{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T17:25:19Z","timestamp":1763141119887,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,7]],"date-time":"2018-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1544140800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-018-04205-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,7]],"date-time":"2018-12-07T02:27:54Z","timestamp":1544149674000},"page":"485-493","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Vascular remodeling of choroidal neovascularization in older myopic patients treated with ranibizumab"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"257","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1181-4379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salomon Y.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandrine","family":"Tabary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ala","family":"El Ameen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Mrejen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Quentel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Audrey","family":"Giocanti-Auregan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"4205_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(81)90170-7","volume":"91","author":"ML Hotchkiss","year":"1981","unstructured":"Hotchkiss ML, Fine SL (1981) Pathologic myopia and choroidal neovascularization. Am J Ophthalmol 91:177\u2013183","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4205_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2013.08.010","volume":"157","author":"TY Wong","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wong TY, Ferreira A, Hughes R, Carter G, Mitchell P (2014) Epidemiology and disease burden of pathologic myopia and myopic choroidal neovascularization: an evidence-based systematic review. Am J Ophthalmol 157:9\u201325","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4205_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2012.04.001","volume":"31","author":"K Neelam","year":"2012","unstructured":"Neelam K, Cheung CM, Ohno-Matsui K, Lai TY, Wong TY (2012) Choroidal neovascularization in pathological myopia. Prog Retin Eye Res 31:495\u2013525","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"4205_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001489","volume":"37","author":"Y Ikuno","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ikuno Y (2017) Overview of the complications of high myopia. Retina 37:2347\u20132351","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"4205_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(96)30515-0","volume":"103","author":"SY Cohen","year":"1996","unstructured":"Cohen SY, Laroche A, Leguen Y, Soubrane G, Coscas G (1996) Etiology of choroidal neovascularization in young patients. Ophthalmology 103:1241\u20131244","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"4205_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(03)00461-5","volume":"110","author":"T Yoshida","year":"2003","unstructured":"Yoshida T, Ohno-Matsui K, Yasuzumi K, Kojima A, Shimada N, Futagami S, Tokoro T, Mochizuki M (2003) Myopic choroidal neovascularization: a 10\u00a0year follow-up. Ophthalmology 110:1297\u20131305","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"4205_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.11.021","volume":"155","author":"N Leveziel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Leveziel N, Caillaux V, Bastuji-Garin S, Zmuda M, Souied EH (2013) Angiographic and optical coherence tomography characteristics of recent myopic choroidal neovascularization. Am J Ophthalmol 155:913\u2013919","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4205_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2014.04.025","volume":"158","author":"R Ores","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ores R, Puche N, Querques G, Blanco-Garavito R, Merle B, Coscas G, Oubraham H, Semoun O, Souied EH (2014) Gray hyper-reflective subretinal exudative lesions in exudative age-related macular degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol 158:354\u2013361","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4205_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.06.031","volume":"169","author":"KK Dansingani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dansingani KK, Tan AC, Gilani F, Phasukkijwatana N, Novais E, Querques L, Waheed NK, Duker JS, Querques G, Yannuzzi LA, Sarraf D, Freund KB (2016) Subretinal hyperreflective material imaged with optical coherence tomography angiography. Am J Ophthalmol 169:235\u2013248","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4205_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.07.004","volume":"160","author":"E Bruy\u00e8re","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bruy\u00e8re E, Caillaux V, Cohen SY, Martiano D, Ores R, Puche N, Souied EH (2015) Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography of subretinal hyperreflective exudation in myopic choroidal neovascularization. Am J Ophthalmol 160:749\u2013758","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4205_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(95)31032-9","volume":"102","author":"CA Puliafito","year":"1995","unstructured":"Puliafito CA, Hee MR, Lin CP, Reichel E, Schuman JS, Duker JS, Izatt JA, Swanson EA, Fujimoto JG (1995) Imaging of macular diseases with optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmology 102:217\u2013229","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"4205_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(96)30512-5","volume":"103","author":"MR Hee","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hee MR, Baumal CR, Puliafito CA, Duker JS, Reichel E, Wilkins JR, Coker JG, Schuman JS, Swanson EA, Fujimoto JG (1996) Optical coherence tomography of age-related macular degeneration and choroidal neovascularization. Ophthalmology 103:1260\u20131270","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"4205_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"OCT14","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-19969","volume":"57","author":"PJ Rosenfeld","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rosenfeld PJ (2016) Optical coherence tomography and the development of antiangiogenic therapies in neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 57:OCT14\u2013OCT26","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"4205_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.01.029","volume":"122","author":"TE Carlo de","year":"2015","unstructured":"de Carlo TE, Bonini Filho MA, Chin AT, Adhi M, Ferrara D, Baumal CR, Witkin AJ, Reichel E, Duker JS, Waheed NK (2015) Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography angiography of choroidal neovascularization. Ophthalmology 122:1228\u20131238","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"4205_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2212","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000773","volume":"35","author":"A Ameen El","year":"2015","unstructured":"El Ameen A, Cohen SY, Semoun O, Miere A, Srour M, Quaranta-El Maftouhi M, Oubraham H, Blanco-Garavito R, Querques G, Souied EH (2015) Type 2 neovascularization secondary to age related macular degeneration imaged by optical coherence tomography angiography. Retina 35:2212\u20132218","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"4205_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001456","volume":"37","author":"E Bruy\u00e8re","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bruy\u00e8re E, Miere A, Cohen SY, Martiano D, Sikorav A, Popeanga A, Semoun O, Querques G, Souied EH (2017) Neovascularization secondary to high myopia imaged by optical coherence tomography angiography. Retina 37:2095\u20132101","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"4205_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2016-309162","volume":"101","author":"L Querques","year":"2017","unstructured":"Querques L, Giuffr\u00e8 C, Corvi F, Zucchiatti I, Carnevali A, De Vitis LA, Querques G, Bandello F (2017) Optical coherence tomography angiography of myopic choroidal neovascularisation. Br J Ophthalmol 101:609\u2013615","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4205_CR18","unstructured":"Miere A, Butori P, Cohen SY, Semoun O, Capuano V, Jung C, Souied EH (2017) Vascular remodeling of choroidal neovascularization after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy visualized on optical coherence tomography angiography. Retina Nov 23"},{"key":"4205_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000766","volume":"35","author":"GJ Coscas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Coscas GJ, Lupidi M, Coscas F, Cagini C, Souied EH (2015) Optical coherence tomography angiography versus traditional multimodal imaging in assessing the activity of exudative age-related macular degeneration: a new diagnostic challenge. Retina 35:2219\u20132228","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"4205_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2265","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001102","volume":"36","author":"MC Liang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liang MC, de Carlo TE, Baumal CR, Reichel E, Waheed NK, Duker JS, Witkin AJ (2016) Correlation of spectral domain optical coherence tomography angiography and clinical activity in neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Retina 36:2265\u20132273","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"4205_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cheng Y, Li Y, Huang X, Qu Y.(2017) Application of optical coherence tomography angiography to assess anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy in myopic choroidal neovascularization. Retina Dec 18. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002005","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002005"},{"key":"4205_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.10.023","volume":"121","author":"S Wolf","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wolf S, Balciuniene VJ, Laganovska G, Menchini U, Ohno-Matsui K, Sharma T, Wong TY, Silva R, Pilz S, Gekkieva M, RADIANCE Study Group (2014) RADIANCE: a randomized controlled study of ranibizumab in patients with choroidal neovascularization secondary to pathologic myopia. Ophthalmology 121:682\u2013692","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"4205_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.01.022","volume":"159","author":"K Ohno-Matsui","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ohno-Matsui K, Kawasaki R, Jonas JB, Ohno-Matsui K, Kawasaki R, Jonas JB, Cheung CM, Saw SM, Verhoeven VJ, Klaver CC, Moriyama M, Shinohara K, Kawasaki Y, Yamazaki M, Meuer S, Ishibashi T, Yasuda M, Yamashita H, Sugano A, Wang JJ, Mitchell P, Wong TY, META-analysis for Pathologic Myopia (META-PM) Study Group (2015) International photographic classification and grading system for myopic maculopathy. Am J Ophthalmol 159:877\u2013883","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4205_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.01.025","volume":"122","author":"Y Ikuno","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ikuno Y, Ohno-Matsui K, Wong TY, Korobelnik JF, Vitti R, Li T, Stemper B, Asmus F, Zeitz O, Ishibashi T, Investigators MYRROR (2015) Intravitreal aflibercept injection in patients with myopic choroidal neovascularization: the MYRROR study. Ophthalmology 122:1220\u20131227","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"4205_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S135174","volume":"11","author":"D Karagiannis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Karagiannis D, Kontadakis GA, Kaprinis K, Giarmoukakis A, Georgalas I, Parikakis EA, Tsilimbaris MK (2017) Treatment of myopic choroidal neovascularization with intravitreal ranibizumab injections: the role of age. Clin Ophthalmol 11:1197\u20131201","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4205_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(01)01007-7","volume":"109","author":"T Yoshida","year":"2002","unstructured":"Yoshida T, Ohno-Matsui K, Ohtake Y, Takashima T, Futagami S, Baba T, Yasuzumi K, Tokoro T, Mochizuki M (2002) Long-term visual prognosis of choroidal neovascularization in high myopia: a comparison between age groups. Ophthalmology 109:712\u2013719","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"4205_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-014-0363-z","volume":"59","author":"SY Cohen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cohen SY, Nghiem-Buffet S, Grenet T, Dubois L, Ayrault S, Fajnkuchen F, Delahaye-Mazza C, Quentel G, Tadayoni R (2015) Long-term variable outcome of myopic choroidal neovascularization treated with ranibizumab. Jpn J Ophthalmol 59:36\u201342","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4205_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2013.08.002","volume":"156","author":"HS Yang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yang HS, Kim JG, Kim JT, Joe SG (2013) Prognostic factors of eyes with na\u00efve subfoveal myopic choroidal neovascularization after intravitreal bevacizumab. Am J Ophthalmol 156:1201\u20131210","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4205_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2012.97","volume":"26","author":"TY Lai","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lai TY, Luk FO, Lee GK, Lam DS (2012) Long-term outcome of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy with bevacizumab or ranibizumab as primary treatment for subfoveal myopic choroidal neovascularization. Eye (Lond) 26:1004\u20131011","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"4205_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2450","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000632","volume":"35","author":"JM Ruiz-Moreno","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ruiz-Moreno JM, Montero JA, Araiz J, Arias L, Garc\u00eda-Layana A, Carneiro A, Figueroa MS, Silva R (2015) Intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor therapy for choroidal neovascularization secondary to pathologic myopia: six years outcome. Retina 35:2450\u20132456","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"4205_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-012-2022-8","volume":"251","author":"A Oishi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Oishi A, Yamashiro K, Tsujikawa A, Ooto S, Tamura H, Nakata I, Miyake M, Yoshimura N (2013) Long-term effect of intravitreal injection of anti VEGF agent for visual acuity and chorioretinal atrophy progression in myopic choroidal neovascularization. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 251:1\u20137","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4205_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2014.0160","volume":"31","author":"M Gharbiya","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gharbiya M, Cruciani F, Mariotti C, Grandinetti F, Marenco M, Cacace V (2015) Choroidal thickness changes after intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor therapy for age-related macular degeneration: ranibizumab versus aflibercept. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 31:357\u2013362","journal-title":"J Ocul Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"4205_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1634","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2015-308074","volume":"100","author":"JH Kim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim JH, Lee TG, Chang YS, Kim CG, Cho SW (2016) Short-term choroidal thickness changes in patients treated with either ranibizumab or aflibercept: a comparative study. Br J Ophthalmol 100:1634\u20131639","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4205_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfo.2013.12.003","volume":"37","author":"N Leveziela","year":"2014","unstructured":"Leveziela N, Quaranta-El Maftouhib M, Lalloumc F, Souied \u00c9, Cohen SY, F\u00e9d\u00e9ration France Macula (2014) Treatment of myopic choroidal neovascularization: recommendations of the F\u00e9d\u00e9ration France Macula. J Fr Ophtalmol 37:320\u2013328","journal-title":"J Fr Ophtalmol"},{"key":"4205_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001695","volume":"37","author":"SY Cohen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cohen SY, Mrejen S (2017) Imaging of exudative age-related macular degeneration: toward a shift in the diagnostic paradigm? Retina 37:1625\u20131626","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"4205_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.03.009","volume":"165","author":"M Miyata","year":"2016","unstructured":"Miyata M, Ooto S, Hata M, Yamashiro K, Tamura H, Akagi-Kurashige Y, Nakanishi H, Ueda-Arakawa N, Takahashi A, Kuroda Y, Wakazono T, Yoshikawa M, Yoshimura N (2016) Detection of myopic choroidal neovascularization using optical coherence tomography angiography. Am J Ophthalmol 165:108\u2013114","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"4205_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S118","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001328","volume":"36","author":"SB Ploner","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ploner SB, Moult EM, Choi W, Waheed NK, Lee B, Novais EA, Cole ED, Potsaid B, Husvogt L, Schottenhamml J, Maier A, Rosenfeld PJ, Duker JS, Hornegger J, Fujimoto JG (2016) Toward quantitative optical coherence tomography angiography: visualizing blood flow speeds in ocular pathology using variable interscan time analysis. Retina 36(Suppl 1):S118\u2013S126","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"4205_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.01.034","volume":"121","author":"Y Jia","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jia Y, Bailey ST, Wilson DJ, Tan O, Klein ML, Flaxel CJ, Potsaid B, Liu JJ, Lu CD, Kraus MF, Fujimoto JG, Huang D (2014) Quantitative optical coherence tomography angiography of choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology 121:1435\u20131444","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"4205_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000003264","volume":"95","author":"B Liu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liu B, Bao L, Zhang J (2016) Optical coherence tomography angiography of pathological myopia sourced and idiopathic choroidal neovascularization with follow-up. Medicine (Baltimore) 95:e3264","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"}],"container-title":["Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00417-018-04205-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00417-018-04205-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00417-018-04205-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,6]],"date-time":"2019-12-06T19:11:42Z","timestamp":1575659502000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00417-018-04205-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,7]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]}},"alternative-id":["4205"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-018-04205-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0721-832X","1435-702X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0721-832X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1435-702X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 June 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 October 2018","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 November 2018","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 December 2018","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"Salomon Y. Cohen is a consultant for Allergan, Bayer, Novartis, Roche, Thea, and Tilak. Sandrine Tabary is a consultant for Bayer. Ala El Amen declares that he has no conflict of interest. Sarah Mrejen is a consultant for Allergan, Bayer, and Novartis. Gabriel Quentel is a consultant for Novartis. Audrey Giocanti-Auregan is a consultant for Allergan, Bayer, Novartis, and Optos Plc.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Agreement to perform the study was given by the Ethical Committee of the Federation France Macula.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}