cerebellar disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1039:349\u2013358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1196\/annals.1325.033","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"14192_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000135022.14937.A9","volume":"63","author":"S Glasauer","year":"2004","unstructured":"Glasauer S, von Lindeiner H, Siebold C, B\u00fcttner U (2004) Vertical vestibular responses to head impulses are symmetric in downbeat nystagmus. Neurology 63:621\u2013625. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/01.WNL.0000135022.14937.A9","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"14192_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1326879","volume":"15","author":"S Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang S, Lang Y, Wang W et al (2024) Analysis of etiology and clinical features of spontaneous downbeat nystagmus: a retrospective study. Front Neurol 15:1326879. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2024.1326879","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"14192_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnp.2021.02.008","volume":"6","author":"DA Yacovino","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yacovino DA, Zanotti E, Cherchi M (2021) The spectrum of acute vestibular neuropathy through modern vestibular testing: a descriptive analysis. Clin Neurophysiol Pract 6:137\u2013145. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cnp.2021.02.008","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol Pract"},{"key":"14192_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.3233\/VES-180669","volume":"31","author":"CL Jacobsen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jacobsen CL, Abrahamsen ER, Skals RK, Hougaard DD (2021) Is regression gain or instantaneous gain the most reliable and reproducible gain value when performing video head impulse testing of the lateral semicircular canals? J Vestib Res 31:151\u2013162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/VES-180669","journal-title":"J Vestib Res"},{"key":"14192_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1177\/09574271251323266","volume":"35","author":"M Xu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xu M, Zhang Q, Wu Q et al (2025) The effect of camera side on the VOR gain in video head impulse test. J Vestib Res 35:132\u2013139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/09574271251323266","journal-title":"J Vestib Res"},{"key":"14192_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2011.00053","volume":"2","author":"A Kheradmand","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kheradmand A, Zee DS (2011) Cerebellum and ocular motor control. Front Neurol 2:53. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2011.00053","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"14192_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3417","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00375.2005","volume":"94","author":"MF Walker","year":"2005","unstructured":"Walker MF, Zee DS (2005) Cerebellar disease alters the axis of the high-acceleration vestibuloocular reflex. J Neurophysiol 94:3417\u20133429. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jn.00375.2005","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"14192_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000201466","volume":"100","author":"HJ Kim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim HJ, Kim HJ, Lee JH, Kim JS (2023) Pearls & oy-sters: vibration-induced downbeat nystagmus: a new cerebellar sign observed in paraneoplastic syndrome. Neurology 100:43\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000201466","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"14192_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1995.73.2.632","volume":"73","author":"AM Partsalis","year":"1995","unstructured":"Partsalis AM, Zhang Y, Highstein SM (1995) Dorsal Y group in the squirrel monkey. II. Contribution of the cerebellar flocculus to neuronal responses in normal and adapted animals. J Neurophysiol 73:632\u2013650. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jn.1995.73.2.632","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"14192_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-020-01200-z","volume":"20","author":"C Zeeh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zeeh C, Mayadali \u00dcS, Horn AKE (2021) Histochemical characterization of the vestibular Y-group in monkey. Cerebellum 20:701\u2013716. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12311-020-01200-z","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"key":"14192_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(77)90105-4","volume":"57","author":"RR Gacek","year":"1977","unstructured":"Gacek RR (1977) Location of brain stem neurons projecting to the oculomotor nucleus in the cat. Exp Neurol 57:725\u2013749. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0014-4886(77)90105-4","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"14192_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(85)90653-5","volume":"336","author":"MB Carpenter","year":"1985","unstructured":"Carpenter MB, Cowie RJ (1985) Connections and oculomotor projections of the superior vestibular nucleus and cell group y. Brain Res 336:265\u2013287. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0006-8993(85)90653-5","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"14192_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(74)90850-6","volume":"81","author":"AM Graybiel","year":"1974","unstructured":"Graybiel AM, Hartwieg EA (1974) Some afferent connections of the oculomotor complex in the cat: an experimental study with tracer techniques. Brain Res 81:543\u2013551. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0006-8993(74)90850-6","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"14192_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00235014","volume":"24","author":"M Ito","year":"1976","unstructured":"Ito M, Nisimaru N, Yamamoto M (1976) Pathways for the vestibulo-ocular reflex excitation arising from semicircular canals of rabbits. Exp Brain Res 24:257\u2013271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00235014","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"14192_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00236678","volume":"41","author":"Y Uchino","year":"1980","unstructured":"Uchino Y, Suzuki S, Watanabe S (1980) Vertical semicircular canal inputs to cat extraocular motoneurons. Exp Brain Res 41:45\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00236678","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"14192_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005206","volume":"90","author":"JY Choi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Choi JY, Kim HJ, Kim JS (2018) Recent advances in head impulse test findings in central vestibular disorders. Neurology 90:602\u2013612. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005206","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"14192_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000906","volume":"83","author":"L Chen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chen L, Todd M, Halmagyi GM, Aw S (2014) Head impulse gain and saccade analysis in pontine-cerebellar stroke and vestibular neuritis. Neurology 83:1513\u20131522. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000906","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"14192_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1981.46.4.878","volume":"46","author":"DS Zee","year":"1981","unstructured":"Zee DS, Yamazaki A, Butler PH, G\u00fccer G (1981) Effects of ablation of flocculus and paraflocculus on eye movements in primate. J Neurophysiol 46:878\u2013899. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jn.1981.46.4.878","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"14192_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-015-4458-7","volume":"234","author":"G Mantokoudis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mantokoudis G, Saber Tehrani AS, Xie L, Eibenberger K, Eibenberger B, Roberts D, Newman-Toker DE, Zee DS (2016) The video head impulse test during post-rotatory nystagmus: physiology and clinical implications. Exp Brain Res 234:277\u2013286. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00221-015-4458-7","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"14192_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2012.00162","volume":"3","author":"O Kremmyda","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kremmyda O, Kirchner H, Glasauer S, Brandt T, Jahn K, Strupp M (2012) False-positive head-impulse test in cerebellar ataxia. Front Neurol 3:162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2012.00162","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"14192_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e113","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000001665","volume":"39","author":"ER Abrahamsen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abrahamsen ER, Christensen AE, Hougaard DD (2018) Intra- and interexaminer variability of two separate video head impulse test systems assessing all six semicircular canals. Otol Neurotol 39:e113\u2013e122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MAO.0000000000001665","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-026-14192-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00415-026-14192-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-026-14192-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T07:43:49Z","timestamp":1791359029000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00415-026-14192-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["14192"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-026-14192-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-5354","1432-1459"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-5354","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1459","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 July 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 September 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 September 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 October 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflicts of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The requirement for informed consent was waived by the Research Ethics Committee of Hospital C\u00e9sar Milstein in view of the retrospective nature of the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The manuscript does not contain any individual person\u2019s identifiable data or images.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to publish","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"647"}}