{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:48:43Z","timestamp":1787755723191,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,6]],"date-time":"2018-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522972800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81470647"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81470647"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-018-3971-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,19]],"date-time":"2018-04-19T11:32:49Z","timestamp":1524137569000},"page":"1059-1065","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Venous beading in two or more quadrants might not be a sensitive grading criterion for severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"256","author":[{"given":"Ling","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiongze","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3319-4051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feng","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"3971_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1909","volume":"35","author":"JWY Yau","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yau JWY, Rogers SL, Kawasaki R et al (2012) Global prevalence and major risk factors of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Care 35(3):556\u2013564","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"12","key":"3971_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0908292","volume":"362","author":"WY Yang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yang WY, Lu JM, Weng JP et al (2010) Prevalence of diabetes among men and women in China. N Engl J Med 362(12):1090\u20131101","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"3971_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2016.53","volume":"12","author":"R Unnikrishnan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Unnikrishnan R, Anjana RM, Mohan V (2016) Diabetes mellitus and its complications in India. Nat Rev Endocrinol 12(6):357\u2013370","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3971_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-zb05","volume":"31","author":"ZT Bloomgarden","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bloomgarden ZT (2008) Diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Care 31(5):1080\u20131083","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"3971_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2011.05.035","volume":"153","author":"AV Chappelow","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chappelow AV, Tan K, Waheed NK, Kaiser PK (2012) Panretinal photocoagulation for proliferative diabetic retinopathy: pattern scan laser versus argon laser. Am J Ophthalmol 153(1):137\u2013142","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3971_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-1990","volume":"37","author":"N Cheung","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cheung N, Wong IY, Wong TY (2014) Ocular anti-VEGF therapy for diabetic retinopathy: overview of clinical efficacy and evolving applications. Diabetes Care 37(4):900\u2013905","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"9","key":"3971_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2663","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-0130","volume":"36","author":"AS Forster","year":"2013","unstructured":"Forster AS, Forbes A, Dodhia H et al (2013) Changes in detection of retinopathy in type 2 diabetes in the first 4 years of a population-based diabetic eye screening program: retrospective cohort study. Diabetes Care 36(9):2663\u20132669","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"5 Suppl","key":"3971_CR8","first-page":"786","volume":"98","author":"Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group","year":"1991","unstructured":"Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group (1991) Grading diabetic retinopathy from stereoscopic color fundus photographs\u2014an extension of the modified Airlie House classification. ETDRS report number 10. Ophthalmology 98(5 Suppl):786\u2013806","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"5 Suppl","key":"3971_CR9","first-page":"766","volume":"98","author":"Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group","year":"1991","unstructured":"Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group (1991) Early photocoagulation for diabetic retinopathy. ETDRS report number 9. Ophthalmology 98(5 Suppl):766\u2013785","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"9","key":"3971_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(03)00475-5","volume":"110","author":"CP Wilkinson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wilkinson CP, Ferris FL 3rd, Klein RE et al (2003) Proposed international clinical diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema disease severity scales. Ophthalmology 110(9):1677\u20131682","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"3971_CR11","unstructured":"American Academy of Ophthalmology Retina\/Vitreous Panel (2016) Preferred practice pattern guidelines. Diabetic retinopathy, San Francisco, CA(American Academy of Ophthalmology):Available at: \n                    http:\/\/www.aao.org\/ppp\n                    \n                  . Accessed 20 Sep 2014"},{"issue":"4","key":"3971_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-1657","volume":"31","author":"RP Stolk","year":"2008","unstructured":"Stolk RP, van Schooneveld MJ, Cruickshank JK et al (2008) Retinal vascular lesions in patients of Caucasian and Asian origin with type 2 diabetes: baseline results from the ADVANCE Retinal Measurements (AdRem) study. Diabetes Care 31(4):708\u2013713","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"5 Suppl","key":"3971_CR13","first-page":"807","volume":"98","author":"Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group","year":"1991","unstructured":"Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group (1991) Classification of diabetic retinopathy from fluorescein angiograms. ETDRS report number 11. Ophthalmology 98(5 Suppl):807\u2013822","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"4","key":"3971_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.12711","volume":"44","author":"ED Cole","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cole ED, Novais EA, Louzada RN, Waheed NK (2016) Contemporary retinal imaging techniques in diabetic retinopathy: a review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 44(4):289\u2013299","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"10","key":"3971_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(93)31449-1","volume":"100","author":"VS Lee","year":"1993","unstructured":"Lee VS, Kingsley RM, Lee ET et al (1993) The diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy. Ophthalmoscopy versus fundus photography. Ophthalmology 100(10):1504\u20131512","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"5","key":"3971_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.01.027","volume":"159","author":"SN Patel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Patel SN, Klufas MA, Ryan MC et al (2015) Color fundus photography versus fluorescein angiography in identification of the macular center and zone in retinopathy of prematurity. Am J Ophthalmol 159(5):950\u20137e2","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3971_CR17","first-page":"136","volume":"37","author":"Y Sato","year":"1993","unstructured":"Sato Y, Kamata A, Matsui M (1993) Clinical study of venous abnormalities in diabetic retinopathy. Jpn J Ophthalmol 37(2):136\u2013142","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3971_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-199717040-00008","volume":"17","author":"PD Imesch","year":"1997","unstructured":"Imesch PD, Bindley CD, Wallow IH (1997) Clinicopathologic correlation of intraretinal microvascular abnormalities. Retina 17(4):321\u2013329","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"3971_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.05.020","volume":"180","author":"CS Lee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lee CS, Lee AY, Baughman D et al (2017) The United Kingdom Diabetic Retinopathy Electronic Medical Record Users Group: Report 3: Baseline Retinopathy and Clinical Features Predict Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol 180:64\u201371","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3971_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-4182(02)80062-X","volume":"37","author":"RA Fonseca","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fonseca RA, Dantas MA (2002) Retinal venous beading associated with recurrent branch vein occlusion. Can J Ophthalmol 37(3):182\u2013183","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3971_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)71087-6","volume":"123","author":"BJ Keyser","year":"1997","unstructured":"Keyser BJ, Ferguson JB 3rd (1997) Retinal venous beading with recurrent preretinal hemorrhage. Am J Ophthalmol 123(5):696\u2013698","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"26","key":"3971_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3218","DOI":"10.2174\/09298673113209990022","volume":"20","author":"E Beltramo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Beltramo E, Porta M (2013) Pericyte loss in diabetic retinopathy: mechanisms and consequences. Curr Med Chem 20(26):3218\u20133225","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"issue":"6","key":"3971_CR23","first-page":"589","volume":"22","author":"N Wat","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wat N, Wong RLM, Wong IYH (2016) Associations between diabetic retinopathy and systemic risk factors. Hong Kong Med J 22(6):589\u2013599","journal-title":"Hong Kong Med J"},{"issue":"2","key":"3971_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.3109\/09286586.2015.1119287","volume":"23","author":"A Penman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Penman A, Hancock H, Papavasileiou E et al (2016) Risk factors for proliferative diabetic retinopathy in African Americans with type 2 diabetes. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 23(2):88\u201393","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"key":"3971_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38113","DOI":"10.1038\/srep38113","volume":"6","author":"W Zou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zou W, Ni L, Lu Q et al (2016) Diabetes onset at 31\u201345 years of age is associated with an increased risk of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes. Sci Rep 6:38113","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"3971_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.12745","volume":"44","author":"S Lin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lin S, Ramulu P, Lamoureux EL, Sabanayagam C (2016) Addressing risk factors, screening, and preventative treatment for diabetic retinopathy in developing countries: a review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 44(4):300\u2013320","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3971_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12954","volume":"94","author":"E Olafsdottir","year":"2016","unstructured":"Olafsdottir E, Andersson DK, Dedorsson I, Svardsudd K, Jansson SP, Stefansson E (2016) Early detection of type 2 diabetes mellitus and screening for retinopathy are associated with reduced prevalence and severity of retinopathy. Acta Ophthalmol 94(3):232\u2013239","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3971_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-1778","volume":"38","author":"GP Leese","year":"2015","unstructured":"Leese GP, Stratton IM, Land M et al (2015) Progression of diabetes retinal status within community screening programs and potential implications for screening intervals. Diabetes Care 38:488\u2013494 Diabetes Care, 38(12):E209-E210","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"3971_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.10.003","volume":"116","author":"F Wang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wang F, Liang Y, Zhang F et al (2009) Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in rural China: the Handan Eye Study. Ophthalmology 116(3):461\u2013467","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"}],"container-title":["Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00417-018-3971-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00417-018-3971-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00417-018-3971-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,6]],"date-time":"2019-04-06T19:56:15Z","timestamp":1554580575000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00417-018-3971-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,6]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]}},"alternative-id":["3971"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-018-3971-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0721-832X","1435-702X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0721-832X","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-702X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 September 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 March 2018","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 March 2018","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 April 2018","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee (name the institution\/committee) and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.For this type of study, formal consent is not required.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}