{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T11:22:43Z","timestamp":1791285763517,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,20]],"date-time":"2010-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1266624000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-010-1315-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,19]],"date-time":"2010-02-19T04:39:52Z","timestamp":1266554392000},"page":"915-930","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":209,"title":["A review of clinical trials of anti-VEGF agents for diabetic retinopathy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"248","author":[{"given":"Benjamin P.","family":"Nicholson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew P.","family":"Schachat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"1315_CR1","first-page":"844","volume":"82","author":"S Resnikoff","year":"2004","unstructured":"Resnikoff S, Pascolini D, Etya\u2019ale D, Kocur I, Pararajasegaram R, Pokharel GP, Mariotti SP (2004) Global data on vision impairment in the year 2002. Bull World Health Organ 82:844\u2013851","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"1315_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1080\/09286580701396720","volume":"14","author":"BE Klein","year":"2007","unstructured":"Klein BE (2007) Overview of epidemiologic studies of diabetic retinopathy. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 14:179\u2013183","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"key":"1315_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa054481","volume":"355","author":"PJ Rosenfeld","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rosenfeld PJ, Brown DM, Heier JS, Boyer DS, Kaiser PK, Chung CY, Kim RY, MARINA Study Group (2006) Ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. N Engl J Med 355:1419\u20131431","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1315_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa062655","volume":"355","author":"DM Brown","year":"2006","unstructured":"Brown DM, Kaiser PK, Michels M, Soubrane G, Heier JS, Kim RY, Sy JP, Schneider S, ANCHOR Study Group (2006) Ranibizumab versus verteporfin for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. N Engl J Med 355:1432\u20131444","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1315_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.117.10.1329","volume":"117","author":"Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration With Photodynamic Therapy (TAP) Study Group","year":"1999","unstructured":"Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration With Photodynamic Therapy (TAP) Study Group (1999) Photodynamic therapy of subfoveal choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration with verteporfin: one-year results of 2 randomized clinical trials\u2014TAP report. Arch Ophthalmol 117:1329\u20131345","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1315_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(01)00967-9","volume":"131","author":"Verteporfin In Photodynamic Therapy Study Group","year":"2001","unstructured":"Verteporfin In Photodynamic Therapy Study Group (2001) Verteporfin therapy of subfoveal choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration: two-year results of a randomized clinical trial including lesions with occult with no classic choroidal neovascularization\u2014verteporfin in photodynamic therapy report 2. Am J Ophthalmol 131:541\u2013560","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1315_CR7","unstructured":"Diabetes Statistics. http:\/\/www.diabetes.org\/diabetes-statistics.jsp . Accessed July 20, 2009"},{"key":"1315_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1984.01040030398010","volume":"102","author":"R Klein","year":"1984","unstructured":"Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, Davis MD, DeMets DL (1984) The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy . II. Prevalence and risk of diabetic retinopathy when age at diagnosis is less than 30\u00a0years. Arch Ophthalmol 102:520\u2013526","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1315_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1984.01040030405011","volume":"102","author":"R Klein","year":"1984","unstructured":"Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, Davis MD, DeMets DL (1984) The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy. III. Prevalence and risk of diabetic retinopathy when age at diagnosis is 30 or more years. Arch Ophthalmol 102:527\u2013532","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1315_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(02)01595-7","volume":"134","author":"SK West","year":"2002","unstructured":"West SK, Munoz B, Klein R, Broman AT, Sanchez R, Rodriguez J, Snyder R (2002) Risk factors for Type II diabetes and diabetic retinopathy in a Mexican-American population: Proyecto VER. Am J Ophthalmol 134:390\u2013398","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1315_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1177\/112067210901900114","volume":"19","author":"XW Xie","year":"2009","unstructured":"Xie XW, Xu L, Jonas JB, Wang YX (2009) Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy among subjects with known diabetes in China: the Beijing Eye Study. Eur J Ophthalmol 19:91\u201399","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1315_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199309303291401","volume":"329","author":"The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group","year":"1993","unstructured":"The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group (1993) The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 329:977\u2013986","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1315_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07019-6","volume":"352","author":"UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group","year":"1998","unstructured":"UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group (1998) Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet 352:837\u2013853","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1315_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.122.11.1631","volume":"122","author":"UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group","year":"2004","unstructured":"UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group (2004) Risks of progression of retinopathy and vision loss related to tight blood pressure control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (UKPDS 69). Arch Ophthalmol 122:1631\u20131640","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1315_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1097\/00004397-198702740-00004","volume":"27","author":"The Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group","year":"1987","unstructured":"The Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group (1987) Indications for photocoagulation treatment of diabetic retinopathy: Diabetic Retinopathy Study Report no. 14. Int Ophthalmol Clin 27:239\u2013253","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol Clin"},{"key":"1315_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(91)32085-2","volume":"98","author":"JF Vander","year":"1991","unstructured":"Vander JF, Duker JS, Benson WE, Brown GC, McNamara JA, Rosenstein RB (1991) Long-term stability and visual outcome after favorable initial response of proliferative diabetic retinopathy to panretinal photocoagulation. Ophthalmology 98:1575\u20131579","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"1315_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(96)30608-8","volume":"103","author":"RC Gentile","year":"1996","unstructured":"Gentile RC, Stegman Z, Liebmann JM, Dayan AR, Tello C, Walsh JB, Ritch R (1996) Risk factors for ciliochoroidal effusion after panretinal photocoagulation. Ophthalmology 103:827\u2013832","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"1315_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-198500510-00002","volume":"5","author":"HR McDonald","year":"1985","unstructured":"McDonald HR, Schatz H (1985) Macular edema following panretinal photocoagulation. Retina 5:5\u201310","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"1315_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1080\/08820530902800330","volume":"24","author":"MS Jardeleza","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jardeleza MS, Miller JW (2009) Review of anti-VEGF therapy in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Sem Ophthalmol 24:87\u201392","journal-title":"Sem Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1315_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.06.015","volume":"115","author":"Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network","year":"2008","unstructured":"Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network (2008) Randomized trial comparing intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide and focal\/grid photocoagulation for diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology 115:1447\u20131459","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"1315_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.06.030","volume":"115","author":"AP Schachat","year":"2008","unstructured":"Schachat AP (2008) A new look at an old treatment for diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology 115:1445\u20131446","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"1315_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1796","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1985.01050120030015","volume":"103","author":"Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group","year":"1985","unstructured":"Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group (1985) Photocoagulation for diabetic macular edema. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study report number 1. Arch Ophthalmol 103:1796\u20131806","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1315_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(13)38011-7","volume":"98","author":"Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group","year":"1991","unstructured":"Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group (1991) Early photocoagulation for diabetic retinopathy. ETDRS report number 9. Ophthalmology 98:766\u2013785","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"1315_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2008.05.001","volume":"27","author":"JS Penn","year":"2008","unstructured":"Penn JS, Madan A, Caldwell RB, Bartoli M, Caldwell RW, Hartnett ME (2008) Vascular endothelial growth factor in eye disease. Prog Retin Eye Res 27:331\u2013371","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"1315_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1038\/376062a0","volume":"376","author":"F Shalaby","year":"1995","unstructured":"Shalaby F, Rossant J, Yamaguchi TP, Gertsenstein M, Wu XF, Breitman ML, Schuh AC (1995) Failure of blood-island formation and vasculogenesis in Flk-1-deficient mice. Nature 376:62\u201366","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1315_CR26","first-page":"145","volume":"31","author":"MH Witte","year":"1998","unstructured":"Witte MH, Erickson R, Bernas M, Andrade M, Reiser F, Conlon W, Hoyme HE, Witte CL (1998) Phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity in familial Milroy lymphedema. Lymphology 31:145\u2013155","journal-title":"Lymphology"},{"key":"1315_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1038\/35025215","volume":"407","author":"GD Yancopoulos","year":"2000","unstructured":"Yancopoulos GD, Davis S, Gale NW, Rudge JS, Wiegand SJ, Holash J (2000) Vascular-specific growth factors and blood vessel formation. Nature 407:242\u2013248","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1315_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1993.1671","volume":"193","author":"AP Adamis","year":"1993","unstructured":"Adamis AP, Shima DT, Yeo KT, Yeo TK, Brown LF, Berse B, D\u2019Amore PA, Folkman J (1993) Synthesis and secretion of vascular permeability factor\/vascular endothelial growth factor by human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 193:631\u2013638","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"1315_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4738","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-07-04738.1995","volume":"15","author":"J Stone","year":"1995","unstructured":"Stone J, Itin A, Alon T, Pe\u2019er J, Gnessin H, Chan-Ling T, Keshet E (1995) Development of retinal vasculature is mediated by hypoxia-induced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression by neuroglia. J Neurosci 15:4738\u20134747","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"1315_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3109\/08977199709021522","volume":"14","author":"SG Robbins","year":"1997","unstructured":"Robbins SG, Conaway JR, Ford BL, Roberto KA, Penn JS (1997) Detection of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein in vascular and non-vascular cells of the normal and oxygen-injured rat retina. Growth Factors 14:229\u2013241","journal-title":"Growth Factors"},{"key":"1315_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1995.01100120068012","volume":"113","author":"LP Aiello","year":"1995","unstructured":"Aiello LP, Northrup JM, Keyt BA, Takagi H, Iwamoto MA (1995) Hypoxic regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor in retinal cells. Arch Ophthalmol 113:1538\u20131544","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1315_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1996.01100140179011","volume":"114","author":"GA Lutty","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lutty GA, McLeod DS, Merges C, Diggs A, Plou\u00e9t J (1996) Localization of vascular endothelial growth factor in human retina and choroid. Arch Ophthalmol 114:971\u2013977","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1315_CR33","first-page":"574","volume":"145","author":"RE Gilbert","year":"1998","unstructured":"Gilbert RE, Vranes D, Berka JL, Kelly DJ, Cox A, Wu LL, Stacker SA, Cooper ME (1998) Vascular endothelial growth factor\/vascular permeability factor is temporally and spatially correlated with ocular angiogenesis in a primate model. Am J Pathol 145:574\u2013584","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"1315_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2369","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.108.6.2369","volume":"108","author":"WG Roberts","year":"1995","unstructured":"Roberts WG, Palade GE (1995) Increased microvascular permeability and endothelial fenestration induced by vascular endothelial growth factor. J Cell Sci 108:2369\u20132379","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"1315_CR35","first-page":"2408","volume":"42","author":"T Qaum","year":"2001","unstructured":"Qaum T, Xu Q, Joussen AM, Clemens MW, Qin W, Miyamoto K, Hassessian H, Wiegand SJ, Rudge J, Yancopoulos GD, Adamis AP (2001) VEGF-initiated blood\u2013retinal barrier breakdown in early diabetes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 42:2408\u20132413","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"1315_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199412013312203","volume":"331","author":"LP Aiello","year":"1994","unstructured":"Aiello LP, Avery RL, Arrigg PG, Keyt BA, Jampel HD, Shah ST, Pasquale LR, Thieme H, Iwamoto MA, Park JE, Nguyen HV, Aiello LM, Ferrara N, King GL (1994) Vascular endothelial growth factor in ocular fluid of patients with diabetic retinopathy and other retinal disorders. N Engl J Med 331:1480\u20131487","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1315_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4851","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.10.4851","volume":"93","author":"GS Robinson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Robinson GS, Pierce EA, Rook SL, Foley E, Webb R, Smith LE (1996) Oligodeoxynucleotides inhibit retinal neovascularization in a murine model of proliferative retinopathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93:4851\u20134856","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"1315_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(01)01381-2","volume":"133","author":"MJ Tolentino","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tolentino MJ, McLeod DS, Taomoto M, Otsuji T, Adamis AP, Lutty GA (2002) Pathologic features of vascular endothelial growth factor-induced retinopathy in the nonhuman primate. Am J Ophthalmol 133:373\u2013385","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1315_CR39","first-page":"1808","volume":"40","author":"M Lu","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lu M, Perez VL, Ma N, Miyamoto K, Peng HB, Liao JK, Adamis AP (1999) VEGF increases retinal vascular ICAM-1 expression in vivo. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 40:1808\u20131812","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"1315_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3336","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V87.8.3336.bloodjournal8783336","volume":"87","author":"B Barleon","year":"1996","unstructured":"Barleon B, Sozzani S, Zhou D, Weich HA, Mantovani A, Marm\u00e9 D (1996) Migration of human monocytes in response to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is mediated via the VEGF receptor flt-1. Blood 87:3336\u20133343","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"1315_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10836","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.19.10836","volume":"96","author":"K Miyamoto","year":"1999","unstructured":"Miyamoto K, Khosrof S, Bursell SE, Rohan R, Murata T, Clermont AC, Aiello LP, Ogura Y, Adamis AP (1999) Prevention of leukostasis and vascular leakage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic retinopathy via intercellular adhesion molecule-1 inhibition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96:10836\u201310841","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"1315_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2155","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.02-0807","volume":"44","author":"S Ishida","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ishida S, Usui T, Yamashiro K, Kaji Y, Ahmed E, Carrasquillo KG, Amano S, Hida T, Oguchi Y, Adamis AP (2003) VEGF164 is proinflammatory in the diabetic retina. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 44:2155\u20132162","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"1315_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20022027","volume":"198","author":"S Ishida","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ishida S, Usui T, Yamashiro K, Kaji Y, Amano S, Ogura Y, Hida T, Oguchi Y, Ambati J, Miller JW, Gragoudas ES, Ng YS, D\u2019Amore PA, Shima DT, Adamis AP (2003) VEGF164-mediated inflammation is required for pathological, but not physiological, ischemia-induced retinal neovascularization. J Exp Med 198:483\u2013489","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"1315_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64869-9","volume":"160","author":"AM Joussen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Joussen AM, Poulaki V, Qin W, Kirchhof B, Mitsiades N, Wiegand SJ, Rudge J, Yancopoulos GD, Adamis AP (2002) Retinal vascular endothelial growth factor induces intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression and initiates early diabetic retinal leukocyte adhesion in vivo. Am J Pathol 160:501\u2013509","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"1315_CR45","first-page":"642","volume":"147","author":"DS McLeod","year":"1995","unstructured":"McLeod DS, Lefer DJ, Merges C, Lutty GA (1995) Enhanced expression of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 and P-selectin in the diabetic human retina and choroid. Am J Pathol 147:642\u2013653","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"1315_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1007\/s11626-999-0064-y","volume":"35","author":"C Bell","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bell C, Lynam E, Landfair DJ, Janjic N, Wiles ME (1999) Oligonucleotide NX1838 inhibits VEGF165-mediated cellular responses in vitro. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 35:533\u2013542","journal-title":"In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim"},{"key":"1315_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2805","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa042760","volume":"351","author":"ES Gragoudas","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gragoudas ES, Adamis AP, Cunningham ET Jr, Feinsod M, Guyer DR, VEGF Inhibition Study in Ocular Neovascularization Clinical Trial Group (2004) Pegaptanib for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. N Engl J Med 351:2805\u20132816","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1315_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-007-0660-z","volume":"246","author":"L Wu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wu L, Martinez-Castellanos MA, Quiroz-Mercado H, Arevalo JF, Berrocal MH, Farah ME, Maia M, Roca JA, Rodriguez FJ, for the PanAmerican Collaborative Retina Group (PACORES) (2008) Twelve-month safety of intravitreal injections of bevacizumab (Avastin(R)): Results of the Pan-American Collaborative Retina Study Group (PACORES). Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 246:81\u201387","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1315_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3181633fee","volume":"28","author":"JO Mason 3rd","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mason JO 3rd, White MF, Feist RM, Thomley ML, Albert MA, Persaud TO, Yunker JJ, Vail RS (2008) Incidence of acute onset endophthalmitis following intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) injection. Retina 28:564\u2013567","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"1315_CR50","unstructured":"Barron H (2004) Important drug warning. Available at: http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/medwatch\/SAFETY\/2004\/avastin_deardoc_mod.pdf . Accessed October 2004"},{"key":"1315_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021491","volume":"349","author":"JC Yang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Yang JC, Haworth L, Sherry RM, Hwu P, Schwartzentruber DJ, Topalian SL, Steinberg SM, Chen HX, Rosenberg SA (2003) A randomized trial of bevacizumab, an anti vascular endothelial cell growth factor antibody, for metastatic renal cancer. N Engl J Med 349:427\u2013434","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1315_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2335","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa032691","volume":"350","author":"H Hurwitz","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hurwitz H, Fehrenbacher L, Novotny W, Cartwright T, Hainsworth J, Heim W, Berlin J, Baron A, Griffing S, Holmgren E, Ferrara N, Fyfe G, Rogers B, Ross R, Kabbinavar F (2004) Bevacizumab plus irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 350:2335\u20132342","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1315_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.02.007","volume":"112","author":"S Michels","year":"2005","unstructured":"Michels S, Rosenfeld PJ, Puliafito CA, Marcus EN, Venkatraman AS (2005) Systemic bevacizumab (Avastin) therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: twelve-week results of an uncontrolled open-label clinical study. Ophthalmology 112:1035\u20131047","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"1315_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.05.070","volume":"113","author":"AA Moshfeghi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Moshfeghi AA, Rosenfeld PJ, Puliafito CA, Michels S, Marcus EN, Lenchus JD, Venkatraman AS (2006) Systemic bevacizumab (Avastin) therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: twenty-four-week results of an uncontrolled open-label clinical study. Ophthalmology 113:1\u201312","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"1315_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2009.02.004","volume":"54","author":"JB Gunther","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gunther JB, Altaweel MM (2009) Bevacizumab (Avastin) for the treatment of ocular disease. Surv Ophthalmol 54:372\u2013400","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1315_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.02.027","volume":"113","author":"DJ D\u2019Amico","year":"2006","unstructured":"VEGF Inhibition Study in Ocular Neovascularization (VISION) Clinical Trial Group, D\u2019Amico DJ, Masonson HN, Patel M, Adamis AP, Cunningham ET Jr, Guyer DR, Katz B (2006) Pegaptanib sodium for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: two-year safety results of the two prospective, multicenter, controlled clinical trials. Ophthalmology 113:992\u20131001","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"1315_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2007.132597","volume":"92","author":"LJ Singerman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Singerman LJ, Masonson H, Patel M, Adamis AP, Buggage R, Cunningham E, Goldbaum M, Katz B, Guyer D (2008) Pegaptanib sodium for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: third-year safety results of the VEGF Inhibition Study in Ocular Neovascularisation (VISION) trial. Br J Ophthalmol 92:1606\u20131611","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1315_CR58","unstructured":"Lucentis (Ranibizumab injection) Package Insert, Genentech Corporation"},{"key":"1315_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.06.007","volume":"112","author":"ET Cunningham Jr","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cunningham ET Jr, Adamis AP, Altaweel M, Aiello LP, Bressler NM, D\u2019Amico DJ, Goldbaum M, Guyer DR, Katz B, Patel M, Schwartz SD, Macugen Diabetic Retinopathy Study Group (2005) A phase II randomized double-masked trial of pegaptanib, an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor aptamer, for diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology 112:1747\u20131757","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"1315_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.05.062","volume":"114","author":"Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network","year":"2007","unstructured":"Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network (2007) A phase II randomized clinical trial of intravitreal bevacizumab for diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology 114:1860\u20131867","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"1315_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e31819a2d61","volume":"29","author":"DS Lam","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lam DS, Lai TY, Lee VY, Chan CK, Liu DT, Mohamed S, Li CL (2009) Efficacy of 1.25\u00a0mg versus 2.5\u00a0mg intravitreal bevacizumab for diabetic macular edema: six-month results of a randomized controlled trial. Retina 29:292\u2013299","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"1315_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2008.01254.x","volume":"86","author":"X Fang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fang X, Sakaguchi H, Gomi F, Oshima Y, Sawa M, Tsujikawa M, Ikuno Y, Kamei M, Kusaka S, Tano Y (2008) Efficacy and safety of one intravitreal injection of bevacizumab in diabetic macular oedema. Acta Ophthalmol 86:800\u2013805","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1315_CR63","author":"QD Nguyen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nguyen QD, Shah SM, Heier JS, Do DV, Lim J, Boyer D, Abraham P, Campochiaro PA, READ-2 Study Group (2009) Primary end point (six months) results of the ranibizumab for edema of the mAcula in diabetes (READ-2) study. Ophthalmology. doi: 10.1016\/jophtha.2009.04.023","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"1315_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2006.06.068","volume":"142","author":"QD Nguyen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nguyen QD, Tatlipinar S, Shah SM, Haller JA, Quinlan E, Sung J, Zimmer-Galler I, Do DV, Campochiaro PA (2006) Vascular endothelial growth factor is a critical stimulus for diabetic macular edema. Am J Ophthalmol 142:961\u2013969","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1315_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-007-0688-0","volume":"246","author":"H Ahmadieh","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ahmadieh H, Ramezani A, Shoeibi N, Bijanzadeh B, Tabatabaei A, Azarmina M, Soheilian M, Keshavarzi G, Mohebbi MR (2008) Intravitreal bevacizumab with or without triamcinolone for refractory diabetic macular edema; a placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 246:483\u2013489","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1315_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1177\/112067210801800614","volume":"18","author":"H Faghihi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Faghihi H, Roohipoor R, Mohammadi SF, Hojat-Jalali K, Mirshahi A, Lashay A, Piri N, Faghihi Sh (2008) Intravitreal bevacizumab versus combined bevacizumab\u2013triamcinolone versus macular laser photocoagulation in diabetic macular edema. Eur J Ophthalmol 18:941\u2013948","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1315_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e31815ec261","volume":"27","author":"M Soheilian","year":"2007","unstructured":"Soheilian M, Ramezani A, Bijanzadeh B, Yaseri M, Ahmadieh H, Dehghan MH, Azarmina M, Moradian S, Tabatabaei H, Peyman GA (2007) Intravitreal bevacizumab (avastin) injection alone or combined with triamcinolone versus macular photocoagulation as primary treatment of diabetic macular edema. Retina 27:1187\u20131195","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"1315_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.01.011","volume":"116","author":"M Soheilian","year":"2009","unstructured":"Soheilian M, Ramezani A, Obudi A, Bijanzadeh B, Salehipour M, Yaseri M, Ahmadieh H, Dehghan MH, Azarmina M, Moradian S, Peyman GA (2009) Randomized trial of intravitreal bevacizumab alone or combined with triamcinolone versus macular photocoagulation in diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology 116:1142\u20131150","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"1315_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2008.610","volume":"127","author":"Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network","year":"2009","unstructured":"Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network (2009) Three-year follow-up of a randomized trial comparing focal\/grid photocoagulation and intravitreal triamcinolone for diabetic macular edema. Arch Ophthalmol 127:245\u2013251","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1315_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2007.129122","volume":"92","author":"L Paccola","year":"2008","unstructured":"Paccola L, Costa RA, Folgosa MS, Barbosa JC, Scott IU, Jorge R (2008) Intravitreal triamcinolone versus bevacizumab for treatment of refractory diabetic macular oedema (IBEME study). Br J Ophthalmol 92:76\u201380","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1315_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2007.12.031","volume":"145","author":"M Shimura","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shimura M, Nakazawa T, Yasuda K, Shiono T, Iida T, Sakamoto T, Nishida K (2008) Comparative therapy evaluation of intravitreal bevacizumab and triamcinolone acetonide on persistent diffuse diabetic macular edema. Am J Ophthalmol 145:854\u2013861","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1315_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1097\/01.iae.0000247165.38655.bf","volume":"26","author":"C Haritoglou","year":"2006","unstructured":"Haritoglou C, Kook D, Neubauer A, Wolf A, Priglinger S, Strauss R, Gandorfer A, Ulbig M, Kampik A (2006) Intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) therapy for persistent diffuse diabetic macular edema. Retina 26:999\u20131005","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"1315_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e318176de48","volume":"28","author":"D Kook","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kook D, Wolf A, Kreutzer T, Neubauer A, Strauss R, Ulbig M, Kampik A, Haritoglou C (2008) Long-term effect of intravitreal bevacizumab (avastin) in patients with chronic diffuse diabetic macular edema. Retina 28:1053\u20131060","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"1315_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.36481","volume":"55","author":"A Kumar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kumar A, Sinha S (2007) Intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) treatment of diffuse diabetic macular edema in an Indian population. Indian J Ophthalmol 55:451\u2013455","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1315_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e318186c64e","volume":"29","author":"R Velez-Montoya","year":"2009","unstructured":"Velez-Montoya R, Fromow-Guerra J, Burgos O, Landers MB 3rd, Morales-Cat\u00f3n V, Quiroz-Mercado H (2009) The effect of unilateral intravitreal bevacizumab (avastin), in the treatment of diffuse bilateral diabetic macular edema: a pilot study. Retina 29:20\u201326","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"1315_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1995.01100090070025","volume":"113","author":"Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group","year":"1995","unstructured":"Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group (1995) Focal photocoagulation treatment of diabetic macular edema. Relationship of treatment effect to fluorescein angiographic and other retinal characteristics at baseline: ETDRS report no. 19. Arch Ophthalmol 113:1144\u20131155","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1315_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2009.01.009","volume":"147","author":"M Bonini-Filho","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bonini-Filho M, Costa RA, Calucci D, Jorge R, Melo LA Jr, Scott IU (2009) Intravitreal bevacizumab for diabetic macular edema associated with severe capillary loss: one-year results of a pilot study. Am J Ophthalmol 147:1022\u20131030","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1315_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1177\/112067210801800215","volume":"18","author":"A Mirshahi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mirshahi A, Roohipoor R, Lashay A, Mohammadi SF, Abdoallahi A, Faghihi H (2008) Bevacizumab-augmented retinal laser photocoagulation in proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a randomized double-masked clinical trial. Eur J Ophthalmol 18:263\u2013269","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1315_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2007.127142","volume":"92","author":"JF Arevalo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Arevalo JF, Maia M, Flynn HW Jr, Saravia M, Avery RL, Wu L, Eid Farah M, Pieramici DJ, Berrocal MH, Sanchez JG (2008) Tractional retinal detachment following intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) in patients with severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Br J Ophthalmol 92:213\u2013216","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1315_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-008-0914-4","volume":"246","author":"S Moradian","year":"2008","unstructured":"Moradian S, Ahmadieh H, Malihi M, Soheilian M, Dehghan MH, Azarmina M (2008) Intravitreal bevacizumab in active progressive proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 246:1699\u20131705","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1315_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e31819a5fc2","volume":"29","author":"WB Cho","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cho WB, Oh SB, Moon JW, Kim HC (2009) Panretinal photocoagulation combined with intravitreal bevacizumab in high-risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Retina 29:516\u2013522","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"1315_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.2007.01056.x","volume":"86","author":"M Tonello","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tonello M, Costa RA, Almeida FP, Barbosa JC, Scott IU, Jorge R (2008) Panretinal photocoagulation versus PRP plus intravitreal bevacizumab for high-risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy (IBeHi study). Acta Ophthalmol 86:385\u2013389","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1315_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1097\/01.iae.0000246884.76018.63","volume":"26","author":"R Jorge","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jorge R, Costa RA, Calucci D, Cintra LP, Scott IU (2006) Intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) for persistent new vessels in diabetic retinopathy (IBEPE study). Retina 26:1006\u20131013","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"1315_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.04.028","volume":"146","author":"CM Yang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yang CM, Yeh PT, Yang CH, Chen MS (2008) Bevacizumab pretreatment and long-acting gas infusion on vitreous clear-up after diabetic vitrectomy. Am J Ophthalmol 146:211\u2013217","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1315_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.05.064","volume":"113","author":"RL Avery","year":"2006","unstructured":"Avery RL, Pearlman J, Pieramici DJ, Rabena MD, Castellarin AA, Nasir MA, Giust MJ, Wendel R, Patel A (2006) Intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) in the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Ophthalmology 113:1695\u20131705","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"1315_CR86","author":"H Ahmadieh","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ahmadieh H, Shoeibi N, Entezari M, Monshizadeh R (2009) Intravitreal bevacizumab for prevention of early postvitrectomy hemorrhage in diabetic patients a randomized clinical trial. Ophthalmology. doi: 10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.07.001","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"1315_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-008-0774-y","volume":"246","author":"S Rizzo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rizzo S, Genovesi-Ebert F, Di Bartolo E, Vento A, Miniaci S, Williams G (2008) Injection of intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) as a preoperative adjunct before vitrectomy surgery in the treatment of severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 246:837\u2013842","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1315_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3181a3b7ef","volume":"29","author":"PT Yeh","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yeh PT, Yang CM, Lin YC, Chen MS, Yang CH (2009) Bevacizumab pretreatment in vitrectomy with silicone oil for severe diabetic retinopathy. Retina 29:768\u2013774","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"1315_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2008.151233","volume":"93","author":"D Da R Lucena","year":"2009","unstructured":"Da R Lucena D, Ribeiro JA, Costa RA (2009) Intraoperative bleeding during vitrectomy for diabetic tractional retinal detachment with versus without preoperative intravitreal bevacizumab (IBeTra study). Br J Ophthalmol 93:688\u2013691","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1315_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2008.354","volume":"23","author":"MR Romano","year":"2008","unstructured":"Romano MR, Gibran SK, Marticorena J, Wong D, Heimann H (2008) Can a preoperative bevacizumab injection prevent recurrent postvitrectomy diabetic vitreous haemorrhage? Eye 23:1698\u20131701","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"1315_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2008.09.019","volume":"35","author":"RA Cheema","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cheema RA, Al-Mubarak MM, Amin YM, Cheema MA (2009) Role of combined cataract surgery and intravitreal bevacizumab injection in preventing progression of diabetic retinopathy: prospective randomized study. J Cataract Refract Surg 35:18\u201325","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"1315_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.01.014","volume":"116","author":"Y Takamura","year":"2009","unstructured":"Takamura Y, Kubo E, Akagi Y (2009) Analysis of the effect of intravitreal bevacizumab injection on diabetic macular edema after cataract surgery. Ophthalmology 116:1151\u20131157","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"1315_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e31819c6302","volume":"29","author":"A Lanzagorta-Aresti","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lanzagorta-Aresti A, Palacios-Pozo E, Menezo Rozalen JL, Navea-Tejerina A (2009) Prevention of vision loss after cataract surgery in diabetic macular edema with intravitreal bevacizumab: a pilot study. Retina 29:530\u2013535","journal-title":"Retina"}],"container-title":["Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00417-010-1315-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00417-010-1315-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00417-010-1315-z","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,23]],"date-time":"2021-10-23T04:47:44Z","timestamp":1634964464000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00417-010-1315-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,20]]},"references-count":93,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]}},"alternative-id":["1315"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-010-1315-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0721-832X","1435-702X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0721-832X","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-702X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,20]]}}}