{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T13:13:22Z","timestamp":1780492402545,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,7]],"date-time":"2019-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546819200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness (IAPB), Italian section","award":["not applicable"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["not applicable"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-018-04230-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,8]],"date-time":"2019-01-08T17:39:36Z","timestamp":1546969176000},"page":"899-903","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Increased soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) levels in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a role for inflammation in the pathogenesis of the disease?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"257","author":[{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Scotti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Milani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Setaccioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Maestroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolai","family":"Sidenius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"De Lorenzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amedeo","family":"Massacesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fulvio","family":"Bergamini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6181-089X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianpaolo","family":"Zerbini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"4230_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1080\/10408363.2016.1269310","volume":"54","author":"S Desmedt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Desmedt S, Desmedt V, Delanghe JR, Speeckaert R, Speeckaert MM (2017) The intriguing role of soluble urokinase receptor in inflammatory diseases. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 54(2):117\u2013133. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10408363.2016.1269310","journal-title":"Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"4230_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.03.023","volume":"31","author":"GW Hodges","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hodges GW, Bang CN, Wachtell K, Eugen-Olsen J, Jeppesen JL (2015) suPAR: a new biomarker for cardiovascular disease? Can J Cardiol 31(10):1293\u20131302. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.03.023","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"4230_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2068691","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2068691","volume":"2016","author":"A Kronbichler","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kronbichler A, Saleem MA, Meijers B, Shin JI (2016) Soluble urokinase receptors in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: a review on the scientific point of view. J Immunol Res 2016:2068691. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/2068691","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"4230_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.1998.tb01777.x","volume":"25","author":"W Xue","year":"1998","unstructured":"Xue W, Hashimoto K, Toi Y (1998) Functional involvement of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor in pemphigus acantholysis. J Cutan Pathol 25(9):469\u2013474","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4230_CR5","first-page":"485","volume":"17","author":"M Rosso Del","year":"1999","unstructured":"Del Rosso M, Fibbi G, Matucci Cerinic M (1999) The urokinase-type plasminogen activator system and inflammatory joint diseases. Clin Exp Rheumatol 17(4):485\u2013498","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4230_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2012-0221","volume":"51","author":"G Toldi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Toldi G, Bek\u0151 G, K\u00e1d\u00e1r G, M\u00e1csai E, Kov\u00e1cs L, V\u00e1s\u00e1rhelyi B, Balog A (2013) Soluble urokinase soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) in the assessment of inflammatory activity of rheumatoid arthritis patients in remission. Clin Chem Lab Med 51(2):327\u2013332. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/cclm-2012-0221","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"4230_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.889887","volume":"20","author":"M Nita","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nita M, Strza\u0142ka-Mrozik B, Grzybowski A, Mazurek U, Romaniuk W (2014) Age-related macular degeneration and changes in the extracellular matrix. Med Sci Monit 20:1003\u20131016. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12659\/MSM.889887","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"issue":"5","key":"4230_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4835(03)00028-9","volume":"76","author":"SG Elner","year":"2003","unstructured":"Elner SG, Elner VM, Kindzelskii AL, Horino K, Davis HR, Todd RF 3rd, Glagov S, Petty HR (2003) Human RPE cell lysis of extracellular matrix: functional urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), collagenase and elastase. Exp Eye Res 76(5):585\u2013595","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"4230_CR9","first-page":"2520","volume":"31","author":"JP Alexander","year":"1990","unstructured":"Alexander JP, Bradley JMB, Gabourel JD, Acott TS (1990) Expression of matrix metalloproteinases and inhibitor by human retinal pigment epithelium. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 31(12):2520\u20132528","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"4230_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2014-305702","volume":"98","author":"U Schmidt-Erfurth","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schmidt-Erfurth U, Chong V, Loewenstein A, Larsen M, Souied E, Schlingemann R, Eldem B, Mon\u00e9s J, Richard G, Bandello F, European Society of Retina Specialists (2014) Guidelines for the management of neovascular age-related macular degeneration by the European Society of Retina Specialists (EURETINA). Br J Ophthalmol 98(9):1144\u20131167. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2014-305702","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4230_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S115121","volume":"10","author":"S Yang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yang S, Zhao J, Sun X (2016) Resistance to anti-VEGF therapy in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a comprehensive review. Drug Des Devel Ther 10:1857\u20131867. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/DDDT.S97653","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Ther"},{"issue":"8","key":"4230_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7812","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.23241","volume":"9","author":"R Cascella","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cascella R, Strafella C, Longo G, Ragazzo M, Manzo L, De Felici C, Errichiello V, Caputo V, Viola F, Eandi CM, Staurenghi G, Cusumano A, Mauriello S, Marsella LT, Ciccacci C, Borgiani P, Sangiuolo F, Novelli G, Ricci F, Giardina E (2017) Uncovering genetic and non-genetic biomarkers specific for exudative age-related macular degeneration: significant association of twelve variants. Oncotarget 9(8):7812\u20137821. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18632\/oncotarget.23241","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"3","key":"4230_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2010.08.007","volume":"56","author":"T Hong","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hong T, Tan AG, Mitchell P, Wang JJ (2011) A review and meta-analysis of the association between C-reactive protein and age-related macular degeneration. Surv Ophthalmol 56(3):184\u2013194. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.survophthal.2010.08.007","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4230_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.6.704","volume":"291","author":"JM Seddon","year":"2004","unstructured":"Seddon JM, Gensler G, Milton RC, Klein ML, Rifai N (2004) Association between C-reactive protein and age-related macular degeneration. JAMA 291(6):704\u2013710. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.291.6.704","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"9","key":"4230_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2010.199216","volume":"95","author":"IA Bhutto","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bhutto IA, Baba T, Merges C, Juriasinghani V, McLeod DS, Lutty GA (2011) C-reactive protein and complement factor H in aged human eyes and eyes with age-related macular degeneration. Br J Ophthalmol 95(9):1323\u20131330. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjo.2010.199216","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4230_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-0631-0_2","volume":"723","author":"A Iannaccone","year":"2012","unstructured":"Iannaccone A, Neeli I, Krishnamurthy P, Lenchik NI, Wan H, Gerling IC, Desiderio DM, Radic MZ (2012) Autoimmune biomarkers in age-related macular degeneration: a possible role player in diseasedevelopment and progression. Adv Exp Med Biol 723:11\u201316. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4614-0631-0_2","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"issue":"13","key":"4230_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7766","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-17035","volume":"56","author":"CC Paun","year":"2015","unstructured":"Paun CC, Ersoy L, Schick T, Groenewoud JM, Lechanteur YT, Fauser S, Hoyng CB, de Jong EK, denHollander AI (2015) Genetic variants and systemic complement activation levels are associated with serum lipoprotein levels in age-related macular degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 56(13):7766\u20137773. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.15-17035","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"4230_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2016.04.003","volume":"54","author":"NG Lambert","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lambert NG, El Shelmani H, Singh MK, Mansergh FC, Wride MA, Padilla M, Keegan D, Hogg RE, Ambati BK (2016) Risk factors and biomarkers of age-related macular degeneration. Prog Retin Eye Res 54:64\u2013102. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2016.04.003","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"4230_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3232848","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/3232848","volume":"2017","author":"RR Dande","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dande RR, Peev V, Altintas MM, Reiser J (2017) Soluble urokinase receptor and the kidney response in diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Res 2017:3232848. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2017\/3232848","journal-title":"J Diabetes Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"4230_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/43.10.1868","volume":"43","author":"RW Stephens","year":"1997","unstructured":"Stephens RW, Pedersen AN, Nielsen HJ, Hamers MJ, H\u00f8yer-Hansen G, R\u00f8nne E, Dybkjaer E, Dan\u00f8 K, Br\u00fcnner N (1997) ELISA determination of soluble urokinase receptor in blood from healthy donors and cancer patients. Clin Chem 43(10):1868\u20131876","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"9","key":"4230_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-016-2147-8","volume":"73","author":"A Kauppinen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kauppinen A, Paterno JJ, Blasiak J, Salminen A, Kaarniranta K (2016) Inflammation and its role in age-related macular degeneration. Cell Mol Life Sci 73(9):1765\u20131786. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00018-016-2147-8","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"4230_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-3209-8_30","volume":"801","author":"E Ozaki","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ozaki E, Campbell M, Kiang AS, Humphries M, Doyle SL, Humphries P (2014) Inflammation in age-related macular degeneration. Adv Exp Med Biol 801:229\u2013235. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4614-3209-8_30","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"issue":"9","key":"4230_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.2174\/156652410793937813","volume":"10","author":"JR Sparrow","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sparrow JR, Hicks D, Hamel CP (2010) The retinal pigment epithelium in health and disease. Curr Mol Med 10(9):802\u2013823","journal-title":"Curr Mol Med"},{"key":"4230_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-3209-8_25","volume":"801","author":"CC Chan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chan CC, Ardeljan D (2014) Molecular pathology of macrophages and interleukin-17 in age-related macular degeneration. Adv Exp Med Biol 801:193\u2013198. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4614-3209-8_25","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"4230_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-9-1","volume":"9","author":"B Liu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Liu B, Wei L, Meyerle C, Tuo J, Sen HN, Li Z, Chakrabarty S, Agron E, Chan CC, Klein ML, Chew E, Ferris F, Nussenblatt RB (2011) Complement component C5a promotes expression of IL-22 and IL-17 from human T cells and its implication in age-related macular degeneration. J Transl Med 9:1\u201312. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1479-5876-9-111","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"4230_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.201541681","volume":"17","author":"V Lorenzi De","year":"2016","unstructured":"De Lorenzi V, Sarra Ferraris GM, Madsen JB, Lupia M, Andreasen PA, Sidenius N (2016) Urokinase links plasminogen activation and cell adhesion by cleavage of the RGD motif in vitronectin. EMBO Rep 17(7):982\u2013998. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15252\/embr.201541681","journal-title":"EMBO Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"4230_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02150948","volume":"223","author":"PL Penfold","year":"1985","unstructured":"Penfold PL, Killingsworth MC, Sarks SH (1985) Senile macular degeneration: the involvement of immunocompetent cells. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 223(2):69\u201376","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4230_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ding X, Patel M, Chan CC (2009) Molecular pathology of age-related macular degeneration. Prog Retin Eye Res 28(1):1\u201318. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2008.10.001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2008.10.001"},{"issue":"3","key":"4230_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2010.02252.x","volume":"268","author":"J Eugen-Olsen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Eugen-Olsen J, Andersen O, Linneberg A, Ladelund S, Hansen TW, Langkilde A, Petersen J, Pielak T, M\u00f8ller LN, Jeppesen J, Lyngbaek S, Fenger M, Olsen MH, Hildebrandt PR, Borch-Johnsen K, J\u00f8rgensen T, Haugaard SB (2010) Circulating soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor predicts cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and mortality in the general population. J Intern Med 268(3):296\u2013308. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2010.02252.x","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"4230_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001475","volume":"37","author":"KW Small","year":"2017","unstructured":"Small KW, Garabetian CA, Shaya FS (2017) Macular degeneration and aspirin use. Retina 37(9):1630\u20131635. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001475","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"4230_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2018.01.012","volume":"188","author":"BS Modjtahedi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Modjtahedi BS, Fong DS, Jorgenson E, Van Den Eeden SK, Quinn V, Slezak JM (2018) The relationship between nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and age-related macular degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol 188:111\u2013122. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2018.01.012","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4230_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Avan A, Tavakoly Sany SB, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Rahimi HR, Tajfard M, Ferns G (2018) Serum C-reactive protein in the prediction of cardiovascular diseases: overview of the latest clinical studies and public health practice. J Cell Physiol. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcp.26791","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26791"},{"issue":"3","key":"4230_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001741","volume":"38","author":"X Xin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xin X, Sun Y, Li S, Xu H, Zhang D (2018) Age-related macular degeneration and the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Retina 38(3):497\u2013507. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001741","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"5","key":"4230_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joa.2017.05.003","volume":"33","author":"N Ichihara","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ichihara N, Miyamura M, Maeda D, Fujisaka T, Fujita SI, Morita H, Takeda Y, Ito T, Sohmiya K, Hoshiga M, Ishizaka N (2017) Association between serum soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor and atrial fibrillation. J Arrhythm 33(5):469\u2013474. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joa.2017.05.003","journal-title":"J Arrhythm"}],"container-title":["Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00417-018-04230-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00417-018-04230-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00417-018-04230-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,3]],"date-time":"2020-02-03T09:24:55Z","timestamp":1580721895000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00417-018-04230-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,7]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]}},"alternative-id":["4230"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-018-04230-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0721-832X","1435-702X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0721-832X","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-702X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 September 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 December 2018","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 December 2018","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 January 2019","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}