{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T16:28:56Z","timestamp":1778344136403,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,20]],"date-time":"2018-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1529452800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-018-4050-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,19]],"date-time":"2018-06-19T19:33:43Z","timestamp":1529436823000},"page":"1961-1969","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Is combined mechanism glaucoma a distinct entity?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"256","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0986-5954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramanjit","family":"Sihota","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sailesh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Talvir","family":"Sidhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neha","family":"Midha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ajay","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suresh","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Viney","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tanuj","family":"Dada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"4050_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2003.020016","volume":"88","author":"PJ Foster","year":"2004","unstructured":"Foster PJ, Aung T, Nolan WP et al (2004) Defining \u201coccludable\u201d angles in population surveys: drainage angle width, peripheral anterior synechiae, and glaucomatous optic neuropathy in east Asian people. Br J Ophthalmol 88:486\u2013490","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4050_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.61.2.105","volume":"61","author":"SW Hyams","year":"1977","unstructured":"Hyams SW, Keroub C, Pokotilo E (1977) Mixed glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol 61:105\u2013106","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4050_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(69)94079-3","volume":"68","author":"SW Hyams","year":"1969","unstructured":"Hyams SW, Neumann E (1969) Congenital microcoria and combined mechanism glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol 68:326\u2013327","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4050_CR4","unstructured":"International Glaucoma Review.(2018) \n                    http:\/\/www.e-igr.com\/MR\/index.php?issue=43&MRid=79\n                    \n                  . Accessed 17 Jan 2018"},{"key":"4050_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1986.00360180072012","volume":"146","author":"JJ Ferguson","year":"1986","unstructured":"Ferguson JJ, Randall OS (1986) Systolic, diastolic, and combined hypertension. Differences between groups. Arch Intern Med 146:1090\u20131093","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"4050_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.95868","volume":"60","author":"R Sihota","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sihota R, Goyal A, Kaur J et al (2012) Scanning electron microscopy of the trabecular meshwork: understanding the pathogenesis of primary angle closure glaucoma. Indian J Ophthalmol 60:183\u2013188. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0301-4738.95868","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4050_CR7","first-page":"255","volume":"49","author":"R Sihota","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sihota R, Lakshmaiah NC, Walia KB et al (2001) The trabecular meshwork in acute and chronic angle closure glaucoma. Indian J Ophthalmol 49:255\u2013259","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4050_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8849","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-7591","volume":"52","author":"T Hamanaka","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hamanaka T, Kasahara K, Takemura T (2011) Histopathology of the trabecular meshwork and Schlemm\u2019s canal in primary angle-closure glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 52:8849\u20138861. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.11-7591","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"4050_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2006.20.2.104","volume":"20","author":"JY Lee","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lee JY, Kim YY, Jung HR (2006) Distribution and characteristics of peripheral anterior synechiae in primary angle-closure glaucoma. Korean J Ophthalmol 20:104\u2013108. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3341\/kjo.2006.20.2.104","journal-title":"Korean J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4050_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2004.18.2.100","volume":"18","author":"JS Choi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Choi JS, Kim YY (2004) Relationship between the extent of peripheral anterior synechiae and the severity of visual field defects in primary angle-closure glaucoma. Korean J Ophthalmol 18:100\u2013105. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3341\/kjo.2004.18.2.100","journal-title":"Korean J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4050_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-9071.2000.00324.x","volume":"28","author":"R Sihota","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sihota R, Lakshmaiah NC, Agarwal HC et al (2000) Ocular parameters in the subgroups of angle closure glaucoma. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 28:253\u2013258","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4050_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.87.4.399","volume":"87","author":"R George","year":"2003","unstructured":"George R, Paul PG, Baskaran M et al (2003) Ocular biometry in occludable angles and angle closure glaucoma: a population based survey. Br J Ophthalmol 87:399\u2013402","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4050_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.07.025","volume":"118","author":"ME Nongpiur","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nongpiur ME, He M, Amerasinghe N et al (2011) Lens vault, thickness, and position in Chinese subjects with angle closure. Ophthalmology 118:474\u2013479. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.07.025","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"4050_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(98)91132-0","volume":"105","author":"G Marchini","year":"1998","unstructured":"Marchini G, Pagliarusco A, Toscano A et al (1998) Ultrasound biomicroscopic and conventional ultrasonographic study of ocular dimensions in primary angle-closure glaucoma. Ophthalmology 105:2091\u20132098. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0161-6420(98)91132-0","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"4050_CR15","first-page":"71","volume":"41","author":"S Saxena","year":"1993","unstructured":"Saxena S, Agrawal PK, Pratap VB, Nath R (1993) Anterior chamber depth and lens thickness in primary angle-closure glaucoma\u00a0: a case-control study. Indian J Ophthalmol 41:71","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4050_CR16","first-page":"117","volume":"23","author":"N Ali","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ali N, Wajid SA, Saeed N, Khan MD (2007) The Relative Frequency and Risk Factors of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma and Angle Closure Glaucoma. Pak J Ophthalmol 23(3):117","journal-title":"Pak J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4050_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5281","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12285","volume":"54","author":"CP Guzman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Guzman CP, Gong T, Nongpiur ME et al (2013) Anterior segment optical coherence tomography parameters in subtypes of primary angle closure. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 54:5281\u20135286. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.13-12285","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"4050_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.07.030","volume":"122","author":"M Baskaran","year":"2015","unstructured":"Baskaran M, Iyer JV, Narayanaswamy AK et al (2015) Anterior segment imaging predicts incident Gonioscopic angle closure. Ophthalmology 122:2380\u20132384. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.07.030","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"7","key":"4050_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.45.7.503","volume":"45","author":"JD Abrams","year":"1961","unstructured":"Abrams JD (1961) Mixed glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol 45(7):503\u2013510","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4050_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-003-0004-4","volume":"48","author":"A Narayanaswamy","year":"2004","unstructured":"Narayanaswamy A, Vijaya L, Shantha B et al (2004) Anterior chamber angle assessment using gonioscopy and ultrasound biomicroscopy. Jpn J Ophthalmol 48:44\u201349. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10384-003-0004-4","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"4050_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S76","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.73687","volume":"59","author":"R Sihota","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sihota R (2011) An Indian perspective on primary angle closure and glaucoma. Indian J Ophthalmol 59(Suppl):S76\u2013S81. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0301-4738.73687","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00417-018-4050-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00417-018-4050-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00417-018-4050-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,19]],"date-time":"2019-06-19T19:10:18Z","timestamp":1560971418000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00417-018-4050-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,20]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]}},"alternative-id":["4050"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-018-4050-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0721-832X","1435-702X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0721-832X","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-702X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 March 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 May 2018","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 June 2018","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 June 2018","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}