{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,5]],"date-time":"2026-07-05T04:17:06Z","timestamp":1783225026280,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,22]],"date-time":"2014-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1405987200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-014-2733-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,20]],"date-time":"2014-07-20T22:35:55Z","timestamp":1405895755000},"page":"681-689","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A new kind of labyrinth-like capillary is responsible for leakage from human choroidal neovascular endothelium, as investigated by high-resolution electron microscopy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"253","author":[{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Schraermeyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvie","family":"Julien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antje","family":"Biesemeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl Ulrich","family":"Bartz-Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hartwig","family":"Wolburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2733_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(88)90116-X","volume":"105","author":"E Juan de Jr","year":"1988","unstructured":"de Juan E Jr, Machemer R (1988) Vitreous surgery for hemorrhagic and fibrous complications of age-related macular degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol 105:25\u201329","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2733_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)71576-4","volume":"113","author":"HM Lambert","year":"1992","unstructured":"Lambert HM, Capone A Jr, Aaberg TM, Sternberg P Jr, Mandell BA, Lopez PF (1992) Surgical excision of subfoveal neovascular membranes in age-related macular degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol 113:257\u2013262","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2733_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)76888-6","volume":"111","author":"MA Thomas","year":"1991","unstructured":"Thomas MA, Kaplan HJ (1991) Surgical removal of subfoveal neovascularization in the presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol 111:1\u20137","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2733_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2003.09.042","volume":"137","author":"HE Grossniklaus","year":"2004","unstructured":"Grossniklaus HE, Green WR (2004) Choroidal neovascularization. Am J Ophthalmol 137:496\u2013503. doi: 10.1016\/j.ajo.2003.09.042","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2733_CR5","first-page":"745","volume":"116","author":"HE Grossniklaus","year":"1998","unstructured":"Grossniklaus HE, Green WR (1998) Histopathologic and ultrastructural findings of surgically excised choroidal neovascularization. Submacular Surg Trials Res Group Arch Ophthalmol 116:745\u2013749","journal-title":"Submacular Surg Trials Res Group Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2733_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1035142","volume":"211","author":"CW Spraul","year":"1997","unstructured":"Spraul CW, Lang GE, Yoon HS, Grossniklaus HE, Lang GK (1997) Histological characterization and classification of surgically excised choroid neovascular membranes. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 211:324\u2013334. doi: 10.1055\/s-2008-1035142","journal-title":"Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2733_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S10","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(99)00086-7","volume":"44","author":"CW Spraul","year":"1999","unstructured":"Spraul CW, Lang GE, Grossniklaus HE, Lang GK (1999) Histologic and morphometric analysis of the choroid, Bruch\u2019s membrane, and retinal pigment epithelium in postmortem eyes with age-related macular degeneration and histologic examination of surgically excised choroidal neovascular membranes. Surv Ophthalmol 44(Suppl 1):S10\u2013S32","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2733_CR8","first-page":"162","volume":"24","author":"P Gastaud","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gastaud P, Betis F, Hofman P (2001) Ultrastructural features of peripheral choroidal neovascular membranes in age-related macular degeneration. J Fr Ophtalmol 24:162\u2013168","journal-title":"J Fr Ophtalmol"},{"key":"2733_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(02)01936-0","volume":"135","author":"DM Moshfeghi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Moshfeghi DM, Kaiser PK, Grossniklaus HE, Sternberg P Jr, Sears JE, Johnson MW, Ratliff N, Branco A, Blumenkranz MS, Lewis H (2003) Clinicopathologic study after submacular removal of choroidal neovascular membranes treated with verteporfin ocular photodynamic therapy. Am J Ophthalmol 135:343\u2013350","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2733_CR10","first-page":"198","volume":"119","author":"NM Bressler","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bressler NM; Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration with Photodynamic Therapy Study Group (2001) Photodynamic therapy of subfoveal choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration with verteporfin: two-year results of 2 randomized clinical trials\u2014TAP report 2. Arch Ophthalmol 119:198\u2013207","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2733_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-200603000-00016","volume":"26","author":"RL Avery","year":"2006","unstructured":"Avery RL (2006) Regression of retinal and iris neovascularization after intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) treatment. Retina 26:352\u2013354","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"2733_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-200603000-00017","volume":"26","author":"FH Davidorf","year":"2006","unstructured":"Davidorf FH, Mouser JG, Derick RJ (2006) Rapid improvement of rubeosis iridis from a single bevacizumab (Avastin) injection. Retina 26:354\u2013356","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"2733_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-200603000-00004","volume":"26","author":"RF Spaide","year":"2006","unstructured":"Spaide RF, Fisher YL (2006) Intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy complicated by vitreous hemorrhage. Retina 26:275\u2013278","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"2733_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.126.6.782","volume":"126","author":"O Tatar","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tatar O, Yoeruek E, Szurman P, Bartz-Schmidt KU, Tubingen Bevacizumab Study G, Adam A, Shinoda K, Eckardt C, Boeyden V, Claes C, Pertile G, Scharioth GB, Grisanti S (2008) Effect of bevacizumab on inflammation and proliferation in human choroidal neovascularization. Arch Ophthalmol 126:782\u2013790. doi: 10.1001\/archopht.126.6.782","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2733_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1102673","volume":"364","author":"Group CR, Martin DF, Maguire MG, Ying GS, Grunwald JE, Fine SL, Jaffe GJ","year":"2011","unstructured":"Group CR, Martin DF, Maguire MG, Ying GS, Grunwald JE, Fine SL, Jaffe GJ (2011) Ranibizumab and bevacizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. N Engl J Med 364:1897\u20131908. doi: 10.1056\/NEJMoa1102673","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2733_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.120.3.338","volume":"120","author":"MG Krzystolik","year":"2002","unstructured":"Krzystolik MG, Afshari MA, Adamis AP, Gaudreault J, Gragoudas ES, Michaud NA, Li W, Connolly E, O\u2019Neill CA, Miller JW (2002) Prevention of experimental choroidal neovascularization with intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody fragment. Arch Ophthalmol 120:338\u2013346","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2733_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2006.108795","volume":"91","author":"SK Gibran","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gibran SK, Sachdev A, Stappler T, Newsome R, Wong D, Hiscott P (2007) Histological findings of a choroidal neovascular membrane removed at the time of macular translocation in a patient previously treated with intravitreal bevacizumab treatment (Avastin). Br J Ophthalmol 91:602\u2013604. doi: 10.1136\/bjo.2006.108795","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2733_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1109429","volume":"226","author":"C Vidinova","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vidinova C, Vidinov N (2009) The effect of bevacizumab on the ultrastructure of choroidal neovascular membranes in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 226:491\u2013495. doi: 10.1055\/s-0028-1109429","journal-title":"Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd"},{"key":"2733_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1159\/000320080","volume":"47","author":"G Soubrane","year":"2010","unstructured":"Soubrane G (2010) Macular edema of choroidal origin. Dev Ophthalmol 47:168\u2013182. doi: 10.1159\/000320080","journal-title":"Dev Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2733_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schouten JS, La Heij EC, Webers CA, Lundqvist IJ, Hendrikse F (2009) A systematic review on the effect of bevacizumab in exudative age-related macular degeneration. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 247:1\u201311. doi: 10.1007\/s00417-008-0952-y","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-008-0952-y"},{"key":"2733_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2012.01.003","volume":"47","author":"JS Kent","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kent JS, Iordanous Y, Mao A, Powell AM, Kent SS, Sheidow TG (2012) Comparison of outcomes after switching treatment from intravitreal bevacizumab to ranibizumab in neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Can J Ophthalmol 47:159\u2013164. doi: 10.1016\/j.jcjo.2012.01.003","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2733_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00220703","volume":"234","author":"G Trabucchi","year":"1996","unstructured":"Trabucchi G, Brancato R, De Molfetta V, Verdi M, Pece A, Introini U, Avanza P, Modorati G, Airaghi P (1996) Indocyanine green and fluorescein angiography of surgically excised macular choroidal neovascularizations: correlations with histopathologic and ultrastructural findings. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 234:294\u2013299","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2733_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s12348-011-0050-x","volume":"2","author":"SI Pachydaki","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pachydaki SI, Jakobiec FA, Bhat P, Sobrin L, Michaud NA, Seshan SV, D\u2019Amico DJ (2012) Surgical management and ultrastructural study of choroidal neovascularization in punctate inner choroidopathy after bevacizumab. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect 2:29\u201337. doi: 10.1007\/s12348-011-0050-x","journal-title":"J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect"},{"key":"2733_CR24","author":"A Biesemeier","year":"2014","unstructured":"Biesemeier A, Taubitz T, Julien S, Yoeruek E, Schraermeyer U (2014) Choriocapillaris breakdown precedes retinal degeneration in AMD. Neurobiol Aging. doi: 10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2014.05.003","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"2733_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1076\/0271-3683(200008)2121-VFT637","volume":"21","author":"P Hofman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hofman P, Blaauwgeers HG, Tolentino MJ, Adamis AP, Nunes Cardozo BJ, Vrensen GF, Schlingemann RO (2000) VEGF-A induced hyperpermeability of blood\u2013retinal barrier endothelium in vivo is predominantly associated with pinocytotic vesicular transport and not with formation of fenestrations. Curr Eye Res 21:637\u2013645","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"2733_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.140.4.947","volume":"140","author":"S Esser","year":"1998","unstructured":"Esser S, Wolburg K, Wolburg H, Breier G, Kurzchalia T, Risau W (1998) Vascular endothelial growth factor induces endothelial fenestrations in vitro. J Cell Biol 140:947\u2013959","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"2733_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4982","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-3639","volume":"50","author":"DS McLeod","year":"2009","unstructured":"McLeod DS, Grebe R, Bhutto I, Merges C, Baba T, Lutty GA (2009) Relationship between RPE and choriocapillaris in age-related macular degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 50:4982\u20134991. doi: 10.1167\/iovs.09-3639","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"2733_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0707330","volume":"358","author":"V Eremina","year":"2008","unstructured":"Eremina V, Jefferson JA, Kowalewska J, Hochster H, Haas M, Weisstuch J, Richardson C, Kopp JB, Kabir MG, Backx PH, Gerber HP, Ferrara N, Barisoni L, Alpers CE, Quaggin SE (2008) VEGF inhibition and renal thrombotic microangiopathy. N Engl J Med 358:1129\u20131136. doi: 10.1056\/NEJMoa0707330","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2733_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peters S, Heiduschka P, Julien S, Ziemssen F, Fietz H, Bartz-Schmidt KU, Schraermeyer U; Tubingen Bevacizumab Study Group (2007) Ultrastructural findings in the primate eye after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab. Am J Ophthalmol 143:995\u20131002. doi: 10.1016\/j.ajo.2007.03.007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2007.03.007"},{"key":"2733_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-012-2055-z","volume":"250","author":"U Schraermeyer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schraermeyer U, Julien S (2012) Formation of immune complexes and thrombotic microangiopathy after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab in the primate eye. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 250:1303\u20131313. doi: 10.1007\/s00417-012-2055-z","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2733_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schraermeyer U, Julien S (2013) Effects of bevacizumab in retina and choroid after intravitreal injection into monkey eyes. Expert Opin Biol Ther 13(2):157\u2013167. doi: 10.1517\/14712598.2012.748741","DOI":"10.1517\/14712598.2012.748741"},{"key":"2733_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Julien S, Biesemeier A, Taubitz T, Schraermeyer U (2014) Different effects of intravitreally injected ranibizumab and aflibercept on retinal and choroidal tissues of monkey eyes. Br J Ophthalmol 98(6):813\u2013825. doi: 10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2013-304019","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2013-304019"},{"key":"2733_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2012-302308","volume":"97","author":"S Julien","year":"2013","unstructured":"Julien S, Biesemeier A, Schraermeyer U (2013) In vitro induction of protein complexes between bevacizumab, VEGF-A (1) (6) (5) and heparin: explanation for deposits observed on endothelial veins in monkey eyes. Br J Ophthalmol 97:511\u2013517. doi: 10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2012-302308","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00417-014-2733-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00417-014-2733-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00417-014-2733-0","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,28]],"date-time":"2019-05-28T15:40:43Z","timestamp":1559058043000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00417-014-2733-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,22]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]}},"alternative-id":["2733"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-014-2733-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0721-832X","1435-702X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0721-832X","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-702X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,22]]}}}